Andrew Johnson

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Andrew Johnson
Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat ka-17
Mangsa jabatan 15 April 1865 – 4 Maret 1869
Pejabat sadurungé	Abraham Lincoln
Pengganti	Ulysses Grant
Dhaptar Wakil Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat ka-16
Mangsa jabatan 4 Maret 1865 – 15 April 1865
Pejabat sadurungé	Hannibal Hamlin
Pengganti	Schuyler Colfax
Senator Amerika Serikat AS saka Tennessee
Mangsa jabatan 4 Maret 1875 – 31 Juli 1875
Pejabat sadurungé	William Brownlow
Pengganti	David Key
Mangsa jabatan 8 Oktober 1857 – 4 Maret 1862
Pejabat sadurungé	James Jones
Pengganti	David Patterson
Gubernur Tennessee
Mangsa jabatan 17 Oktober 1853 – 3 November 1857
Pejabat sadurungé	William B. Campbell
Pengganti	Isham G. Harris
Gubernur Militer Tennessee
Mangsa jabatan 12 Maret 1862 – 4 Maret 1865
Pejabat sadurungé	Isham G. Harris
Pengganti	Edward H. East sebagai Pejabat Gubernur
Anggota Dewan Perwakilan AS saka distrik ke-1 Tennessee
Mangsa jabatan 4 Maret 1843 – 3 Maret 1853
Pejabat sadurungé	Thomas Arnold
Pengganti	Brookins Campbell
Lair	29 Desember 1808 Raleigh, Karolina Utara, Amerika Serikat
Tilar donya	31 Juli 1875 (umur 66) Elizabethton, Tennessee, Amerika Serikat
Partai pulitik	Demokrat
Partai pulitik (liyané)	Persatuan Nasional (1864–1868)
Pasangan	Eliza McCardle
Anak	Martha Charles Mary Robert Andrew
Profèsi	Penjahit
Agama	Kristen Non-denominasional
Tapak asma

Andrew Johnson (lair ing Raleigh, North Carolina, 29 Desember 1808 – tilar donya ing Elizabethton, Tennessee, 31 Juli 1875 kanthi yuswa 66 taun) yaiku presidhèn Amérika Sarékat sing ka-17 lan njabat ing 1865 tekan 1869. Muturut konstitusi, Andrew Johnson sing njabat minangka Wakil Prèsidhèn sing otomatis dadi presidhèn nalika Presidhèn Abraham Lincoln tilar donya ing prastawa rajapati. Panjenengané uga salah sijining presidhèn Amérika Sarékat sing nikah ing yuswa paling enom, nalika dina nikahé 5 Mei 1827, panjenengané 18 taun yuswané, ananging garwané, Eliza McCardle, yuswané 16 taun.

Mangsa cilik

Andrew Johnson dilairaké 29 Desember 1808. Wong Tuwané mlarat. Bapaké salah sijining tukang jaga lawang ing salah sijining papan panginepan, lan ibuké bekas pelayan ing panginepan kasebut.

Andrew Johnson ora tau disekolahaké, ananging lekas sinau déwé nalika umuré isih enom. Nalika enom, panjenengané kerja ing salah sijining tukang jait, kanthi karep kanggo dadi tukang jait. Ananging panjenengané salanjuté mlayu ing salah sijining kutha ing Tennessee lan ing papan kuwi panjenengané mbukak salah sijining toko jait klambi.

Karir politik

Andrew Johnson nglamar anaké tukang sepatu. Garwané, sing pendhidhikané apik, nyurung Andrew Johnson ing usaha-usahané kanggo mbangun awaké dewé kanthi sinau. Ora suwé, panjenengané wés kasil nglumpukaké kauletan-kauletan lan jeneng apik ing kalangan masyarakat minangka warga sing paling dikenal. Panjenengané nduwé rasa perhatian ing masalah-masalah kemasyarakatan lan ing akhiré nggawa masalah kuwi ing donya politik. Panjenengané dadi anggota Dewan Kotapraja, salanjuté njabat minangka walikutha, lan salanjuté kuwi wakil negara bagian lan senator.

Ing yuswa 35 taun panjenengané dadi anggota ing Kongrès Amerika lan njabat sasuwéné sepuluh taun. Salanjuté panjenengané dadi Gubernur Tennesse lan sawisé kuwi dadi senator sasuwéné limang taun.

Mangsa Kaprèsidhènan

Ing tanggal 15 April 1865, sawisé Presidhèn Lincoln tilar donya amarga rajapati, Andrew Johnson diangkat dadi presidhèn.

Sasuwené mangsa jabatané, rong amandemèn wes ditambahaké ing kongrès Amérika. Amandemèn sing ditambahaké yaiku:

1. Ngilangaké babagan perbudakan ing Amérika Sarékat lan netepaké wong-wong negro minangka warga negara Amerika, lan nglarang diskriminasi kanggo kelompok kuwi. Undang-undang iki dikenal minangka undang-undang Hak Sipil taun 1866.
2. Ora ana negara bagian sing oleh nyabut jiwa, kabebasan utawa harta bendané salah sijining wong tanpa lewat hukum sing mlaku.

Presidhèn Andrew Johnson yaiku salah sijining anggota saka Partai Demokrat Amérika Sarékat, padahal Lincoln asalé saka Partai Partai Republik Amerika Serikat. Panjenengané ora dikancani karo wakil presidhèn. Sasuwené nyekel jabatané, panjenengané beda pamikirian karo kongres, luwih-luwih karo anggota-anggota partai republik sing radikal. Golongan iki nyekel peran nalika mutusaké salah sijining undang-undang, kamasuk mbatalaké veto salah sijining presidhèn. Kanggo sing kapisan ing sejarah kongrès kasil mbatalaké keputusan presidhèn babagan salah sijining undang-undang penting. Para anggota pada usaha kanggo mbatesi kanthi ketat kuasané presidhèn kanthi netapaké jumlah rancangan undang-undang lan nalika Presidhèn Andrew Johnson nglirwakaké salah sijining peraturan kuwi kanthi mecat Menteri Perangé, pamriksaan pelanggaran dikenèkaké kanggo panjenengané lan panjenengané diadili dening senat Amérika Sarékat, ananging panjenengane dibebasaké saka tuduhan kanthi beda siji swara.

Nalika taun 1869 Presidhèn Andrew Johnson ninggalaké Gedung Putih lan bali ing negara bagian Tennessee.

Ing taun 1875, enem taun sawisé ninggalaké Gedung Putih, Andrew Johnson bali ing Washington, D.C. minangka Senator. Panjenengané tilar donya pirang wulan salanjuté ing tanggal 31 Juli 1875 sawisé diserang penyakit lumpuh. Panjenengané ninggalaké garwa siji, putra telu lan putri loro.

Deleng uga

• Dhaptar Jenderal Perang Sipil Amerika
• Pamilihan Umum Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat, 1864
• Sajarah Amérika Sarékat
• Tennessee Johnson
• Dhaptar Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat
• Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat ing Perangko Amérika Sarékat

Bibliografi

• Beale, Howard K., The Critical Year. A Study of Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction (1930). ISBN 0-8044-1085-2
• Benedict, Michael Les, The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson (1999). ISBN 0-393-31982-2
• Boulard, Garry, "The Swing Around the Circle—Andrew Johnson and the Train Ride that Destroyed a Presidency" (2008) ISBN 978-1-4401-0239-4
• Castel, Albert E., The Presidency of Andrew Johnson (1979). ISBN 0-7006-0190-2
• DeWitt, D. M., The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson (1903).
• Du Bois, W. E. B. 'The Transubstantiation of a Poor White' in Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward the History of the Part Which Black People Have Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880 (1935). ISBN 0-527-25280-8.
• Dunning, W. A., Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction (New York, 1898)
• Dunning, W. A., Reconstruction, Political and Economic (New York, 1907) online edition
• Foster, G. Allen, Impeached: The President who almost lost his job (New York, 1964).
• Gordon-Reed, Annette Andrew Johnson: The American Presidents Series: The 17th President, 1865-1869, ISBN 0-8050-6948-8 .
  • Gordon-Reed, Annette speaking on CSPAN Booktv Andrew Johnson
• Kennedy, John F., "Profiles In Courage" (2006)
• Hatfield, Mark O., with the Senate Historical Office, Vice Presidents of the United States, 1789–1993.(U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997), p. 219
• Mantell, Martin E. Johnson, Grant, and the Politics of Reconstruction (1973)
• McKitrick, Eric L., Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction (1961). ISBN 0-19-505707-4
• Means;Howard, The Avenger Takes His Place: Andrew Johnson and the 45 Days That Changed the Nation (New York, 2006)
• Milton; George Fort. The Age of Hate: Andrew Johnson and the Radicals (1930) online edition
• Patton; James Welch. Unionism and Reconstruction in Tennessee, 1860–1869 (1934) online edition
• Rhodes; James Ford History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan Campaign of 1896 Volume: 6. 1920. Pulitzer prize.
• Schouler, James. History of the United States of America: Under the Constitution vol. 7. 1865–1877. The Reconstruction Period (1917)
• Schweikart, Larry; Michael Allen (2004). A Patriot's History of the United States. Easton Press.
• Sledge, James L. III. "Johnson, Andrew" in Encyclopedia of the American Civil War. edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. (2000)
• Stewart, David, O. Impeached: the Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln's Legacy (2009) Simon and Schuster, New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-4165-4749-5.
• Stryker, Lloyd P., Andrew Johnson: A Study in Courage (1929). ISBN 0-403-01231-7 online edition
• Trefousse, Hans L. (1989). Andrew Johnson: A Biography. Norton. ISBN 0-393-31742-0.
• Winston; Robert W. Andrew Johnson: Plebeian and Patriot (1928) online edition

Sumber Primer

• Ralph W. Haskins, LeRoy P. Graf, and Paul H. Bergeron et al., eds. The Papers of Andrew Johnson 16 volumes; University of Tennessee Press, (1967–2000). ISBN 1-57233-091-0. Includes all letters and speeches by Johnson, and many letters written to him. Complete to 1875.
• Newspaper clippings, 1865–1869
• Series of Harper's Weekly articles covering the impeachment controversy and trial
• Johnson's obituary, from the New York Times

Pranala njaba

Temokna informasi luwih akèh ing Andrew Johnson kanthi nggolèki ing proyèk kagandhèng Wikipedia
	Dictionary definitions saka Wiktionary
	Textbooks saka Wikibooks
	Quotations saka Wikiquote
	Source texts saka Wikisource
	Images and media saka Commons
	News stories saka Wikinews
	Learning resources saka Wikiversity

• The Impeachment trial of President Johnson as reported in Harper's Monthly Magazine April 1868
• Obituary, NY Times, August 1, 1875, Andrew Johnson Dead
• Articles of Impeachment
• White House Biography
• Vice Presidential biography. From the Senate Historical Office.
• Mr. Lincoln's White House: Andrew Johnson
• Andrew Johnson Cleveland Speech (September 3, 1866)
• Congressional Globe transcript of Johnsons inaugural address
• Speeches of Andrew Johnson : President of the United States 1866 collection at archive.org
• Andrew Johnson's 200th Birthday Celebration site at DiscoverGreeneville.com
• Andrew Johnson: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
• Tennessee State Library & Archives, Andrew Johnson Papers, 1846-1875
• Tennessee State Library & Archives, Papers of Governor Andrew Johnson, 1853-1857
• Tennessee State Library & Archives, Papers of (Military) Governor Andrew Johnson, 1862-1865
• Andrew Johnson ing Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Retrieved on 2009-03-02
• Essay on Andrew Johnson and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the Miller Center of Public Affairs
• Andrew Johnson at C-SPAN's American Presidents: Life Portraits