ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦃꦲꦤ꧀

ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀; Kalamangsa: 520 Ma PraЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Kambrium tekan saiki, nanging pirsani teks
Klasifikasi ngèlmiah
Dhomain:	Eukaryota
Unranked:	Archaeplastida
Karajan:	Plantae; Haeckel, 1866
Divisi
	; Alga ijo Chlorophyta-alga ijo sajati; Charophyta-alga ijo mawa karang; Tetuwuhan dharat (Embryophyta) Tetuwuhan dharat ora duwé pambuluh (lumut) Marchantiophyta—lumut ati; Anthocerotophyta—lumut (ati) tanduk; Bryophyta/Musci—lumut sajati; †Horneophytopsida; ; Tetuwuhan mawa pambuluh (tracheophyta) †Rhyniophyta; †Zosterophyllophyta; Lycopodiophyta—paku kawat; †Trimerophytophyta; Pteridophyta—paku-pakuan lan paku buntut jaran; †Progymnospermophyta; Spermatophyta (tetuwuhan wewiji) †Pteridospermatophyta—paku (duwé) wiji; Pinophyta—tetuwuhan runjung; Cycadophyta—pakis haji lan kerabaté; Ginkgophyta—ginkgo; Gnetophyta—mlinjo lan kerabaté; Magnoliophyta—tetuwuhan ngembang; ; ; †Nematophytes

Aksara Latin

ꦗꦮ

Artikel iki macak aksara Jawa. Menawa pangluru sampéyan durung njurung karakter iku, sampéyan mokal ndeleng sawenèh tulisan sing nganggo aksara Jawa ing kaca iki.
Kanggo ndandani, wacana Pitulung:Aksara Jawa.

ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦶꦁꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩꦸꦧꦶꦪꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦒꦶꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱꦺꦠꦶꦠꦃꦏꦁꦏꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦁꦫꦺꦒ꧀ꦤꦸꦩ꧀ꦥ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦌ꧈ꦲꦶꦁꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦤꦺ꧇ꦏꦧꦺꦃꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦩꦮꦥꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦭꦸꦃ꧈ꦏꦁꦱꦼꦩꦸꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦱꦗꦠꦶ꧌ꦭꦸꦩꦸꦠ꧀ꦲꦠꦶ꧈ꦭꦸꦩꦸꦠ꧈ꦥꦏꦸꦥꦏꦸꦮꦤ꧀꧈ꦲꦸꦒꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦮꦼꦮꦶꦗꦶ꧉ꦲꦶꦥꦺꦂꦱꦶꦠꦏ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦩꦶꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦠꦸ꧈ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴꦲꦸꦏꦊꦧꦸꦲꦶꦁꦏꦫꦗꦤ꧀꧌ꦫꦺꦒ꧀ꦤꦸꦩ꧀꧍ꦲꦶꦏꦶ꧉ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦠꦃꦲꦻꦴꦠꦺꦴꦠꦿꦺꦴꦥ꧀ꦏꦁꦩꦸꦥꦁꦔꦠꦏꦺꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦥꦶꦭ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦤꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦁꦔꦺꦴꦮꦃꦲꦺꦤꦼꦂꦒꦶꦥꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦏꦕꦃꦪꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺꦢꦢꦶꦲꦺꦤꦼꦂꦒꦶꦏꦶꦩꦪꦮꦶꦏꦁꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢ꧀ꦢꦺꦒꦸꦭ꧉ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦥꦁꦔꦭꦶꦃꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦢꦶꦪꦫꦤꦶꦥꦿꦺꦴꦱꦺꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦱꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦱꦶꦱ꧀꧉ꦲꦩꦂꦒꦱꦺꦴꦭꦃꦲꦺꦏꦁꦲꦻꦴꦠꦺꦴꦠꦿꦺꦴꦥ꧀꧈ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦤꦲꦶꦁꦥꦺꦴꦱꦶꦱꦶꦲꦁꦏꦱꦶꦗꦶꦲꦶꦁꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦲꦶꦭꦺꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦤꦼꦂꦒꦶꦭꦶꦮꦠ꧀ꦠꦶꦠꦃ꧌ꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦥꦔꦤꦤ꧀꧍꧉ꦲꦩꦂꦒꦮꦂꦤꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴꦢꦺꦴꦩꦶꦤꦤ꧀ꦧꦔꦼꦠ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦲꦁꦒꦺꦴꦠꦏꦿꦗꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶ꧈ꦩꦸꦭꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁꦭꦶꦪꦏꦁꦢꦶꦪꦁꦒꦺꦴꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸViridiplantae꧌ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ꧍꧉ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸMetaphyta꧉

ꦏ꧀ꦭꦱꦶꦥ꦳ꦶꦏꦱꦶ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦩꦁꦱ ꦏꦥꦸꦁꦏꦸꦂ ꦔ꧀ꦭꦼꦧꦺꦴꦏꦏꦺ ꦲꦸꦒ ꦏꦧꦺꦃ ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦥ꦳ꦸꦔꦶ ꧌ꦏꦊꦧꦸ ꦗꦩꦸꦂ ꦊꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦂ꧍ ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏ ꦲꦁꦒꦺꦴꦠꦤꦺ꧉ ꦏꦿꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ ꦏꦿꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ ꦏꦁ ꦩꦸꦚ꧀ꦕꦸꦭ꧀ ꦱꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦫꦺ ꦲꦒꦮꦺ ꦥ꦳ꦸꦔꦶ ꦢꦶꦥꦶꦱꦲꦏꦺ ꦱꦏ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀꧉ ꦱꦤꦢꦾꦤ꧀ ꦱ꧀ꦠꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦼꦂ꧈ ꦥ꦳ꦸꦔꦶ ꦲꦱꦶꦥꦠ꧀ ꦱꦥꦿꦺꦴꦠꦿꦺꦴꦥ꦳꧀꧈ ꦲꦺꦴꦭꦺꦃ ꦲꦺꦤꦺꦂꦒꦶ ꦱꦏ ꦱꦶꦱ ꦱꦶꦱ ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ ꦲꦺꦴꦂꦒꦤꦶꦏ꧀꧉ ꦏꦗꦧ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ꧈ ꦝꦶꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦁ ꦱꦺꦭ꧀ ꦥ꦳ꦸꦔꦶ ꦲꦺꦴꦫ ꦏꦱꦸꦱꦸꦤ꧀ ꦱꦏ ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ ꦏꦁ ꦥꦝ ꦏꦫꦺꦴ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦩꦭꦲꦤ꧀ ꦩꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦂ ꦏꦺꦮꦤ꧀꧉ ꦱꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ ꦒꦼꦝꦺ ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦂ ꦮꦶꦮꦶꦠ꧀ ꦢꦶꦥꦶꦱꦲꦏꦺ ꦱꦏ ꦏꦴꦁꦒꦺꦴꦠꦴꦤ꧀ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦲꦩꦂꦒ ꦲꦺꦴꦫ ꦢꦸꦮꦺ ꦢꦶꦥ꦳ꦼꦉꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦪꦱꦶ ꦗꦫꦶꦔꦤ꧀ ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦲꦺꦴꦫ ꦔꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦔꦏꦺ ꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦥ꦳ꦶꦭ꧀ ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏ ꦥꦶꦒ꧀ꦩꦼꦤ꧀ ꦥꦤꦁꦏꦥ꧀ ꦲꦺꦤꦺꦂꦒꦶ꧉ ꦥꦁꦒꦸꦤꦴꦤ꧀ ꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦤꦶꦏ꧀ ꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦤꦶꦏ꧀ ꦧꦶꦪꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦒꦶ ꦩꦺꦴꦊꦏꦸꦊꦂ ꦩꦫꦁ ꦥ꦳ꦶꦭꦺꦴꦒꦺꦤꦶ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦥꦿꦚꦠ ꦩꦺꦤꦺꦲꦶ ꦥꦚꦼꦁꦏꦸꦪꦸꦁ ꦥꦩꦶꦱꦲꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦏꦶ꧉

ꦝꦺꦥ꦳ꦶꦤꦶꦱꦶ

ꦤꦭꦶꦏ ꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦢꦶꦏꦉꦥꦏꦺ ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏ ꦒꦿꦸꦥ꧀ ꦲꦺꦴꦂꦒꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦼ ꦠꦶꦤꦩ꧀ꦠꦸ ꦲꦸꦠꦮ ꦠꦏ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦤ꧀꧈ ꦫꦕꦏꦺ ꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱꦺ ꦱꦭꦃ ꦱꦶꦗꦶ ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦥ꧀꧉ ꦥꦔ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦏꦤꦺ ꦪ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ:

ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁ	ꦭꦶꦁꦏꦸꦥ꧀	ꦏꦠꦿꦔꦤ꧀
ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦝꦫꦠ꧀꧈ ꦲꦸꦒ ꦢꦶꦠꦼꦥꦸꦔꦶ ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏ ꦌꦩ꧀ꦧ꧀ꦂꦪ꧀ꦺꦴꦦꦠ ꦲꦸꦠꦮ ꦩꦼꦠꦦꦠ꧉	Plantae sensu strictissimo	ꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦏꦶ ꦏꦭꦊꦧꦸ liverworts, hornworts, mosses, ꦭꦤ꧀vascular plant, ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦲꦸꦒꦶ fossil plants ꦏꦁ ꦩꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦂ ꦏꦫꦺꦴ ꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦏꦶ.
Green plants – ꦲꦸꦒ ꦢꦶꦠꦼꦥꦸꦔꦶ ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏ Viridiplantae, Viridiphyta ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶ Chlorobionta	Plantae sensu stricto	ꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦏꦶ ꦏꦊꦧꦸ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦝꦫꦠ꧀ ꦥ꧀ꦭꦸꦱ꧀ ꦩꦤꦺꦏ ꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ alga ijo, ꦏꦊꦧꦸ stonewort.
Archaeplastida, Plastida ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶ Primoplantae	Plantae sensu lato	ꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦏ꧀ ꦲꦶꦏꦶ ꦏꦊꦧꦸ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ ꦲꦶꦁ ꦝꦸꦮꦸꦂ ꦥ꧀ꦭꦸꦱ꧀Rhodophyta (alga abang) ꦭꦤ꧀ Glaucophyta (alga glaucophyte).

ꦕꦫ ꦭꦶꦪ ꦪ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ ꦭꦶꦮꦠ꧀ ꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁ cladogram꧈ ꦏꦁ ꦤꦸꦢꦸꦲꦏꦺ ꦒꦪꦸꦠꦤ꧀ ꦲꦺꦮ꦳ꦺꦴꦭꦸꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦺꦂ꧉ ꦱꦗꦫꦃ ꦲꦺꦮ꦳ꦺꦴꦭꦸꦱꦶ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦢꦸꦫꦸꦁ ꦢꦶꦠꦠ ꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶ ꦥꦼꦥꦏ꧀꧈ ꦤꦔꦶꦁ ꦱꦭꦃ ꦱꦶꦗꦶ ꦏꦁ ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ ꦢꦶꦠꦩ꧀ꦥ ꦪ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ꧉^[2]

Archaeplastida

Glaucophyta (glaucophyte algae)

Rhodophyta (ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦲꦧꦁ)

Viridiplantae

Chlorophyta (ꦥꦼꦫꦔꦤꦶꦁ ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ)

Streptophyta

streptophyte algae (ꦥꦼꦫꦔꦤꦶꦁ ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ)

	Charales (stoneworts, often included ꦲꦶꦁ ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ)

	land plants ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶ embryophytes

ꦒꦿꦸꦥ꧀ ꦏꦁ ꦠꦿꦢꦶꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ "algae"

ꦫꦸꦥ

ꦮꦠꦫ 350,000 ꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦱꦶꦪꦺꦱ꧀ ꦱꦏ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦏꦁ ꦲꦤ ꦮꦼꦏ꧀ꦠꦸ ꦲꦶꦏꦶ. ꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀ 2004, ꦮꦠꦫ 287,655 ꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦱꦶꦪꦺꦱ꧀ ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ ꦢꦶꦠꦼꦥꦸꦔꦶ꧈ ꦲꦶꦁ ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦤꦺ 258,650 ꦪ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ ꦲꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢ꧀ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦔꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ, 16,000 bryophyta, 11,000 ꦥꦏꦶꦱ꧀ ꦭꦤ꧀ 8,000 ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ.

**ꦏꦫꦒꦩꦤ꧀ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀**
ꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦤꦥ꦳ꦺꦴꦂꦩꦭ꧀	ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁ ꦢꦶꦮ꦳ꦶꦱꦶ	ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁ ꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩ꧀	ꦕꦕꦲꦶꦁ ꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦱꦶꦪꦺꦱ꧀
Ganggang ijo	Chlorophyta	ganggang ijo (chlorophyta)	3,800 ^[3]
Ganggang ijo	Charophyta	ganggang ijo (desmids & charophytes)	4,000-6,000 ^[4]
Bryophyta	Marchantiophyta	liverworts	6,000-8,000 ^[5]
	Anthocerotophyta	hornworts	100-200 ^[6]
	Bryophyta	mosses	12,000 ^[7]
Pteridophyta	Lycopodiophyta	club mosses	1,200 ^[8]
Pteridophyta	Pteridophyta	ferns, whisk ferns & horsetails	11,000 ^[8]
Tetuwuhan wewiji	Cycadophyta	cycads	160 ^[9]
	Ginkgophyta	ginkgo	1 ^[10]
	Pinophyta	conifers	630 ^[8]
	Gnetophyta	gnetophytes	70 ^[8]
	Magnoliophyta	flowering plants	258,650 ^[11]

ꦥꦶꦂꦱꦤꦶ ꦲꦸꦒ

ꦮꦺꦴꦃ
ꦏꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ
ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦗꦩꦸ ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦧꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦸ

ꦫꦺꦥ꦳ꦼꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶ

↑ Haeckel G (1866). Generale Morphologie der Organismen. Berlin: Verlag von Georg Reimer. kc. vol.1: i–xxxii, 1–574, pls I–II, vol. 2: i–clx, 1–462, pls I–VIII.
↑ Miturut Rogozin, I.B.; Basu, M.K.; Csürös, M. & Koonin, E.V. (2009), "Analysis of Rare Genomic Changes Does Not Support the Unikont–Bikont Phylogeny and Suggests Cyanobacterial Symbiosis as the Point of Primary Radiation of Eukaryotes", Genome Biology and Evolution, 1: 99–113, doi:10.1093/gbe/evp011, PMC 2817406, PMID 20333181 and Becker, B. & Marin, B. (2009), "Streptophyte algae and the origin of embryophytes", Annals of Botany, 103 (7): 999–1004, doi:10.1093/aob/mcp044, PMID 19273476; see also the slightly different cladogram in Lewis, Louise A. & McCourt, R.M. (2004), "Green algae and the origin of land plants", Am. J. Bot., 91 (10): 1535–1556, doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535.
↑ Van den Hoek, C., D. G. Mann, & H. M. Jahns, 1995. Algae: An Introduction to Phycology. pages 343, 350, 392, 413, 425, 439, & 448 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-30419-9
↑ Van den Hoek, C., D. G. Mann, & H. M. Jahns, 1995. Algae: An Introduction to Phycology. pages 457, 463, & 476. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-30419-9
↑ Crandall-Stotler, Barbara. & Stotler, Raymond E., 2000. "Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta". page 21 in A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds.), Bryophyte Biology. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-66097-1
↑ Schuster, Rudolf M., The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, volume VI, pages 712-713. (Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1992). ISBN 0-914868-21-7.
↑ Goffinet, Bernard; William R. Buck (2004). "Systematics of the Bryophyta (Mosses): From molecules to a revised classification". Monographs in Systematic Botany. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 98: 205–239.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Raven, Peter H., Ray F. Evert, & Susan E. Eichhorn, 2005. Biology of Plants, 7th edition. (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company). ISBN 0-7167-1007-2.
↑ Gifford, Ernest M. & Adriance S. Foster, 1988. Morphology and Evolution of Vascular Plants, 3rd edition, page 358. (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company). ISBN 0-7167-1946-0.
↑ Taylor, Thomas N. & Edith L. Taylor, 1993. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, page 636. (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall). ISBN 0-13-651589-4.
↑ International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:Summary Statistics

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Jones, T. M., Reid, C. S., Urbatsch, L. E. "Visual study of divisional Plantae". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2020-04-13. Dibukak ing 2019-11-06. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (pitulung)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (requires Microsoft Silverlight)
ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦃꦲꦤ꧀ ing Encyclopedia of Life
Chaw, S.-M.; et al. (1997). "Molecular Phylogeny of Extant Gymnosperms and Seed Plant Evolution: Analysis of Nuclear 18s rRNA Sequences" (PDF). Molec. Biol. Evol. 14 (1): 56–68. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025702. PMID 9000754.
Index Nominum Algarum
Interactive Cronquist classification
Plant Resources of Tropical Africa Archived 2010-06-11 at the Wayback Machine.
Tree of Life Archived 2015-06-30 at the Wayback Machine.

Database botani lan vegetasi

African Plants Initiative database
Australia
Chilean plants at Chilebosque
e-Floras (Flora of China, Flora of North America and others)
Flora Europaea
Flora of Central Europe (ing basa Basa Jerman)
Flora of North America
List of Japanese Wild Plants Online
Meet the Plants-National Tropical Botanical Garden Archived 2007-06-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Native Plant Information Network at University of Texas, Austin
The Plant List Archived 2019-05-23 at the Wayback Machine.
United States Department of Agriculture not limited to continental US species

Cithakan:Klasifikasi tetuwuhan

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[1] Haeckel G (1866). Generale Morphologie der Organismen. Berlin: Verlag von Georg Reimer. kc. vol.1: i–xxxii, 1–574, pls I–II, vol. 2: i–clx, 1–462, pls I–VIII.

[2] Miturut Rogozin, I.B.; Basu, M.K.; Csürös, M. & Koonin, E.V. (2009), "Analysis of Rare Genomic Changes Does Not Support the Unikont–Bikont Phylogeny and Suggests Cyanobacterial Symbiosis as the Point of Primary Radiation of Eukaryotes", Genome Biology and Evolution, 1: 99–113, doi:10.1093/gbe/evp011, PMC 2817406, PMID 20333181 and Becker, B. & Marin, B. (2009), "Streptophyte algae and the origin of embryophytes", Annals of Botany, 103 (7): 999–1004, doi:10.1093/aob/mcp044, PMID 19273476; see also the slightly different cladogram in Lewis, Louise A. & McCourt, R.M. (2004), "Green algae and the origin of land plants", Am. J. Bot., 91 (10): 1535–1556, doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535.

[3] Van den Hoek, C., D. G. Mann, & H. M. Jahns, 1995. Algae: An Introduction to Phycology. pages 343, 350, 392, 413, 425, 439, & 448 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-30419-9

[4] Van den Hoek, C., D. G. Mann, & H. M. Jahns, 1995. Algae: An Introduction to Phycology. pages 457, 463, & 476. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-30419-9

[5] Crandall-Stotler, Barbara. & Stotler, Raymond E., 2000. "Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta". page 21 in A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds.), Bryophyte Biology. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-66097-1

[6] Schuster, Rudolf M., The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, volume VI, pages 712-713. (Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1992). ISBN 0-914868-21-7.

[Goffinet_&_Buck_2004-7] Goffinet, Bernard; William R. Buck (2004). "Systematics of the Bryophyta (Mosses): From molecules to a revised classification". Monographs in Systematic Botany. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 98: 205–239.

[Raven_2005-8] Raven, Peter H., Ray F. Evert, & Susan E. Eichhorn, 2005. Biology of Plants, 7th edition. (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company). ISBN 0-7167-1007-2.

[9] Gifford, Ernest M. & Adriance S. Foster, 1988. Morphology and Evolution of Vascular Plants, 3rd edition, page 358. (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company). ISBN 0-7167-1946-0.

[10] Taylor, Thomas N. & Edith L. Taylor, 1993. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, page 636. (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall). ISBN 0-13-651589-4.

[11] International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:Summary Statistics

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