UNIFIL
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, utawa UNIFIL, diwangun déning Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, kanthi Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 425 lan 426 tanggal 19 Maret 19, 1978, kanggo mesthèkaké pemunduran wadyabala Israèl saka Lebanon, ndandani kedamaian lan keamanan international, lan mbantu Pamaréntah Lebanon mbenakaké kakuwasané.[1] Pasukan UNIFIL kang pisanan teka ing Libanon tanggal 23 Maret, 1978; wadyabala iki dialihaké saka operasi PBB liyané kang tugas ing tlatah saubengé (mligi saka UNEF lan UNDOF).[1]
Sajeroning Perang Libanon 1982, posisi PBB diserbu mligi déning wadyabala de facto kang dibawahi Saad Haddad. Pasukan iki minangka wadyabala asli Libanon kang dibantu déning Angkatan Pertahanan Israèl IDF.[2] Sajeroning mangsa pendhudhukan, fungsi UNIFIL mligi mung nyedhiakaké bantuan kamanungsan.[2] Wiwit taun 1985, Israèl ngurangi (scaled back) posisi tetepé ing Libanon, sanajan prosess iki ditandai nganggo serangan-serangan kilat lan pemboman, kaya déné ing Operasi Tanggung Jawab taun 1993 lan Operasi Murka taun 1996. Ing taun 1999, Israèl mundur total, kang rampung ing taun 2000 lan marakaké UNIFIL nuli bisa minangka tugas-tugas militeré. Pamaréntah Libanon nyatakaké yèn tlatah Shebaa farms minangka teritori Libanon,sanajan PBB nganggep iku ing njabané wewengkon Libanon. Pamaréntah Libanon nganggep yèn dhébat bab iki mènèhi (hak) kanggo sanksi hukum tumrap kelompok bersenjata anti-Israèli ing Libanon (sanajan PBB kanthi resmi nyatakaké yèn Israèl wis mundur kabèh saka tlatah kang dikuwasani sawisé perang 1973). Dewan Keamanan PBB wis merlèng (memperpanjang) mandat UNIFIL nganti tanggal 31Agustus, 2008.[3]
Mandat
[besut | besut sumber]UNIFIL ditugasi kanggo nggayuh sasaran-sasaran:
- Mesthèkaké pemunduran wadyabala Israèl saka Libanon kidul
- Mulihaké perdamaian lan keamanan international
- Bantu Pamaréntah Libanon kanggo mbenakaké kakuwasané
Mandat mau dhedhasar resolusi PBB:
- 31 Januari, 2006: Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 1655[4]
- 31 Juli, 2006: Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 1697[5]
- 11 Agustus, 2006: Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 1701|1701]][6]
Nagara Penyumbang Pasukan
[besut | besut sumber]Nagara-nagara mau ing ngisor iki mèlu nyumbang wadyabala aktif, utawa mènèhi rupa-rupa bantuan. Nagara kanthi aksara kandel minangka péranganing wadyabala UNIFIL kang wiwitan/asli.
Nagara | kakuwatan Pasukan (kira-kira*) | Peran |
---|---|---|
Bèlgi | 394[7][8] | sapu ranjau, kasehatan lan tim rekonstrucsi [8] |
Brunei | 100[9][10] | |
Bulgaria | 160[11] | |
China | 1,000[12][13] | 200 insinyur ing Libanon ngresiki ranjau [13] |
Dhènemarken | 50[7][14] | 2 kapal patroli pelindhung wadyabala kanggo kontingèn Jerman |
Finlan | 250[7][15] | rekonstruksi dalan, kreteg lan infrastruktur liyané [16] |
Perancis | 2,000[17][18] | wadyabala dharat kalebu 13 tank Perancis Leclerc;[19] kanggo nglindhungi wadyabala dharat UNIFIL nganti Fèbruari 2007.[20] Tambahan, kapal Angkatan Sagara Perancis kanthi 1,700 personil digelar saubengé Libanon ing Opération Baliste, lan operasi UNIFIL. |
Jerman | 2,400[21][22] | kapal Angkatan Sagara Jerman kanggo njaga pasisir Libanon lan nyegah penyelundupan senjata [21][22] |
Ghana | 650[23] | |
Yunani | 176-196 | Elli-class frigate, HS Kanaris, patroli nyegah penyelundupan senjata [24] |
India | 672[23][25] | |
Indonesia}} | 1,000[26][27] | wadyabala tempur, unit zeni lan ahli logistik [26] |
Irlandia | 150[16][28] | perlindhungan kanggo wadyabala Finlan [16] |
Italia | 2,500[29] | wadyabala dharat; wiwit Fèbruari 2007[30] |
Koréa Kidul | 350[31][32] | Pasukan Infantri lan tim medis. Tugas pengamanan ing tlatah Tyre.[33] Medical aid for local people. |
Malaysia | 360[34][35] | Administratif(200) lan tim patroli reaksi rikat (160; kalebu komando lan wadyabala mirunggan); |
Nepal | 850[36][37] | batalyon infantri [36][37] |
Walanda | 150[38] | 1 Karel Doorman class frigate[38] |
Nurwègen | 100[39][40] | Kapal AL Nurwègen kanggo ngamanké pasisir Libanomn lan nyegah penyelundupan[39] |
Polen | 500[7][41] | |
Portugal | 140[42] | engineering unit |
Ruslan | 400[22][43] | yasa infrastruktur [22] |
Slowak | 6 | Tim medis |
Spanyol | 1,000[17][44] | anti ranjau lan ngresiki pasisir [45] |
Swèdhen | 40[7][46] | 1 Korvet klas Göteborg |
Turki | 495[47] | unit zeni yasa kreteg kang rusak lan dalan; Fregat Turki patroli pasisir Libanon[47] |
Ukraina | 1[23] | |
Total | 13,817 |
* Cacah kang bener durung bisa dikonfirmasi.
Pemimpin UNIFIL
[besut | besut sumber]Utusan Sekretaris Jendral PBB kanggo Libanon Kidul
[besut | besut sumber]Wiwit | Nganti | Jeneng | Nagara |
---|---|---|---|
Maret 1978 | Jean Cuq | Perancis | |
2000 | 15 Januari 2001 | Rolf Goran Knutsson | Swèdhen |
15 Januari 2001 | April 2005 | Staffan de Mistura | Swèdhen |
April 2005 | Saiki | Geir Pedersen | Nurwègen |
Komandan Pasukan
[besut | besut sumber]Wiwit | Nganti | Jeneng | Nagara |
---|---|---|---|
Maret 1978 | Fèbruari 1981 | Emmanuel A. Erskine | Ghana |
Fèbruari 1981 | Mèi 1986 | William Callaghan | Irlandia |
Juni 1986 | Juni 1988 | Gustav Hägglund | Finlan |
Juli 1988 | Fèbruari 1993 | Lars-Eric Wahlgren | Swèdhen |
Fèbruari 1993 | Fèbruari 1995 | Trond Furuhovde | Nurwègen |
April 1995 | 1 Oktober 1997 | Stanislaw Franciszek Wozniak | Polen |
Fèbruari 1997 | September 1999 | Jioje Konousi Koronte | Fiji |
30 September 1999 | 1 Dhésèmber 1999 | James Sreenan | Irlandia |
16 November 1999 | 15 Mèi 2001 | Seth Kofi Obeng | Ghana |
15 Mèi | 17 Agustus 2001 | Ganesan Athmanathan | India |
17 Agustus 2001 | 17 Fèbruari 2004 | Lalit Mohan Tewari | India |
17 Fèbruari 2004 | 2 Fèbruari 2007 | Alain Pellegrini | Perancis |
2 Fèbruari 2007 | Saiki | Claudio Graziano | Italia |
Komandan Gugus Tugas Maritim
[besut | besut sumber]Wiwit | Nganti | Jeneng | Nagara |
---|---|---|---|
September 2006 | 16 Oktober 2006 | Giuseppe De Giorgi | Italia |
16 Oktober 2006 | Maret 2007 | Andreas Krause | Jerman |
Maret 2007 | September 2007 | Karl-Wilhelm Bollow | Jerman |
September 2007 | Saiki | Christian Luther | Jerman |
Cathetan
[besut | besut sumber]- ↑ a b "Extracts relating to Article 98 of the Charter of the United Nations: Supplement No 5 (1970 - 1978)" (PDF). Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs. United Nations. kc. §275–279. Diarsip saka sing asli (PDF) ing 2012-02-07. Dibukak ing 2006-08-06.
- ↑ a b "Extracts relating to Article 98 of the Charter of the United Nations: Supplement No 6 (1979 - 1984)" (PDF). Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs. United Nations. kc. §185–§199. Diarsip saka sing asli (PDF) ing 2012-02-07. Dibukak ing 2006-08-06.
- ↑ http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=23593&Cr=lebanon&Cr1=
- ↑ United Nations Security Council extends UN force in Lebanon until 31 July, unanimously adopting Resolution 1655 (2006) Retrieved on 2006-08-12
- ↑ United Nations Security Council extends United Nations force in Lebanon, unanimously adopting Resolution 1697 (2006) Retrieved on 2006-08-12
- ↑ United Nations Security Council calls for end to hostilities between Hizbollah, Israèl, unanimously adopting Resolution 1701 (2006) Retrieved on 2006-08-12
- ↑ a b c d e Asian Tribune U.N. Force Looks More European, Less Multinational Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ a b Komunikasi Expatica Loro jendral Bèlgi tugas ing Libanon [1] Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Brudirect.com News Brunei Troops To Join Malaysia In Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Daily Express Accord on Trans-Borneo Highway Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Naharnet Bulgaria Approves Sending 160-Crew Frigate to Lebanon Accessed September 30, 2006
- ↑ MonstersandCritics.com Lebanon latest hotspot as China deploys peacekeepers Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ a b Haaretz China to send as many as 1,000 peackeeping troops to Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Danish Navy 2 missilfartøjer men ingen korvet til Libanon Accessed October 2, 2006
- ↑ Helsingin Sanomat President approves Lebanon force Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ a b c Herald Tribune Ireland to deploy 150 troops to United Nations force in Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ a b EiTB24 Italian troops land in Lebanon strengthening renewed UNIFIL. Retrieved 14 September 2006. [pranala mati]
- ↑ FrontPageMagazine.com Making the Ceasefire Stick. Retrieved 14 September 2006.
- ↑ Associated Press French Tanks Give Teeth to U.N. Force Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Forbes France in Lebanon: the strength of hesitation Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ a b MonstersandCritics.com Germany sends troops to Lebanon[pranala mati permanèn] Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ a b c d China Daily Germany oks Lebanon mission Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ a b c Raw Story Media, Inc. UN opens meeting on Lebanon troops Archived 2009-07-25 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ "Greece begins its peacekeeping drive in Lebanon: Frigate has orders to fire if need be". Kathimerini. 2006-09-09.
{{cite news}}
: Text "url:http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_100004_09/09/2006_74016" ignored (pitulung) - ↑ IndianMuslims.info India to keep existing troops in UNIFIL for 'time being' Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ a b Raw Story Media, Inc. Indonesian soldiers off to Lebanon in late September Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Helsingin Sanomat Indonesian leader praises Finns for contribution to Aceh peace process Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ The Irish Times 150 Irish troops to join UN interim force in Lebanon[pranala mati permanèn] Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Italian Army [2] Accessed April 3, 2007
- ↑ ANSA Peacekeepers need political support[pranala mati permanèn] Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Jung, Sung-ki (June 21, 2007). "Peacekeeping Unit for Lebanon Created". Koréa Times. Koréa Times. Dibukak ing 31 August 2007.
- ↑ "South Korean troops arrive in Lebanon to join UN peacekeepers". The Associated Press. Haaretz, Israèl News. July 19, 2007. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 26 August 2007. Dibukak ing 31 August 2007.
- ↑ Korea Picks Site for Military Camp in Lebanon, Koréa Times. Koréa Times, April 6, 2007, Retrieved on August 31, 2007.
- ↑ Bernama.com
- ↑ Malaysia's Prime Minister's Office
- ↑ a b Islamic Republic News Agency Nepal to send 850 troops to war torn Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ a b PeaceJournalism.com Annan Ends his Visit to Beirut after Touring War-Ravaged South Lebanon Archived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ a b Netherlands Ministry of Defence NEDERLANDS MARINESCHIP NAAR LIBANON Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed October 2, 2006
- ↑ a b Herald Tribune Norway to send four ships, crew to U.N. peacekeeping force for Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Sending MTBs Accessed October 2, 2006
- ↑ Raw Story Media, Inc. Poland to boost Lebanon UNIFIL force to 500 troops Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Naharnet Portuguese UNIFIL Troops to Head to Lebanon Next Week Accessed October 28, 2006
- ↑ Syrian Arab News Agency Russia Sends 1200 Soldiers to Lebanon Archived 2009-07-25 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ People's Daily Online Spanish troops hope to help speed up Israèli withdrawal from Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Daily Star Western envoys discuss deployments to UNIFIL Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Swedish armed forces HMS Gävle på väg søderut Archived 2006-10-01 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed October 2, 2006
- ↑ a b Turkish Weekly The Turkish UNIFIL Troops Set off for Lebanon Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed November 9, 2006
Uga delengen
[besut | besut sumber]- Bregman, Ahron (2002). Israèl's Wars: A History Since 1947. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-28716-2
- Operation Litani
- Lebanese Civil War
- South Lebanon conflict
- 2006 Israèl-Lebanon conflict
- 1996 shelling of Qana
Sumber
[besut | besut sumber]- GlobalSecurity.org Lebanon
Pranala njaba
[besut | besut sumber]Wikimedia Commons duwé médhia ngenani UNIFIL. |
- UNIFIL - UN official mandate
- UNIFIL Deployment as of 2006 July
- UNIFILvereniging, Dutch association for Unifil veterans
- Site with Pictures and stories of Dutch peacekeepers attached to UNIFIL in 1979
- UNIFIL Quip of the Day
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