Tetrapoda

Tetrapoda Teksiran kala: 365–0 Ma PraЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Late Devonian to Recent
A Komodo dragon
Klasifikasi èlmiah
Krajan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Subfilum:	Vertebrata
Superkelas:	Tetrapoda Broili, 1913
Classes
Amphibia Aves Mammalia Reptilia Synapsida

Tetrapoda (Yunani τετραποδη tetrapoda, Latin quadrupedal, "sikil papat") iku sato kéwan vertebrata sing sikilé papat, sikil utawa kaya sikil. Amphibi, reptil, dinosaurus / unggas, lan mamalia minangka bagéan saka tetrapoda, lan malah ula sing ora duwé uga arupa tetrapoda miturut katurunan. Tetrapoda awal asalé saka Sarcopterygii utawa iwak mawa sirip lobus.

Evolusi

Riset déning Jennifer Clack nuduhaké yèn tetrapoda ing jaman kapungkur mung urip ing banyu lan ora bisa urip ing dharatan. Sadurungé iku, diprecaya yèn iwak kudu munggah menyang dharatan – kanggo golèk pangan utawa golèk banyu nalika banyu panggonan uripé wiwit asat. Diprecaya yèn sabanjuré tuwuh sikil, paru-paru lan pérangan awak liyané supaya bisa urip luwih apik ing dharatan. Habitat tetrapoda ora mung ing banyu tawa. Rawa-rawa kaya, laguna ing pinggir pesisir lan delta kali uga dadi habitat liyané.

Klompok Tetrapoda

Pederpes finneyae

Lyddekerina huxleyi

Benthosuchus sushkini

Sawetara taksonomi tetrapoda:

• Phylum Chordata
  • • Class Sarcopterygii
      • Subclass Tetrapodomorpha
        • Eusthenopteron
        • Panderichthys
        • Tiktaalik
        • Ventastega
  • Superclass Tetrapoda
    • • • Family Elginerpetontidae
        • Family Acanthostegidae
        • Family Ichthyostegidae
        • Hynerpeton
        • Family Tulerpeton
        • Family Crassigyrinidae
        • Family Loxommatidae
        • Family Colosteidae
        • Family Whatcheeriidae
        • Family Diadectes
    • Batrachomorpha (directly above, below, or redundant to Amphibia)
    • Class Amphibia — Amphibians
      • Subclass Lepospondyli
      • Subclass Temnospondyli
      • Subclass Lissamphibia — frogs, salamanders
    • Superorder Reptiliomorpha contains among others:
      • Series Amniota, which contains among others:
        • Class Reptilia — Reptiles
        • Class Aves — Birds
        • Class Synapsida — Mammal-like reptiles
        • Class Mammalia — Mammals

Phylogeny

Cladogram modified after Ruta, Jeffery, & Coates (2003).

Tetrapoda

Acanthostega Ichthyostega Hynerpeton Tulerpeton Whatcheeriidae Crassigyrinus Caerorhachis Gephyrostegidae Eoherpetontidae Embolomeri Seymouriamorpha  Crown group Tetrapoda  Crown Amniota Diadectomorpha Crown Amniota  Lepospondyli  Nectridea Adelospondyli Aistopoda  Microsauria  Tuditanomorpha Microbrachomorpha Lysorophidae Microbrachomorphs Crown Lissamphibia* Tuditanomorphs Baphetidae  Temnospondyli  Colosteidae Edopoidea Trimerorhachoidea Eryopoidea Dissorophoidea Archegosauroidea Rhinesuchidae Rhytidosteidae Chigutisauridae Plagiosauridae Brachyopidae Mastodonsauroidea Metoposauroidea Trematosauroidea