On the Origin of Species

Asal-usul Spesies (On the Origin of Species) déning Charles Darwin (terbit taun 1859) iku karya wigati sajeroning literatur èlmiyah lan dianggep tonggak sajeroning téyori évolusi. Irah-irahan jangkepé ya iku On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Ngenani Asal-usul Spesies liwat Cara Seleksi Alam, utawa Panglestarèn Golongan sajeroning Perjuwangan kanggo Urip). Buku iki nepungaké téyori èlmiyah yèn populasi ngalami évolusi saka génerasi menyang génerasi liwat prosès seleksi alam. Isi buku iki kontrovèrsial amarga nentang téyori panyiptan miturut kapercayan agama, lan wujud panyetus timbulé èlmu ajeneng biologi ing abad kaping 19. Buku sing ditulis déning Darwin wujud asil èkspèdhisi lauté mawa kapal layar HMS Beagle ing taun 1830-an, lan diterusaké kanthi panylidikan lan èksperimèn sawisa bali manèd saka èkspèdhisi.

Buku iki akèh narik kawigatèn wong, wong sing ora ahli waé bisa maca buku iki. Buku iki kontrovèrsia bangetl lan njalari akèh padhebatan ing babagan sains, filsafat, lan agama. Téyori èlmiyah ngenani évolusi uga wis ngévolusi tinimbang téyori awal sing ditulis Darwin, nanging seleksi alam tetep dadi téyori èlmiyah sing paling akèh ditampa kanggo njelasaké évolusi saka sawijining spésies. Kontrovèrsi téyori panyiptan lan téyori évolusi terus dumadi tekan saiki.

Ringkesan téyori Darwin

Téyori Darwin didhasaraké pangamatan wigati lan kesimpulané.

1. Spesies dhasaré duwé fertilitas sing dhuwur banget. Cacahing keturunan sing dilairaké luwih akèh saka keturunan sing bisa tekan umur diwasa.
2. Populasi kira-kira tetep cacahé padha, kantho owah-owahan sithik.
3. Sumber panganan iku winates, nanging rélatif stabil sajeroning jangka wektu suwé.
4. Mula dumadi perjuwangan kanthi implisit kanggo tetep urip
5. Ing spésies sing nglakoni réproduksi kanthi sèksual, racaké ora ana loro indhividhu sing padha persis utawa idhèntik.
6. Sapérangan variasi sajeroning spésies kanthi langsung mangaruhi kamampuan indhividhu kanggo tetep lestari sajeroning kaanan alam tinentu.
7. Sapérangan gedhé variasi iki asifat turunan.
8. Indhividhu sing kurang selaras karo lingkungan papan dunungé duwé kamungelan tetep lestari urip sing luwih cilik lan mungel bakal luwih akèh nglakoni réprodhuksi.
9. Indhividhu sing slamet kamungelan gedhé bakal nurunaké ciri-ciri sing diduwèni marang génerasi sabanjuré.
10. Prosès sing njalari owah-owahan iki ngasilaké populasi sing alon-alon bisa adhaptasi karo lingkungan, lan ing tembe wuri, sawisé dumadi terus-terusan bakal kawangun karagaman sing anyar, lan pungkasané spésies anyar.

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Pranala njaba

• The complete work of Charles Darwin online: Table of contents, bibliografi saka On the Origin of Species:
  Kaloroné isiné tèks jangkep The Origin of Species sajeroning kabèh èdhisi, kalebu pertalan basa Jerman, Denmark, lan Rusia.

Sumber liya:

• Tèks jangkep èdhisi pisanan mawa format pdf ing Univèrsitas New South Wales
• Tèks jangkep èdhisi pisanan ing situs web Talk Origins
• Origin of Species, 1st Edition, ing Proyèk Gutenberg
• Origin of Species, 6th Edition, ing Proyèk Gutenberg
• DarwinMiscSep99 Owah-owahan sajeroning enem èdhisi saka taun 1859 nganti taun 1872.
• Victorian Science Texts