On the Origin of Species

''On the Origin of Species
by Means of Natural Selection''

Kaca irah-irahan of On the Origin of Species terbitan taun 1859
Pangarang	Charles Darwin
Negara	Britania Raya
Basa	Inggris
Topik utama	téori évolusi
Penerbit	John Murray
Tanggal terbit	24 November 1859
Jinis media	buku (samak atos & samak tipis)
ISBN	ora ana

Asal-usul Spesies (On the Origin of Species) déning Charles Darwin (terbit taun 1859) iku karya wigati jroning literatur èlmiyah lan dianggep minangka tonggak sajroning téori évolusi. Irah-irahan jangkepé yaiku On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Ngenani Asal-usul Spesies liwat Cara Seleksi Alam, utawa Panglestarèn Klompok jroning Perjuwangan kanggo Urip). Buku iki nepungaké téori èlmiyah yèn populasi ngalami évolusi saka generasi menyang generasi liwat prosès seleksi alam. Isi buku iki kontrovèrsial amarga nentang téori panyiptan miturut kapercayan agama, lan arupa panyetus timbulé èlmu ajeneng biologi ing abad kaping 19. Buku sing ditulis déning Darwin arupa asil èkspèdhisi lauté mawa kapal layar HMS Beagle ing taun 1830-an, lan diterusaké kanthi panylidikan lan èksperimèn sawisa bali manèd saka èkspèdhisi.

Buku iki akèh narik kawigatèn wong, wong sing ora ahli waé bisa maca buku iki. Buku iki kontrovèrsia bangetl lan njalari akèh padhebatan ing bidang sains, filsafat, lan agama. Téori èlmiyah ngenani évolusi uga wis ngévolusi tinimbang téori awal sing ditulis Darwin, nanging seleksi alam tetep dadi téori èlmiyah sing paling akèh ditampa kanggo njelasaké évolusi saka sawijining spesies. Kontrovèrsi téori panyiptan lan téori évolusi terus dumadi tekan saiki.

Ringkesan téori Darwin

Téori Darwin didhasaraké pangamatan wigati lan kesimpulané.

1. Spesies dhasaré duwé fertilitas sing dhuwur banget. Cacahing keturunan sing dilairaké luwih akèh saka keturunan sing bisa tekan umur diwasa.
2. Populasi kira-kira tetep cacahé padha, kantho owah-owahan sithik.
3. Sumber panganan iku winates, nanging rélatif stabil jroning jangka wektu suwé.
4. Mula dumadi perjuwangan sacara implisit kanggo tetep urip
5. Ing spesies sing nglakoni réproduksi sacara seksual, biasané ora ana loro indhividhu sing padha persis utawa idhèntik.
6. Sapérangan variasi jroning spesies sacara langsung mangaruhi kamampuan indhividhu kanggo tetep lestari jroning kahanan alam tinentu.
7. Sebagéyan gedhé variasi iki asifat turunan.
8. Indhividhu sing kurang selaras karo lingkungan papan dunungé duwé kamungelan tetep lestari urip sing luwih cilik lan mungel bakal luwih akèh nglakoni réprodhuksi.
9. Indhividhu sing slamet kamungelan gedhé bakal nurunaké ciri-ciri sing diduwèni marang generasi sabanjuré.
10. Prosès sing njalari owah-owahan iki ngasilaké populasi sing alon-alon bisa adhaptasi karo lingkungan, lan ing tembe wuri, sawisé dumadi terus-terusan bakal kawangun karagaman sing anyar, lan pungkasané spesies anyar.

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Pranala njaba

• The complete work of Charles Darwin online: Table of contents, bibliografi saka On the Origin of Species:
  Kaloroné isiné tèks jangkep The Origin of Species jroning kabèh èdhisi, klebu pertalan basa Jerman, Denmark, lan Rusia.

Sumber liya:

• Tèks jangkep èdhisi pisanan mawa format pdf ing Univèrsitas New South Wales
• Tèks jangkep èdhisi pisanan ing situs web Talk Origins
• Origin of Species, 1st Edition, ing Proyèk Gutenberg
• Origin of Species, 6th Edition, ing Proyèk Gutenberg
• DarwinMiscSep99 Owah-owahan jroning enem èdhisi saka taun 1859 nganti taun 1872.
• Victorian Science Texts