John Couch Adams

John Couch Adams
Photo c. 1870
Lair	(1819-06-05)5 Juni 1819 Laneast, Launceston, Cornwall, United Kingdom
Pati	21 Januari 1892(1892-01-21) (umur 72) Cambridge Observatory Cambridgeshire, England
Bangsa	British
Alma mater	University of Cambridge
Karièr ngèlmiah
Juru pamrayoga	John Hymers

John Couch Adams Fellow of the Royal Society inggih punika salah satunggaling astronom lan ilmuwan matematika saking Inggris ingkang miyos wonten ing tanggal 5 Juni 1819 lan séda ing tanggal 21 Januari 1892. Adams miyos wonten ing ing Laneast caket kaliyan tlatah Launceston, Cornwall lan séda ing Cambridge.

Prestasi

Asiling prestasinipun ingkang paling misuwur inggih nalika saged paring predhiksi kawontenanipun lan posisinipun planit Neptunus kanthi namung ngginakaken ngèlmu matematika. Pétanganipun dipundamel kanggé ngandharaken pabédaning kaliyan orbit Uranus lan kukum fisika saking Johannes Kepler lan Isaac Newton. Wonten ing wekdal ingkang sami, nanging boten sami dipunmangertosi déning satunggal tiyang kaliyan tiyang sanèsipun, pétangan ingkang sami ugi dipundamel déning Urbain Le Verrier. Le Verrier badhé mbiyantu astronom saking Observatorium Berlin, Johann Gottfried Galle kanggé manggihaken planit ing tanggal 23 September 1846 ingkang kapanggih wonten ing jarak slisih 1 ° saking papan ingkang sampun dipunpredhiksi, sattunggaling titik geometri ing rasi lintang Aquarius. John Couch Adams inggih punika satunggaling profésor saking Lowndean ing babagan astronomi lan Geometri ing University of Cambridge ingkang dangunipun tigang dasa tiga taun saking taun 1859 saking sedanipun. Piyambakipun ugi sampun naté pikantuk medali emas saking Royal Astronomical Society ing taun 1866. Lan wonten ing taun 1884, piyambakipun rawuh wonten ing adicara International Meridian Conference minangka wakil kanggé Britania Raya lan Irlandia, Inggris. Satunggaling kawah wonten ing bulan ugi dipunparingi nama piyambakipun sasampunipun piyambakipun sesarengan kaliyan Walter Sydney Adams lan Charles Hitchcock Adams manggihaken kawah punika. Ali-ali Neptunus lan satunggaling asteroid kanthi nama 1996 Adams ugi dipunparingi namanipun piyambakipun sasampunipun dipunanggihaken déning Adams. Satunggaling penghargaan, Adams Prize' inggih dipunwontenaken denig Universitas Cambridge kanggé ngurmati lan ngenang asiling predhiksinipun saking posisinipun planit Neptunus. Perpustakaan pribadhinipun sak punika sampun dipunrawat déning pabukon Universitas Cambridge (Cambridge University Library).

Penghargaan

John Couch Adams sampun naté pikantuk kathah penghargaan saking kathah lembaga, ing antawisipun inggih kados makaten:

• Piyambakipun inggih dipunparingi gelar minangka ksatria déning Ratu Victoria ing taun 1847 ing Cambridge.
• Anggota kehormatan Luar Negeri saking American Academy of Arts and Sciences ing taun 1847.
• Copley medal saking Royal Society ing taun 1848;
• Adams Prize, ingkang dipundhirikaken déning anggota kolega St John, ingkang badhé dipunparingaken kalih taun sapisan kanggé ilmuwan paling saé ing babagan subjek ngèlmu matematika.
• Présidhèn Royal Astronomical Society ing taun 1851-1853 lan ing taun 1874-1876.

Bibliografi

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Obituari

• The Times, 22 January 1892, p. 6 col.d (link on this page)
• [Anon.] (1892). "John Couch Adams". Astronomical Journal 11: 112. Bibcode:1892AJ.....11..112.. doi:10.1086/101653. 
• [J. W. L. Glaisher] (1892). "Obituary: John Couch Adams". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 53: 184. 
• J. W. L. Glaisher (1892). "John Couch Adams". The Observatory 15: 173. Bibcode:1892Obs....15..173G. 
• [Anon.] (1891-2) Journal of the British Astronomical Association 2: 196–7

Adams lan pamanggihipun bab planit Neptunus

• Airy, G. B. (1847). "Account of some circumstances historically connected with the discovery of the planit exterior to Uranus". Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society 16: 385–414. 
• Airy, W. (ed.) (1896). The Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy. Cambridge University Press.  from Project Gutenberg
• [Anon.] (1911) "John Couch Adams, Encyclopaedia Britannica
• Baum, R. & Sheehan, W. (1997). In Search of Planet Vulcan: The Ghost in Newton's Clockwork Universe. Plenum. 
• Chapman, A. (1988). "Private research and public duty: George Biddell Airy and the search for Neptune". Journal for the History of Astronomy 19 (2): 121–139. Bibcode:1988JHA....19..121C. 
• de la Rue, W. (1866). "Address on award of RAS gold medal for work on secular acceleration of the Moon". Monthly Notes of the Royal Astronomical Society 26: 157. 
• Doggett, L. E. (1997) "Celestial mechanics", in Lankford, J. (ed.) (1997). History of Astronomy, an Encyclopedia. kk. 131–40. 
• Dreyer, J. L. E. & Turner, H. H. (eds) (1987) [1923]. History of the Royal Astronomical Society [1]: 1820–1920. kk. 161–2. 
• Grosser, M. (1962). The Discovery of Neptune. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-21225-8. 
• — (1970). "Adams, John Couch". Dictionary of Scientific Biography 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. kk. 53–54. ISBN 0-684-10114-9. 
• Harrison, H. M (1994). Voyager in Time and Space: The Life of John Couch Adams, Cambridge Astronomer. Lewes: Book Guild, ISBN 0-86332-918-7
• Hughes, D. W. (1996). "J. C. Adams, Cambridge and Neptune". Notes and Records of the Royal Society 50 (2): 245–8. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1996.0027. 
• Hutchins, R. (2004) "Adams, John Couch (1819–1892)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, accessed 23 August 2007 (Kudu langganan utawa dadi anggota pabukon umum Karajan Manunggal)
• J. W. L. G. [J. W. L. Glaisher] (1882–3). "James Challis". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 43: 160–79. 
• Kollerstrom, Nick (2001). "Neptune's Discovery. The British Case for Co-Prediction.". University College London. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2005-11-11. Dijupuk 2007-03-19. 
• Kushner, D. (1989). "The controversy surrounding the secular acceleration of the moon's mean motion". Archive for History of Exact Sciences 39 (4): 291–316. Bibcode:1989AHES...39..291K. 
• Moore, P. (1996). The Planet Neptune: An Historical Survey before Voyager. Praxis. 
• Sampson, R.A. (1904). "A description of Adams's manuscripts on the perturbations of Uranus". Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society 54: 143–161. 
• Sheehan, W. & Thurber, S. (2007). "John Couch Adams's Asperger syndrome and the British non-discovery of Neptune". Notes and Records of the Royal Society 61 (3): 285–299. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2007.0187. 
• Sheehan, W. et al. (2004). The Case of the Pilfered Planet - Did the British steal Neptune? Scientific American
• Smart, W. M. (1946). "John Couch Adams and the discovery of Neptune". Nature 158 (4019): 829–830. Bibcode:1946Natur.158..648S. doi:10.1038/158648a0. 
• — (1947). "John Couch Adams and the discovery of Neptune". Occasional Notes of the Royal Astronomical Society 2: 33–88. 
• Smith, R. W. (1989). "The Cambridge network in action: the discovery of Neptune". Isis 80 (303): 395–422. doi:10.1086/355082. 
• Standage, T. (2000). The Neptune File. Penguin Press.