Triklosan
Triklosan (kadhangkala dicekak dadi TCS ) minangka agèn antibaktèri lan antijamur sing ana ing sawetara prodhuk konsumén, kalebu pasta untu, sabun[1], déterjén, bahan dolanan, lan perawatan reresik bedhah. Iki padha karo panggunaan lan mekanisme tumindak kanggo triklokarban. Èfèktivitas minangka agèn antimikroba, risiko resisténsi antimikroba, lan peran sing bisa nyebabaké pangembangan hormon keganggu tetep kontroversial. Risèt tambahan ngupayakaké ngerti pengaruh potensial ing organisme lan kesehatan lingkungan. Triklosan dikembangaké ing taun 1960an.[2] Ora nemokaké mupangat kanggo konsumén lan diwènèhi risiko resistènsi antibiotik, ing Dèsèmber 2017, FDA ngumumaké "cuci antiseptik konsumén" sing ngemot triklosan utawa 23 bahan liyané sing dipasaraké amarga antimikroba dilarang tanpa persetujuan sadurunge pasar.[3] FDA nemokaké yén triklosan ing pasta gigi Colgate Total mbantu nyegah gingivitis. Panalitèn taun 2006 nyaranaké siraman nganggo triklosan 2% minangka regimèn ing unit bedah kanggo nyingkiraké kulit pasièn saka resistèn methicillin Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Struktur triklosan
[besut | besut sumber]Iki senyawa organik iki wujudé bubuk putih ambuné ora ènak. Dikategorikaké dadi fenoloksi fenoksi polychloro, triklosan minangka senyawa arom klorinasi sing nduwéni gugus fungsional kanggo érther lan fènol . Phenol asring nduduhaké sifat antibaktèri. Triklosan larut ing etanol, methanol, ether diethil, lan solusi dhasar kayata larutan natrium hidroksida 1 M, nanging mung larut ing banyu.[4] Triklosan bisa disintésis saka 2,4-dichlorophenol.
Guna triklosan
[besut | besut sumber]Triklosan digunakaké minangka scrub rumah sakit ing taun 1970-an. Wiwit wektu iku, ditambahi iklan lan saiki bakal umum ing Sabun (0.10-1.00%), sampo, déodoran, odol, cuwéran pangumbah cangkem, reresik penyetor, lan pestisida .[5] Minangka bagéan saka produk konsumén, kalebu piranti pawon, dolanan, spréi, kaos sikil, lan kanthong sampah.[5][6]
Ing kasarasan, triklosan digunakaké ing scrub operasilan sanitasi tangan.[7] Gunakaké ing unit operasi éféktif kanthi wektu kontak minimal udakara rong menit.[8][9] Paling anyar, siraman kanthi triklosan 2% wis dadi regimén sing disaranaké ing unit bedhah kanggo dékolonisasi pasien sing kulit nggawa Staphylococcus aureus resisten methicillin (MRSA).[10] Rong studi kasus cilik sing ora dikontrol nglaporaké panggunaan triklosan sing ana gandhengané karo pangurangan infeksi MRSA.[8][9]
Triklosan uga digunakaké ing lapisan kanggo jahitan bedhah .[11][12] Ana bukti sing becik jahitan dilapisi triklosan iki nyuda risiko infeksi balika bedhah.[13][14] Organisasi Kesehatan Donya, American College of Surgeons and the Surgical Infection Society nuduhaké keuntungan saka jahitan kalapis triklosan kanggo nyuda resiko infeksi ing bedah.[15][16]
Triklosan digunakaké minangka agèn selèktif ing kloning molekul. Babagan baktèri sing diowahi karo plasmid sing nduwé gen FabI mutan tahan triklosan (mFabI) minangka tandha sing bisa dipilih bisa tuwuh ing ngarsané dosis triklosan sing dhuwur ing média pertumbuhan.
Èfèk triklosan
[besut | besut sumber]Ing pirang-pirang panalitèn nemokaké triklosan bisa nyebabaké gangguan hormon, resistensi baktèri lan alergi kulit sing diarani dermatitis kontak.[17] Amarga masalah kasarasan sing potènsial, amarga ana kemungkinan résistènsi antimikroba, gangguan éndokrin lan masalah liyané kaya ing ngisor iki, triklosan ditetepaké minangka "kontaminan saka kuatir sing muncul (CEC)", tegesé diselidiki kanggo risiko kesehatan masyarakat. "Bahan cemar sing muncul" bisa sacara umum ditetepaké minangka bahan kimia sintetis utawa alami utawa mikroorganisme sing umumé ora dimonitor ing lingkungan nanging duwéni potènsi lumebu lingkungan lan nyebabaké èfèk èkologis utawa èfèk kesehatan manungsa sing dingerteni utawa dicurigani.[18] Triklosan dianggep nglumpukaké ing banyu limbah lan bali menyang banyu ngombè, mula nyebaraké reaksi sing bisa nyebabaké èfèk nalika nggunakaké terus-terusan.
Paripustaka
[besut | besut sumber]- ↑ Afifah, Fadhila (2019-01-08). "Triclosan adalah bahan aktif antibakteri sabun yang berbahaya bagi kulit | theAsianparent Indonesia". id.theasianparent.com (ing basa Indonesia). Dibukak ing 2021-04-08.
- ↑ Boyce, JM; Pittet, D; Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory, Committee.; HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task, Force. (25 October 2002). "Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Association for Professionals in Infection Control/Infectious Diseases Society of America". MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 51 (RR-16): 1–45, quiz CE1–4. PMID 12418624.
- ↑ "5 Things to Know About Triclosan". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 16 May 2019. Dibukak ing 12 September 2019.
- ↑ "Table 3: Solubility of triclosan in selected solvents and chemicals - Figures and Tables". copublications.greenfacts.org. Dibukak ing 2018-12-19.
- ↑ a b Thompson, A.; Griffin, P.; Stuetz, R.; Cartmell, E. (2005). "The Fate and Removal of Triclosan during Wastewater Treatment". Water Environment Research. 77 (1): 63–67. doi:10.2175/106143005X41636. JSTOR 25045839. PMID 15765937.
- ↑ Cithakan:HPD
- ↑ Food and Drug Administration (17 June 1994). "Federal Register Notice: Tentative Final Monograph for OTC Healthcare Antiseptic Drug Products" (PDF).
- ↑ a b Brady, L.M.; Thomson, M; Palmer, M.A.; Harkness, J. L. (1990). "Successful control of endemic MRSA in a cardiothoracic surgical unit". The Medical Journal of Australia. 152 (5): 240–45. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb120917.x. PMID 2255283.
- ↑ a b Zafar, A.B.; Butler, R.C.; Reese, D.J.; Gaydos, L.A.; Mennonna, P.A. (1995). "Use of 0.3% triclosan (Bacti-Stat) to eradicate an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal nursery". American Journal of Infection Control. 23 (3): 200–08. doi:10.1016/0196-6553(95)90042-X. PMID 7677266.
- ↑ Coia, J.E.; Duckworth, G.J.; Edwards, D.I.; Farrington, M.; Fry, C.; Humphreys, H.; Mallaghan, C.; Tucker, D.R.; Joint Working Party of the British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2006). "Guidelines for the control and prevention of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in healthcare facilities". Journal of Hospital Infection. 63: S1–44. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2006.01.001. PMID 16581155.
- ↑ Tobias, Karen M.; Johnston, Spencer A. (2013-12-26). Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal: 2-Volume Set. Elsevier Health Sciences. kc. 190. ISBN 9780323263375. Dibukak ing 26 January 2016.
Triclosan is a commonly used antibiotic coating
- ↑ Singer, Adam J.; Hollander, Judd E.; Blumm, Robert M. (2010). Skin and Soft Tissue Injuries and Infections: A Practical Evidence Based Guide. PMPH-USA. kc. 95. ISBN 9781607950295. Dibukak ing 26 January 2016.
Examples of antibacterial sutures that are coated with the antibacterial agent triclosan include... In many institutions these have replaced the comparable non-antibacterial sutures.
- ↑ Wang, Z.X.; Jiang, C.P.; Cao, Y.; Ding, Y.T. (March 2013). "Systematic review and meta-analysis of triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical-site infection". British Journal of Surgery. 100 (4): 465–73. doi:10.1002/bjs.9062. PMID 23338685.
- ↑ Renko, M; Paalanne, N; Tapiainen, T; Hinkkainen, M; Pokka, T; Kinnula, S; Sinikumpu, JJ; Uhari, M; Serlo, W (January 2017). "Triclosan-containing sutures versus ordinary sutures for reducing surgical site infections in children: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 17 (1): 50–57. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30373-5. PMID 27658562.
- ↑ "The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated guideline now include a recommendation for Triclosan-Coated Sutures | Ethicon". www.ethicon.com. Ethicon. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2019-08-15. Dibukak ing 2021-04-16.
- ↑ Berríos-Torres, Sandra I.; Umscheid, Craig A.; Bratzler, Dale W.; Leas, Brian; Stone, Erin C.; Kelz, Rachel R.; Reinke, Caroline E.; Morgan, Sherry; Solomkin, Joseph S. (1 August 2017). "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 2017". JAMA Surgery. 152 (8): 784–91. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2017.0904. PMID 28467526.
- ↑ "Triclosan". Alodokter. 2015-12-14. Dibukak ing 2021-04-08.
- ↑ United States Geological Survey. Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Environment. Retrieved October 27, 2016, from http://toxics.usgs.gov/investigations/cec/index.php Archived 2016-10-29 at the Wayback Machine.