Hagia Sophia

Katon njaba Hagia Sophia, 2004

Katon njero Hagia Sophia, 1993

Hagia Sophia Basa Yunani:Ἁγία Σοφία; "Kawicaksanan Suci", Basa Turki:Ayasofya, Basa Latin:Sancta Sophia utawa Sancta Sapientia) kuwi sawijining panggonan, tilas gréja, banjur dadi masjid, saiki dadi museum, ing Istanbul, Turki. Misuwur kanthi kubahé kang gedhé, wangunan iki dianggep lambang utawa conto Arsitèktur Bizantium. Wangunan iki dadi katedral kang gedhé dhéwé sadonya sadurungé ana Katedral Seville.

Sejarah

Hagia Sophia yaiku bangunan kuno panilasan saka kekaisaran Romawi Wétan, kang ana ing tengah-tengah kuta Constantinopel.Bangunan Constantinopel sakdurungé kanthi jéneng Byzantium Constantinopel (280-337),kanthi mlakuné jaman semanauga ganti dadi jeneng Istabul, salah sijiné kuta kang misuwur ana ing Turki. Hagia Sophia kanggo gereja ana ing umat kristen wétan kang digawe Contantinus yaiku putrané Kaisar Constantine Agung, awalé awujud basilika kang ditahbisake ing tahun 360.Gereja iki ngalami arubah wujud saka bangunané karana kobongan lan gempa bumi. Ing masa kaisar Justinianus (527-565), Hagia Sophia kang ngelambangake kajayaan kekaisaran Romawi Wétan diresmikake ana ing tanggal 7 mei 558 lan pangrombakan wujudté bangunan ana ing awal abad-14.Sakjroning Contstantinopel tiba ana ing tangan tentara islam kang di pimpin ana ing Muhmud II (Muhammad al-Fatih, pamarentahan tahun 1444-1446 lan 1451-1481 ing tanggal 27 mei 1453, jeneng kuta diganti dadi Istabul lan didadekake ibu kuta Daulah Turki Usmani. Sakjroning Constantinopel bisa direbut, Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih ngumandangake takbir lan nglakuni sholat.Gereja Aya Sofia didadekake masjid lan dikenal karan masjid Aya Sofia (Hagia Sophia). Sakjroning limang abad dadi masjid, panguasa Turki kang jenenge Mustafa Kemal Ataturk ndadekake masjid Aya Sofia dadi museum ing sakjroning pangawasan pamarentah.

Galeri

Exterior

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  Early photograph showing the characteristic Ottoman stripes on the facade that were later removed (1880)
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  View from Sultanahmet Square
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  Closeup from the main entrance
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  View at night

Interior

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  View of the interior from the upper gallery
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  View of the Theotokos mosaic in the apse
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  Byzantine pillars and arches
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  Capital with monogramm
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  Gate to the outer narthex with mosaics
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  View of the Imperial Gate and the Loge of the Empress
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  The "Beautiful Gate"
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  Stele of St Gregory Thaumaturgus that is ascribed with miraculous powers
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  One of the runic inscriptions in Hagia Sophia, probably inscribed by members of the Varangian Guard

Upper Gallery

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  Upper Gallery at the Loge of the Empress
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  Side gallery
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  Byzantine pillars with mosaics, and Ottoman-era paintings
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  Mosaic of Emperor Alexander holding a scull
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  Closeup of the marble door with key and keyhole
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  Emperor Alexios I at the Komnenos mosaic
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  Carved cross on one of the marble panels
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  Closeup of one of the Seraphim at the dome
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  View onto the Blue Mosque from one of the windows

Èleèn Islam

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  The Loge of the Sultan, decorated by the Fossati brothers
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  The mimbar from where the imam preached
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  Large medaillons by the Fossati brothers, proclaiming the name of Allah and his prophet
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  Iznik tiles showing the Kaaba, located next to the apse
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  Illuminated Iraqi manuscript from the De Materia Medica (1224 CE), kept in the library
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  Ablution basins for cleaning before prayer, outside the main entrance

Lukisan sajarah

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  Sketch of the mosaics in the eastern main arch and the apsis, by the Fossati brothers when found in the 19th century
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  Sketch of the six patriarchs panel mosaics of the southern tympanon (by Fossati)
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  Sketch of the six patriarchs panel mosaics of the northern tympanon (by Fossati)

Delengen uga

• Church of the Holy Apostles - formerly the second most important church of Constantinople
• Hagia Irene - neighbouring church
• Chora Church
• Pammakaristos Church
• Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı - bath commissioned by Roxelana for the Hagia Sophia community

Referensi

• Mainstone, Rowland J. (1997). Hagia Sophia: Architecture, Structure, and Liturgy of Justinian's Great Church (reprint edition). W W Norton & Co Inc. ISBN 0-500-27945-4..
• Hagia Sophia Church, also known as Church of Holy Wisdom.
• Akṣit, Ilhan. Hagia Sophia. Akṣit Kültür ve Turizm Yayincilik. ISBN 975-7039-07-1.
• Turner, J. - Grove Dictionary of Art - Oxford University Press, USA; New Ed edition (January 2, 1996); ISBN 0-19-517068-7

Literatur

• Joseph D. Alchermes: Art and Architecture in the Age of Justinian, in: Michael Maas (Ed.): The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian. Cambridge 2005, pg. 343–375.
• Balfour, John Patrick Douglas (1972). Hagia Sophia. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-88225-014-4.
• Cimok, Fatih (2004). Hagia Sophia. Milet Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-975-7199-61-8.
• Doumato, Lamia (1980). The Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia: Selected references. Vance Bibliographies. ASIN B0006E2O2M.
• Goriansky, Lev Vladimir (1933). Haghia Sophia: analysis of the architecture, art and spirit behind the shrine in Constantinople dedicated to Hagia Sophia. American School of Philosophy. ASIN B0008C47EA.
• Howland Swift, Emerson (1937). The bronze doors of the gate of the horologium at Hagia Sophia. University of Chicago. ASIN B000889GIG.
• Kahler, Heinz (1967). Haghia Sophia. Praeger. ASIN B0008C47EA.
• Kinross, Lord (1972)). Hagia Sophia, Wonders of Man. Newsweek. ASIN B000K5QN9W. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (pitulung)
• Kleinbauer, W. Eugene (2007). Hagia Sophia. London: Scala Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85759-308-2. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (pitulung); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (pitulung)
• Kleinbauer, W. Eugene (2000). Saint Sophia at Constantinople: Singulariter in Mundo (Monograph (Frederic Lindley Morgan Chair of Architectural Design), No. 5.). William L. Bauhan. ISBN 978-0-87233-123-5.
• Krautheimer, Richard (1984). Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-05294-7.
• Mainstone, R. J. (1997). Hagia Sophia: Architecture, Structure, and Liturgy of Justinian's Great Church. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27945-8.
• Mainstone, Rowland J. (1988). Hagia Sophia. Architecture, structure and liturgy of Justinian's great church. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-34098-6. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (pitulung)
• Mango, Cyril (1997). Hagia Sophia. A vision for empires. Istanbul. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (pitulung)
• Nelson, Robert S. (2004). Hagia Sophia, 1850-1950: Holy Wisdom Modern Monument. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-57171-3.
• Özkul, T. A. (2007). Structural characteristics of Hagia Sophia: I-A finite element formulation for static analysis. Elsevier.
• Swainson, Harold (2005). The Church of Sancta Sophia Constantinople: A Study of Byzantine Building. Boston, MA: Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4021-8345-4.
• Yucel, Erdem (2005). Hagia Sophia. Scala Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85759-250-4.
• Hagia Sophia from the Age of Justinian to the Present. Princeton Architectural. 1992. ISBN 978-1-878271-11-2.

Mosaik

• MacDonald, William Lloyd (1951). The uncovering of Byzantine mosaics in Hagia Sophia. Archaeological Institute of America. ASIN B0007GZTKS.
• Mango, Cyril (1972). The mosaics of St. Sophia at Istanbul: The church fathers in the north Tympanum. Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. ASIN B0007CAVA0. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (pitulung)
• Mango, Cyril (1968). The Apse mosaics of St. Sophia at Istanbul: Report on work carried out in 1964. Johnson Reprints. ASIN B0007G5RBY. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (pitulung)
• Mango, Cyril (1967). Hagia Sophia: With a Chapter on the Mosaics. Praeger. ASIN B0000CO5IL. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (pitulung)
• Teteriatnikov, Natalia B. (1998). Mosaics of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul: The Fossati Restoration and the Work of the Byzantine Institute. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. ISBN 978-0-88402-264-0.
• Yücel, Erdem (1988). The mosaics of Hagia Sophia. Efe Turizm. ASIN B0007CBGYA.

Pranala njaba

• Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism | Hagia Sophia Virtual Tour
• Byzantium 1200 | Hagia Sophia computer reconstruction
• Contemporary description by Procopius, Buildings (De Aedificiis), published in 561.
• Interactive floor plan.
• YouTube | Hagia Sophia - Videos
• Ecunemical Patriarchate | Hagia Sophia - Photos
• Agia Sofia - history and pictures
• Hagia Sofia - The Holy Grail's Resting Place

Mosaik

• Mosaic Art Source | Hagia Sophia - detailed views
• Deesis Mosaic of Christ from the South Gallery of Hagia Sophia.