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Veganisme

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Veganisme minangka salah sawijining tumindak praktik nyegah panggunaan produk kewan, utamane ing diet, lan filsafat sing gegandhengan sing nolak status komoditas kewan . [a] Sawijining wong sing ngetutake diet utawa filsafat dikenal minangka vegan . Bedane bisa digawe ing antarane sawetara kategori veganisme. Vegetarian panganan, uga dikenal minangka " vegetarian ketat", ora ngonsumsi daging, endhog, produk susu, lan zat liyane sing asale saka kewan. [b] vegan etika, uga dikenal minangka "vegetarian moral", yaiku wong sing ora mung ngetutake pola panganan vegan nanging nyebar filosofi menyang wilayah liyane ing urip, lan nentang panggunaan kewan kanggo tujuan apa wae. [c] Istilah liya yaiku " veganisme lingkungan ", sing nuduhake panyegahan produk kewan ing premis yen pertanian industri kewan ngrusak lingkungan lan ora lestari .

Rujukan

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  1. ↑ Pedersen, Helena; Staescu, Vasile (2014). "Conclusion: Future Directions for Critical Animal Studies". Ing Taylor, Nik; Twine, Richard (èd.). The Rise of Critical Animal Studies: From the Margins to the Centre. Routledge. kc. 262–276. ISBN 978-1-135-10087-2.
  2. ↑ Gary Steiner, Animals and the Limits of Postmodernism, Columbia University Press, 2013, 206.
  3. ↑ Gary Francione, "Animal Welfare, Happy Meat and Veganism as the Moral Baseline", in David M. Kaplan, The Philosophy of Food, University of California Press, 2012 (169–189) 182.
  4. ↑ Laura Wright, The Vegan Studies Project: Food, Animals, and Gender in the Age of Terror, University of Georgia Press, 2015, 2.
  5. ↑ Brenda Davis, Vesanto Melina, Becoming Vegan: Express Edition, Summertown: Book Publishing Company, 2013, 3.
  6. ↑ Laura H. Kahn, Michael S. Bruner, "Politics on Your Plate: Building and Burning Bridges across Organics, Vegetarian, and Vegan Discourse", in Joshua Frye (ed.), The Rhetoric of Food: Discourse, Materiality, and Power, Routledge, 2012, 46.
  7. ↑ Tuso, P. J.; Ismail, M. H.; Ha, B. P.; Bartolotto, C (2013). "Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets". The Permanente Journal. 17 (2): 61–66. doi:10.7812/TPP/12-085. PMC 3662288. PMID 23704846.
  8. ↑ Francione, Gary Lawrence; Garner, Robert (2010). "The Abolition of Animal Exploitation". The Animal Rights Debate: Abolition Or Regulation? (Paperback). Critical Perspectives on Animals: Theory, Culture, Science, and Law. New York: Columbia University Press (dibabar 26 October 2010). ISBN 9780231149556. OCLC 705765194. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 20 April 2018. Dibukak ing 20 April 2018.
  9. ↑ Greenebaum, Jessica (29 April 2015). "Veganism, Identity and the Quest for Authenticity". Food, Culture & Society. 15 (1): 129–144. doi:10.2752/175174412x13190510222101. S2CID 145011543.
  1. ↑ For veganism and animals as commodities:Cithakan:Pb Helena Pedersen, Vasile Staescu (The Rise of Critical Animal Studies, 2014): "[W]e are vegan because we are ethically opposed to the notion that life (human or otherwise) can, or should, ever be rendered as a buyable or sellable commodity."[1]Cithakan:Pb Gary Steiner (Animals and the Limits of Postmodernism, 2013): " ... ethical veganism, the principle that we ought as far as possible to eschew the use of animals as sources of food, labour, entertainment and the like ... [This means that animals] ... are entitled not to be eaten, used as forced field labor, experimented upon, killed for materials to make clothing and other commodities of use to human beings, or held captive as entertainment."[2]Cithakan:Pb Gary Francione ("Animal Welfare, Happy Meat and Veganism as the Moral Baseline", 2012): "Ethical veganism is the personal rejection of the commodity status of nonhuman animals ..."[3]
  2. ↑ Laura Wright (The Vegan Studies Project, 2015): "[The Vegan Society] definition simplifies the concept of veganism in that it assumes that all vegans choose to be vegan for ethical reasons, which may be the case for the majority, but there are other reasons, including health and religious mandates, people choose to be vegan. Veganism exists as a dietary and lifestyle choice with regard to what one consumes, but making this choice also constitutes participation in the identity category of 'vegan'."[4]Cithakan:Pb Brenda Davis, Vesanto Melina (Becoming Vegan, 2013): "There are degrees of veganism. A pure vegetarian or dietary vegan is someone who consumes a vegan diet but doesn't lead a vegan lifestyle. Pure vegetarians may use animal products, support the use of animals in research, wear leather clothing, or have no objection to the exploitation of animals for entertainment. They are mostly motivated by personal health concerns rather than by ethical objections. Some may adopt a more vegan lifestyle as they are exposed to vegan philosophy."[5]Cithakan:Pb Laura H. Kahn, Michael S. Bruner ("Politics on Your Plate", 2012): "A vegetarian is a person who abstains from eating NHA [non-human animal] flesh of any kind. A vegan goes further, abstaining from eating anything made from NHA. Thus, a vegan does not consume eggs and dairy foods. Going beyond dietary veganism, 'lifestyle' vegans also refrain from using leather, wool or any NHA-derived ingredient."[6]Cithakan:Pb Vegetarian and vegan diets may be referred to as plant-based and vegan diets as entirely plant-based.[7]
  3. ↑ Gary Francione (The Animal Rights Debate, 2010): "Although veganism may represent a matter of diet or lifestyle for some, ethical veganism is a profound moral and political commitment to abolition on the individual level and extends not only to matters of food but also to the wearing or using of animal products."[8]:62Cithakan:Pb This terminology is controversial within the vegan community. While some vegan leaders, such as Karen Dawn, endorse efforts to avoid animal consumption for any reason; others, including Francione, believe that veganism must be part of an holistic ethical and political movement in order to support animal liberation. Accordingly, the latter group rejects the label "dietary vegan", referring instead to "strict vegetarians", "pure vegetarians", or followers of a plant-based diet.[9]
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