Cicero

Marcus Tullius Cicero
Cicero watara umur 60, arupa reca dhadha marmer
Lair	3 Januari, 106 SM Arpinum, Italy
Pati	7 Desember, 43 SM Formia, Italia
Pakarya	Pulitisi, ahli hukum, orator lan filsuf
Bangsa	Ancient Roman
Subyèk	pulitik, hukum, filsafat, wicara / pidhato
Obahan sastra	Golden Age Latin

Marcus Tullius Cicero (basa Latin klasik uniné [ˈkikeroː], biasané uniné /ˈsɪsəroʊ/ jroning basa Inggris; 3 Januari, 106 SM – 7 Desember, 43 SM) kuwi sawijining negarawan Romawi, ahli hukum, èlmuwan pulitik, lan filsuf. Cicero dianggep salah siji ahli pidhato (orator) kang paling pinter ing Roma, lan uga seniman prosa.

Cicero biasané dianggep salah siji pamikir budaya Romawi kang komplit lan sarwa bisa (versatile) lan tulisané dadi tuladha (paragon) tumrap Latin klasik. Cicero ngenalaké bab Romawi jroning pamikiran utama ing filsafat Yunani lan ngripta kosa kata ing filsafat Latin. Minangka ahli pidhato kang ngédap-édapi lan ahli hukum kang suksès, Cicero mbokmanawa mikir yèn karir pulitiké minangka prèstasi kang paling wigati. Ananging, dina iki Cicero luwih diregani utamané saka tulisané bab humanisme filsafat lan pulitik. Layang-layangé kang akèh banget, akèh-aké ditujokaké marang mitrané: Atticus, nduwèni pengaruh kang khusus, lan ngenalaké seni nulis layang tumrap budaya Eropah. Cornelius Nepos, panulis biografi Atticus saka abad ka-1 SM, nyathet yèn layangé Cicero marang Atticus ngandhut rincian "bab katundhukan / kacendherungan (inclination) para pamimpin, kasalahan / tanggung jawab (faults) para jendral, lan revolusi jroning pamaréntahan", kang para pamacané ora pati butuh bab sejarah mangsa kasebut. )

Karya

Cicero dinyatakaké minangka sawijining “righteous pagan” déning gréja Katulik jaman biyèn, lan sebab kuwi karya-karyané banjur dianggep perlu dilestarèkaké. Saint Augustine lan panulis liyané ngutip sacara bébas saka karya-karyané On The Republic lan On The Laws, lan sebab kuwi banjur bisa nyiptakaké manèh karya cuwilan kang isih ana. Cicero uga wis wiwit biyèn mratélakaké ringkesan konsèp hak-hak (manungsa?), adhedhasar hukum lan kabiasaan kuna.

Buku-buku

Buku-buku Cicero, enem bab pidhato isih slamet (ana), uga wolu kang isih slamet bab filsafat.

Delengen uga

• Titus Pomponius Atticus
• Caecilia Attica
• Quintus Tullius Cicero
• Marcus Tullius Tiro
• Tullia Ciceronis
• Category:Works by Cicero

Wacan terusan

• Francis A. Yates (1974). The Art of Memory, University of Chicago Press, 448 pages, Reprint: ISBN 0-226-95001-8
• Taylor Caldwell (1965), A Pillar of Iron, Doubleday & Company, Reprint: ISBN 0-385-05303-7

Referensi

• Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Cicero’s letters to Atticus, Vol, I, II, IV, VI, Cambridge University Press, Great Britain, 1965
• Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Latin extracts of Cicero on Himself, translated by Charles Gordon Cooper , University of Queensland Press, Brisbane, 1963
• Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Selected Political Speeches, Penguin Books Ltd, Great Britain, 1969
• Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Selected Works, Penguin Books Ltd, Great Britain, 1971
• Everitt, Anthony 2001, Cicero: the life and times of Rome's greatest politician, Random House, hardback, 359 pages, ISBN 0-375-50746-9
• Cowell, Cicero and the Roman Republic, Penguin Books Ltd, Great Britain, 1973
• Haskell, H.J.: (1946) This was Cicero, Fawcett publications, Inc. Greenwich, Conn. USA
• Gibbon, Edward. (1793). The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire., The Modern Library (2003), ISBN 0375758119. Edited, Abridged, and with a Critical Foreword by Hans-Friedrich Mueller.
• Gruen, Erich, The last Generation of the Roman Republic, University of California Press, USA, 1974
• March, Duane A., "Cicero and the 'Gang of Five'," Classical World, volume 82 (1989) 225-234
• Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, Penguin Books Ltd, Great Britain, 1972
• Rawson, Elizabeth (1975) Cicero, A portrait, Allen Lane, London ISBN 0-7139-0864-5
• Rawson, Elizabeth, Cicero, Penguin Books Ltd, Great Britain, 1975
• Scullard, H. H. From the Gracchi to Nero, University Paperbacks, Great Britain, 1968
• Smith, R. E., Cicero the Statesman, Cambridge University Press, Great Britain, 1966
• Strachan-Davidson, J. L., Cicero and the Fall of the Roman Republic, University of Oxford Press, London, 1936
• Taylor, H. (1918). Cicero: A sketch of his life and works. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.

Pranala njaba

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Cicero

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Marcus Tullius Cicero

• Umum:
  • Quotes with Cicero's teachings on oratory
  • Links to Cicero resources
  • University of Texas Cicero Homepage
  • The Internet Encyclopædia of Philosophy

• Karya Cicero:
  • Online Library of Liberty
  • Karyané Cicero ing Project Gutenberg
  • Perseus Project (Latin and English): Classics Collection (see: M. Tullius Cicero)
  • The Latin Library (Latin): Works of Cicero
  • UAH (Latin, with translation notes): Cicero Page
  • De Officiis, translated by Walter Miller
  • Cicero's works: text, concordances and frequency list
• Biografi lan deskripsi jamané Cicero:
  • At Project Gutenberg
    • Plutarch's biography of Cicero contained in the Parallel Lives
    • Life of Cicero by Anthony Trollope, Volume I – Volume II
    • Cicero by Rev. W. Lucas Collins (Ancient Classics for English Readers)
    • Roman life in the days of Cicero by Rev. Alfred J. Church
    • Social life at Rome in the Age of Cicero by W. Warde Fowler
  • At Heraklia website
  • Dryden's translation of Cicero from Plutarch's Parallel Lives
  • At Middlebury College website