Gustav Mahler

Gustav Mahler (7 Juli 1860-18 Mèi 1911) inggih punika minangka salah satunggaling komposer saking nagara Ostenrik. Piyambakipun dados misuwur nalika mimpin minangka satunggaling konduktor wonten ing gedung opera^[1]. Piyambakipun makarya minangka konduktor wiwit taun 1881. Wonten ing taun 1901 piyambakipun pindhah dhateng villa énggal wonten ing Danau Majernigg, Carinthia. Piyambakipun séda nalika taun 1911.^[2]^[3]

Karya[besut | besut sumber]

Simfoni[besut | besut sumber]

Symphony No. 1 in D major (?1884–1888; rev. 1893–1896; 2nd rev. 1906).
Symphony No. 2 in C minor (1888–1894; rev. 1903)
Symphony No. 3 in D minor (1893–1896; rev. 1906)
Symphony No. 4 in G major (1892, 1899–1900; rev. 1901–1910)
Symphony No. 5 in C-sharp minor/D major (1901–1902; scoring repeatedly rev.)
Symphony No. 6 in A minor (1903–1904; rev. 1906; scoring repeatedly rev.)
Symphony No. 7 in E minor (1904–1905; scoring repeatedly rev.)

American premiere of Mahler's Symphony No. 8

Symphony No. 8 in E-flat major (1906–1907)
Das Lied von der Erde (kanthi judhul A Symphony for One Tenor and One Alto (or Baritone) Voice and Orchestra, After Hans Bethge's "The Chinese Flute") (1908–1909)
Symphony No. 9 in D major (1908–1909)
Symphony No. 10 (1910–1911) (boten rampung; dipunlajengaken dumugi pungkasan, draft 1,945 bars exists, nanging kathah ingkang dèrèng jangkep lan kathah-kathahipun boten babagan orchestra.)
- Various completions by:
  - Adagio (first movement) lan "Purgatorio" (third movement) kasamektakaken kanggé penampilan Ernst Krenek kanthi kontribusi saking Franz Schalk, Alban Berg lan Alexander Zemlinsky (1924)
  - Joseph Wheeler (1948–1965)
  - Deryck Cooke, dipuniringi déning Berthold Goldschmidt, Colin Matthews lan David Matthews (1960, 1964, 1976, 1989)
  - Clinton Carpenter (1966)
  - Remo Mazzetti, Jr. (1989)
  - Rudolf Barshai (2000)
  - The duo of Nicola Samale lan Giuseppe Mazzucca (2002)

Karya vokal[besut | besut sumber]

Das klagende Lied, cantata (1880; rev. 1893, 1898)
Drei Lieder, 3 tembang kanthi tenor lan piano (1880)
Lieder und Gesänge, 14 tembang kanthi piano accompaniment (1880–1890)
Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen, kanggé swanten piano utawi orchestra accompaniment (1883–1885)

(literally Songs of a Travelling Journeyman,limrahipun katerjemahaken Songs of a Wayfarer.)

Lieder aus "Des Knaben Wunderhorn" (The Youth's Magic Horn), kanggé swanten kanthi piano utawi orchestra accompaniment (1888–1896; kali sanèsipun taun 1899 lan 1901)
Rückert Lieder, kanggé swanten kanthi piano utawi orchestra accompaniment (1901–1902)
Kindertotenlieder (Songs on the Death of Children), for voice lan orchestra (1901–1904)
Das Lied von der Erde (The Song of the Earth) for alto (or baritone) lan tenor solo lan orchestra (1908–1909)