Khamr

Khamr ( Arab: خمر‎‎ ) iku tembung Arab kanggo anggur; mabuk; bentuk jamak, Khumūr ( Arab: خمور‎‎ ), ditetepake minangka omben-omben alkohol, anggur; omben-omben. ^[1] Ing fiqh, iki nuduhake zat terlarang tartamtu, lan definisi teknis gumantung ing madhhab utawa sekolah hukum. Umume ahli hukum, kalebu sing saka Maliki, Shafiʽi, Hanbali, Ahl-i Hadits sekolah hukum tradisional dianggep minangka istilah umum kanggo omben-omben mabuk sing digawe saka anggur, kurma, lan zat-zat sing padha. ^[2] Para ahli hukum Hanafi mbatesi istilah kasebut kanggo sawetara minuman sing luwih sempit. ^[2] Sakliyane wektu, sawetara fuqaha nggolongake omben-omben liyane, kayata candu lan khat, minangka khamr, adhedhasar hadits sing nyatakake, " Nabi Suci ngandika: 'saben mendem iku khamr, lan saben sing mendem iku dilarang.'" ^[2] ^[3] }}

Tradhisi Muhammad nuduhake yen khamr bisa digawe saka rong tanduran, anggur lan kurma . ^[4]Ana sawetara faqīh, utamane saka mazhab Hanafi, sing njupuk konsep khamr kanthi harfiah lan mung nglarang omben-omben alkohol adhedhasar anggur (utawa adhedhasar tanggal), ngidini sing digawe karo woh-wohan, biji-bijian, utawa madu liyane. Iki, Nanging, pendapat minoritas.

^[5] ^[6]

Referensi

↑ Hans Wehr, J. Milton Cowan (1979). A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (édhisi ka-4th). Spoken Language Services.
↑ ^a ^b ^c "Dietary Rules". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2009.
↑ Fahd Salem Bahammam. Food and Dress in Islam: An explanation of matters relating to food and drink and dress in Islam. Modern Guide. kc. 1. ISBN 978-1-909322-99-8.
↑ John Alden Williams (22 July 2010). The Word of Islam. University of Texas Press. kc. PT 116. ISBN 978-0-292-78667-7.
↑ John Alden Williams (28 September 2020). Islam. Library of Alexandria. kc. PT 117. ISBN 978-1-4655-8103-7.
↑ Malise Ruthven (23 October 1997). Islam: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, UK. kc. PT 68. ISBN 978-0-19-154011-0.

[1] Hans Wehr, J. Milton Cowan (1979). A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (édhisi ka-4th). Spoken Language Services.

[OEIW-2] "Dietary Rules". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2009.

[Bahammam-3] Fahd Salem Bahammam. Food and Dress in Islam: An explanation of matters relating to food and drink and dress in Islam. Modern Guide. kc. 1. ISBN 978-1-909322-99-8.

[Williams2010-4] John Alden Williams (22 July 2010). The Word of Islam. University of Texas Press. kc. PT 116. ISBN 978-0-292-78667-7.

[Williams-5] John Alden Williams (28 September 2020). Islam. Library of Alexandria. kc. PT 117. ISBN 978-1-4655-8103-7.

[Ruthven1997-6] Malise Ruthven (23 October 1997). Islam: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, UK. kc. PT 68. ISBN 978-0-19-154011-0.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]