Deleng sumberé Jepang

{{Jepang infobox}}

'''Jepang''' ([[basa Jepang]]: 日本 ''Nippon/Nihon''{{Audio|ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg|rungokna}}, teges kang barès: "asal-usuling [[srengéngé]]") yaiku [[Nagara]] ing [[Asia Wétan]] sing papané ing siji ranté kapuloan bawana [[Asia]] ing pojok kulon [[Samodra Pasifik]]. Ing sisih wetan Sagara Jepang, lan tetanggan karo [[Républik Rakyat Cina]], [[Korea]], lan [[Ruslan]]. Pulo sisih paling lor ana ing Sagara Okhotsk, lan wilayah paling kidul minangka klompok pulo cilik ana ing Sagara China Wétan, ing sisih kidul [[Préfèktur Okinawa|Okinawa]], sing cedhak karo [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]].

Jepang kapérang saka 6.852 pulo<ref>{{cite web | title = ''Facts and Figures of Japan 2007 01: Land'' | url = http://fpcj.jp/old/e/mres/publication/ff/pdf_07/01_land.pdf | publisher = Foreign Press Center Japan | accessdate = 2009-07-04 | archive-date = 2009-07-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090731072744/http://fpcj.jp/old/e/mres/publication/ff/pdf_07/01_land.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> kang ndadekaken Jepang kalebu nagara [[kapuloan]]. Pulo-pulo utama saka lor menyang kidul yaiku [[Hokkaido]], [[Honshu]] (pulo gedhé dhéwé), [[Shikoku]], lan [[Kyushu]]. Gunggung 97 % wewengkon dharatan Jepang ana ing patang pulo gedhé iki. Sapérangan gedhé pulo ing Jepang wujud pagunungan, lan sapérangan liyané wujud gunung kang ngandhut geni. Gunung paling dhuwur ing Jepang yaiku [[Gunung Fuji]]. Jepang duwe 128 yuta wong, lan dadi [[Pratélaning nagara lan jajahan miturut cacah jiwa|negara paling katah pedununge nomer 10 ing saindenging jagad]]. [[Tokyo]] minangka kutha krajan de facto Jepang, lan uga dadi prefektur piyambak. Tokyo Raya minangka jeneng wilayah kutha Tokyo lan sawetara kutha ing prefektur sekitarnya. Minangka wilayah metropolitan paling gedhe ing donya, Wilayah Tokyo Raya duwe pedunung luwih saka 30 yuta wong.

Miturut [[Mitologi Jepang|mitologi tradisional]], Jepang didegake dening [[Jimmu Tenno|Kaisar Jimmu]] ing [[abad kaping-7 SM]]. Kaisar Jimmu miwiti rantai monarki Jepang sing nganti saiki durung rusak. Nanging, sajrone sejarah, kekuwatan paprentahan ana ing tangan para anggota kraton, [[shogun]], militer, lan saiki ing tangan [[Nayakotama]]. Miturut Konstitusi Jepang taun 1947, Jepang minangka negara monarki konstitusional kapimpin dening Kaisar Jepang lan Parlemen Jepang.

Minangka negara maju ing perekonomian,<ref name="ciawfbjapan">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html |title=World Factbook; Japan |publisher=[[CIA]] |date=2007-03-15 |accessdate=2007-03-27 |archive-date=2010-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228224107/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jepang duwe produk domestik bruto paling gedhe nomer loro sawise [[Amérikah Sarékat|Amerika Serikat]]. Jepang uga anggota saka [[Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa|PBB]], G8, [[OECD]], lan APEC. Jepang uga duwe kekuwatan militer sing cukup lengkap karo sistem pertahanan modern kaya ta sistem kombat AEGIS lan armada perusak. Ing perdagangan luar negeri, Jepang dadi negara eksporter nomer 4 lan negara importer nomer 6 paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad. Minangka negara maju, masarakat Jepang duwe standar urip sing dhuwur (rangking nomer 8 ing [[Pratélaning nagara miturut Indhèks Pangembanging Manungsa|Indeks Pembangunan Manungsa]]) lan harapan urip paling dhuwur ing donya miturut prakiraan PBB.<ref>[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf United Nations World Population Propsects: 2006 revision] – Table A.17 for 2005-2010</ref> Ing bidang teknologi, Jepang uga maju ing bidang telekomunikasi, mesin lan robot.

== Etimologi ==
Jepang diarani ''Nippon'' utawa ''Nihon'' ing [[basa Jepang]]. Kaloro tembung mau ditulis nganggo kanji sing padha, yaiku {{lang|ja|日本}} (teges kang barès: asal-usuling [[srengéngé]]).<ref name="schreiber">{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2019/11/26/language/nihon-nippon-japan/|title=You say 'Nihon,' I say 'Nippon,' or let's call the whole thing 'Japan'?|last1=Schreiber|first1=Mark|date=26 Novèmber 2019|website=[[The Japan Times]]|access-date=20 Mèi 2020}}</ref> Sebutan Nippon asring digunakake ing urusan ingkang resmi, kalebu jeneng negara kasebut ing [[Yen|dhuwit Jepang]], [[prangko]], lan acara [[Ulah raga|olahraga]] internasional. Istilah ''Nihon'' digunakake kanggo perkara sing ora resmi kaya ta pacelathon saben dinane.

Tembung ''Nippon'' lan ''Nihon'' ateges "negara/tanah srengéngé mletek." Jeneng iki disebutake ing korespondensi keakaisaran Jepang lan Dinasti Sui ing Cina, lan ngrujuk lokasi Jepang sing ana ing sisih wetan China daratan. Sadurunge Jepang duweni hubungan karo Cina, negara kasebut dikenal kanthi jeneng ''Yamato'' ({{lang|ja|大和}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/japanese/message/jpnEVwSABIuEVrrH_51.html|title=Re: にほん or にっぽん|website=www.sf.airnet.ne.jp|access-date=2020-09-12|archive-date=2013-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116032709/http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/japanese/message/jpnEVwSABIuEVrrH_51.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing Cina sajrone jaman Tiga Bangsa, istilah kanggo Jepang yaiku negara Wa ({{lang|ja|倭}}).

Ing [[basa Cina]] dialek Shanghai sing minangka salah sawijining dialek Wu, aksara Tionghoa {{lang|zh|日本}} diwaca dadi ''Zeppen'' ([{{IPA|zəʔpən}}]). Ing dialek Wu, karakter {{lang|zh|日}} secara ora resmi diwaca dadi [{{IPA|niʔ}}] lan kanthi resmi diwaca dadi [{{IPA|zəʔ}}]. Ing dialek Wu Kidul, {{lang|ja|日本}} diwaca [niʔpən] ingkang padha karo jeneng ing [[basa Jepang]].

Tembung ''Jepang'' ing [[basa Indonesia]] bisa uga asale saka basa Cina, luwih tepat dialek Cina Wu. Basa Melayu kuno uga nyebut negara iki yaiku ''Jepang'' (nanging ejaan basa Malaysia saiki: ''Jepun'').<ref name="ahd">{{cite book|url={{Google books|cZ88p_bSt1EC|page=PA146|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|title=Word Histories and Mysteries: From Abracadabra to Zeus|date=October 13, 2004|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0-547-35027-1}}</ref> Tembung Jepang ing basa Melayu banjur digawa menyang Kulon dening pedagang [[Portugis]], sing ngenal sebutan iki nalika ing Malaka ing abad kaping 16. Dhèwèké minangka sing pertama ngenalake jeneng ing basa Melayu iki menyang Eropa. Dokumen paling tuwa ing basa Inggris sing nyebutake Jepang yaiku surat ing taun 1565, ingkang wonten tembung ''Giapan'' katulis.<ref>Luīs Fróis, "Of the Ilande of Giapan" (February 19, 1565), published in Richard Willes, "The History of Travayle in the West and East Indies" (London 1577), cited in "Travel Narratives from the Age of Discovery", by Peter C. Mancall, pp. 156–57.</ref><ref>{{cite book|url={{Google books|giZnAgAAQBAJ|page=PA79|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|title=London: The Selden Map and the Making of a Global City, 1549–1689|last=Batchelor|first=Robert K.|date=January 6, 2014|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-08079-6|pages=76, 79}} In Richard Wille's 1577 book "The History of Travalye in the West and East Indies"</ref>

== Sajarah ==
=== Prasajarah ===
Miturut penilitian [[arkéologi]] nuduhake manawa Jepang didunungi manungsa wiwitan paling ora 600.000 taun kepungkur, sajrone jaman [[Palaeolitikum]] andhap. Sawise pirang-pirang [[jaman ès]] sing kedadeyan pirang-pirang yuto taun kepungkur, Jepang gegandhengan karo daratan asia kaping pirang-pirang nganggo jembatan dharatan (karo Sakhalin ing sisih lor, lan bisa uga Kyushu ing sisih kidul), saéngga bisa gawe pindhah manungsa, kewan lan tanduran menyang [[kapuloan]] Jepang saka wilayah sing saiki dadi [[Républik Rakyat Cina]] lan [[Koréa]]. Ing sajrone jaman Paleolitik Jepang ngasilake alat watu sing wus dipoles pisanan ing jagad, udakara 30.000 SM.

Kanthi pungkasane jaman es lan tekane periode sing luwih anget, budaya [[Jaman Jomon|Jomon]] muncul udakara 11.000 SM, sing ditondoi kanthi gaya urip [[Juru bedhag-kayal|pamburu lan pangumpul]] semi-sedhenter [[Mesolitikum|Mesolitik]] tekan [[Neolitikum|Neolitik]] lan nggawe krajinan tembikar paling awal ing donya. Diperkirake wong Jomon yaiku leluhur saka wong Proto-Jepang lan [[wong Ainu]] saiki.

Wiwitane [[jaman Yayoi]] udakara taun 300 SM lan menehi tandha teknologi-teknologi anyar kaya ta budidaya pari ing [[sawah]] lan teknik nggawe alat saka [[wesi]] lan [[prunggu]] sing digawa para migran saka tanah Cina utawa Korea.

Ing sejarah cina, wong Jepang pisanan disebutake ing naskah sejarah klasik, ''Buku Han'', ingkang ditulis ing taun 111.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/A3_6lp8IOK8C|title=The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1|last1=Brown|first1=Delmer M.|last2=Hall|first2=John Whitney|last3=Jansen|first3=Marius B.|last4=Shively|first4=Donald H.|last5=Twitchett|first5=Denis|date=1988|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-22352-2|page=275|language=en}}</ref> Sawise jaman Yayoi diarani periode Kofun sekitar taun 250, sing ditandhani karo ngadheke negara-negara militer sing kuwat. Miturut ''Cathetan Sejarah Telung Negara'', negara sing paling sukses ing kepuloan Jepang nalika semana yaiku Yamataikoku.

=== Jaman klasik ===
Babagan Sejarah Jepang ninggali dokumen tertulis wiwit abad kaping 5 lan 6 Masehi, nalika sistem nulis Cina, agama [[Buda]], lan budaya Tiongkok liyane digawa menyang Jepang saka Kerajaan Baekje ing [[Ujung Koréa]].

Perkembangan Sabanjure babagan agama Buda ing Jepang lan seni patung akeh dipengaruhi dening agama [[Buda]] Tionghoa.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Delmer M. Brown|year=1993|title=The Cambridge History of Japan|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=140–149}}</ref> Sanajan wiwitane tekane agama Buda ditentang dening para panguwasa sing nganut agama [[Shinto]], kalangan pamarentah pungkasane mbantu promosi agama Buda ing Jepang, lan saiki wus dadi agama ingkang populer ing Jepang wiwit jaman Asuka.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Japanese Experience: A Short History of Japan|author=William Gerald Beasley|publisher=University of California Press|year=1999|url=http://books.google.com/books?visbn=0520225600&id=9AivK7yMICgC&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=Soga+Buddhism+intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Japan&sig=V65JQ4OzTFCopEoFVb8DWh5BD4Q#PPA42,M1|pages=42|isbn=0520225600|accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

Miturut perintah Reformasi Taika ing taun 645, Jepang nyusun sistem papréntahan kanthi nuladha Cina. Hal iki mbukak dalan kanggo filsafat [[Konfusianisme]] Cina kangge dadi dominan ing Jepang nganti abad kaping 19.

[[Periodhe Nara]] ing abad kaping 8 ditandhani negara Jepang kanthi kekuwatan terpusat. Kutha krajan lan istana kekaisaran ana ing Heijo-kyo (saiki Nara). Ing sajrone jaman Nara, Jepang terus nggunakake praktik administrasi pamrentah saka China. Salah sawijining prestasi sastra Jepang sing paling gedhe sajrone periode Nara yaiku ngrampungake buku sejarah Jepang sing diarani ''Kojiki'' (712) lan ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (720).<ref>{{cite book|author=Conrad Totman|year=2002|title=A History of Japan|publisher=Blackwell|pages=64–79|isbn=978-1405123594}}</ref>

Ing taun 784, Kaisar Kammu mindhah kutha krajan menyang Nagaoka-kyō, lan tetep ana ing kana mung 10 taun. Sawise iku, kutha krajan dipindhah maneh menyang Heian-kyō (saiki [[Kyoto]]). Relokasi kutha krajan menyang Heian-kyō diwiwiti saka jaman Heian, yaiku jaman keemasan budaya klasik pribumi Jepang, utamane ing bidang seni, puisi lan sastra Jepang. ''Hikayat Genji'' gaweane [[Murasaki Shikibu]] lan lirik lagu kebangsaan Jepang ''[[Kimigayo]]'' diwiwiti saka jaman Heian iki.<ref>{{cite book|author=Conrad Totman|year=2002|title=A History of Japan|publisher=Blackwell|pages=122–123|isbn=978-1405123594}}</ref>

=== Jaman pertengahan ===
Jaman abad pertengahan ing Jepang yaiku jaman [[feodalisme]] sing ditandhani karo parebutan kakuasaan antar klompok panguwasa sing kalebu saka [[ksatriya]] sing diarani [[samurai]]. Ing taun 1185, sawise ngancurake [[klan Taira]] sing dadi klan saingane klan Minamoto, Minamoto no Yoritomo diangkat dadi [[shogun]], lan nggawe dhèwèké dadi pamimpin militer sing mbagi kakuasaan karo Kaisar. Papréntahan militer sing digawe dening Minamoto no Yoritomo diarani Kashogunan Kamakura amarga pusat papréntahan ana ing Kamakura (sisih kidul [[Yokohama]] saiki). Sawise sedane Yoritomo, klan Hōjō nulungi kashogunan dadi ''shikken'', yaiku sajinis [[patih]] kanggo para shogun. Kashogunan Kamakura bisa nahan serangan Mongol saka wilayah Cina sing dikuasai Mongol ing taun 1274 lan 1281. Sanajan stabil ing politik, kashogunan Kamakura akhire [[Restorasi Kemmu|digulingake]] dening [[Kaisar Go-Daigo]], sing mulihake kakuasaan ing tangan kaisar. Kaisar Go-Daigo akhire digulingke dening Ashikaga Takauji ing taun 1336.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[George Sansom]]|year=1961|title=A History of Japan: 1334–1615|publisher=Stanford|pages=42|isbn=0-8047-0525-9}}</ref> Kashogunan Ashikaga gagal nyegah kekuwatan para panguwasa militer lan tuan tanah feodal (''[[daimyo]]'') lan perang sipil pecah ing taun 1467 (Perang Ōnin) sing miwiti abad sing ditandhani karo perang-perang faksi sing diarani negara-negara saling perang utawa jaman Sengoku.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[George Sansom]]|year=1961|title=A History of Japan: 1334–1615|publisher=Stanford|pages=217|isbn=0-8047-0525-9}}</ref>

Ing abad kaping 16, pedagang lan misionaris [[Yésuit|Sarekat Yesuit]] saka Portugal teka kaping pisanan ing Jepang, lan miwiti pertukaran perdagangan lan budaya ingkang aktif antarane Jepang lan Donya Kulon (Dagang karo Nanban). Wong Jepang ngarani wong asing saka Kulon minangka ''namban'' sing tegese barbar saka sisih kidul.

Oda Nobunaga ngalahake daimyo-daimyo saingane kanthi nggunakake teknologi lan sanjata api Eropa. Nobunaga meh sukses nyawijikake Jepang sadurunge tiwas ing Kejadian Honnōji 1582. Toyotomi Hideyoshi nggenteni Nobunaga, lan ndhaptarke dèwèké minangka penyawiji Jepang ing taun 1590. Toyotomi Hidesyoshi nyoba nguwasani wliayah Korea, lan kaping pindho nginvasi menyang [[Koréa]], nanging kabeh gagal sawise kalah ing partempuran ngelawan tentara Korea sing dibantu karo kekuwatan [[Wangsa Ming]]. Sawise Hideyoshi sedha, pasukan Hideyoshi ditarik mundur saka Semenanjung Korea ing taun 1598.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Stephen Turnbull (historian)|Stephen Turnbull]]|year=2002|title=Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War|publisher=Cassel|pages=227|isbn=978-0304359486}}</ref>

Sawise sedane Hideyoshi, putrane Hideyoshi, Toyotomi Hideyori, entuk kekuwasaane bapake. [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] njupuk kauntungan saka jabatane minangka adipati kanggo Hideyori kanggo golek dhukungan politik lan militer saka daimyo liyane. Sawise ngalahake klan-klan pandukung Hideyori ing [[Peperangan Sekigahara]] ing taun 1600, Ieyasu diangkat dadi shogun ing taun 1603. Papréntahan militer Ieyasu sing didegake ing Edo (saiki [[Tokyo]]) diarani Kashogunan Tokugawa. [[Keshogunan Tokugawa]] curiga karo kegiatan misionaris Katulik, lan nglarang kabeh kontak karo wong Eropa. Hubungan perdagangan diwatesi mung karo pedagang [[Walanda]] ing Pulo Dejima, [[Nagasaki]]. Pamrentah Tokugawa uga ngetrapake macem-macem kabijakan kaya ta undang-undang ''buke shohatto'' kanggo ngontrol daimyo ing wilayah kasebut. Ing taun 1639, Kashogunan Tokugawa miwiti kabijakan ''sakoku'' ("negara tertutup") ingkang lumaku rong setengah abad sing diarani [[jaman Édo]]. Sanajan ngalami periode isolasi, wong Jepang tetep sinau ilmu-ilmu saka Donya Kulon. Ing Jepang, ilmu saka buku-buku Kulon diarani ''rangaku'' (ilmu Walanda) amarga saka kontak Jepang karo enklave Walanda ing Dejima, Nagasaki. Sajrone periode Edo, masarakat Jepang uga miwiti pasinaon bab Jepang, lan diarani "studi nasional" bab Jepang minangka ''kokugaku''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hooker |first=Richard |url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/KOKUGAKU.HTM |title=Japan Glossary; Kokugaku |publisher=Washington State University |date=1999-07-14 |accessdate=2006-12-28 |archive-date=2006-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828004748/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/KOKUGAKU.HTM |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Jaman Modern ===
Ing tanggal 31 Maret 1854, tekane Komodor Matthew Perry lan "Kapal Ireng" Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat meksa Jepang supaya mbukak diri marang donya Kulon liwat Perjanjian Kanagawa. Kesepakatan sabanjure karo negara-negara Kulon sajrone jaman Bakumatsu nggawe Jepang dadi krisis ekonomi lan politik. Samurai nganggep Keshogunan Tokugawa ringkih, lan nindakake pambrontakan nganti Perang Boshin pecah ing taun 1867-1868. Sawise Keshogunan Tokugawa digulingake, kekuasaan banjur dibalekakke menyang tangan kaisar ([[Restorasi Meiji]]) lan sistem domain dihapus. Sajrone Restorasi Meiji, Jepang nggunakake sistem politik, hukum, lan militer saka Donya Kulon. Kabinet Jepang ngatur Dewan Penasihat Kekaisaran, nyusun [[Konstitusi Meiji]], lan nggawe Parlemen Kekaisaran. Restorasi Meiji ndadekake Kekaisaran Jepang dadi negara industri modern lan sekaligus dadi kekuwatan militer dunia sing nyebabake konflik militer nalika nyoba ngembangake pengaruh wilayah ing Asia. Sawise ngalahake [[Républik Rakyat Cina|Cina]] ing Perang Cina-Jepang lan [[Ruslan]] ing [[Perang Ruslan-Jepang]], Jepang nguwasani Taiwan, setengah saka Sakhalin, lan [[Koréa]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://filebox.vt.edu/users/jearnol2/MeijiRestoration/imperial_japan.htm |title=Japan: The Making of a World Superpower (Imperial Japan) |author=Jesse Arnold | publisher = vt.edu/users/jearnol2 | accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

Ing wiwitan abad kaping 20, Jepang ngalami "demokrasi Taisho" sing dibayang-bayangi karo tuwuhing ekspansionisme lan militerisme Jepang. Sajrone [[Perang Donya I]], Jepang ana ing pihak Sekutu sing menang, saengga Jepang isa nggedhekake pengaruh lan wilayah kekuasaan. Jepang nglajengake politik ekspansionis kanthi ngrebut Manchuria ing taun 1931. Rong taun sabanjure, Jepang ninggalake Liga Bangsa-Bangsa sawise dikutuk internasional amarga penjajahan Manchuria. Ing taun 1936, Jepang lumebu Pakta Anti-Komintern karo [[Jerman Nazi]], lan gabung karo Jerman lan Italia kanggo mbentuk [[Poros (Perang Donya II)|Blok Poros]] ing taun 1941.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.friesian.com/pearl.htm |title= The Pearl Harbor Strike Force |author= Kelley L. Ross | publisher = friesian.com |accessdate=2007-03-27}}</ref>

Ing taun 1937, invasi Jepang ing Manchuria nyebabake Perang Cina-Jepang kaping pindho (1937-1945) sing nyebabake Jepang dikenake embargo minyak dening [[Amérika Sarékat]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Roland H. Worth, Jr.|title=No Choice But War: the United States Embargo Against Japan and the Eruption of War in the Pacific|publisher=McFarland|year=1995|isbn=0-7864-0141-9}}</ref> Tanggal 7 Desember 1941, Jepang nyerang markas Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat ing Pearl Harbor, lan ngumumake perang karo Amerika Serikat, [[Karajan Manunggal|Inggris]], lan [[Walanda]]. Serangan Pearl Harbor narik AS menyang [[Perang Donya II]]. Sawise kampanye militer dawa ing [[Samodra Pasifik]], Jepang kelangan wilayah sing diduweni nalika wiwitan perang. Amerika Serikat nindakake pamboman strategis menyang [[Tokyo]], [[Osaka]] lan kutha-kutha utama liyane. Sawise AS ngeculake bom atom ing [[Hiroshima, Hiroshima|Hiroshima]] lan [[Nagasaki]], Jepang pungkasane nyerah tanpa sarat karo Sekutu ing tanggal 15 Agustus 1945 (Dina Kamenangan kalawan Jepang).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.educationworld.net/txt15/surrend1.html |title=Japanese Instrument of Surrender |publisher=educationworld.net |accessdate=2006-12-28}}</ref>

Perang kasebut nyebabake kasengsaran gawe masarakat Jepang lan masarakat ing wilayah jajahan Jepang. Mayuta-yuta wong sedha ing negara-negara Asia sing dikuasai Jepang kanthi slogan Kemakmuran Bareng Asia. Meh kabeh industri lan infrastruktur ing Jepang rusak amarga perang. Sekutu nindakake repatriasi etnis Jepang gedhe-gedhean saka negara-negara Asia sing dikuwasani Jepang.<ref>[http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/WATWHC.html When Empire Comes Home: Repatriation and Reintegration in Postwar Japan by Lori Watt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304030637/http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/WATWHC.html |date=2009-03-04 }}, Harvard University Press</ref> Pengadilan Militer Internasional kanggo Timur Jauh sing digawe Sekutu ing tanggal 3 Mei 1946, dipungkasi kanthi ukuman gawe sawetara pimpinan Jepang sing terbukti salah nindakake Kadurjanan perang.

Ing taun 1947, Jepang nggunakake Konstitusi Jepang sing anyar. Adhedhasar konstitusi anyar, Jepang ditunjuk minangka negara sing nganut faham pasifisme lan prioritasake praktik demokrasi liberal. Pendudukan AS ing Jepang resmi dipungkasi ing taun 1952 kanthi ditandatanganine Prajanjian San Francisco.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070306f3.html|title='52 coup plot bid to rearm Japan: CIA|author=Joseph Coleman|date=2006-03-06|publisher=[[The Japan Times]]|accessdate=2007-04-03|archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120717182855/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20070306f3.html%23.UAWu3Kgo9Rw|archivedate=2012-07-17|url-status=live}}</ref> Sanajan mangkono, pasukan AS isih njaga basis-basis penting ing Jepang, utamane ing [[Prefektur Okinawa|Okinawa]]. [[PBB]] resmi nampa Jepang dadi anggota ing taun 1956.

Sawise [[Perang Donya II]], Jepang ngalami pertumbuhan ekonomi sing cepet, lan Jepang dadi kekuatan ekonomi paling gedhe nomer loro ing donya, kanthi rata-rata pertumbuhan [[prodhuk dhomèstik bruto]] 10% per taun suwene patang dekade. Pertumbuhan ekonomi Jepang sing cepet dipungkasi ing wiwitan taun 1990an sawise tibane ekonomi gelembung.<ref name=kobayashi>{{cite book|title=日本の経済: Japanese Economy, The|last=Kobayashi|first=Kayo|authorlink=|year=2005|publisher=IBC Publishing|location=|isbn=4-8968-4147-6|page=|pages=|url= }}</ref>

== Geografi ==
[[Barkas:Satellite View of Japan 1999.jpg|thumb|Poto Kapuloan Jepang dijupuk saka satelit.]]
Jepang dumunung ing 30°LU-47°LU lan 128°BT-146°BT, dene geografise Jepang ing antarane [[Asia]] lan [[Samodra Pasifik]].  Wates wewengkone Jepang ing sisih elor-kulone yaiku [[Supitan Korea]], ing sisih lor [[Laut Okhtosk|Sagara Okhtosk]], ing sisih wetan Samudera Pasifik, lan ing sisih kidule [[Sagara Cina Kidul]] lan [[Laut Filipina]].Jepang kapérang saka 6.852 pulo ing pesisir [[Samodra Pasifik|Pasifik]] [[Asia]]. Udakara luwih saka 3.000&nbsp;km (1.900 mil) saka wétan-kidul mangulon saka Sagara Okhotsk nganti Sagara China Wétan.<ref name=water>{{cite web |title = Water Supply in Japan |url = https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/health/water_supply/1.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126130519/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/health/water_supply/1.html |archivedate = January 26, 2018 | publisher = Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare | accessdate = September 26, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=An Invitation to Japan's Borderlands: At the Geopolitical Edge of the Eurasian Continent|last=Iwashita|first=Akihiro|pages=279–282|doi=10.1080/08865655.2011.686969|year=2011|journal=Journal of Borderlands Studies|volume=26|issue=3}}</ref> Lima pulo utama wiwit saka sisih lor tekan kidul, yaiku [[Hokkaido]], [[Honshu]] (pulo paling gedhé dhéwé), Shikoku, Kyushu lan Okinawa.<ref name="main-islands-japan">{{cite web |script-title=ja:離島とは(島の基礎知識) |trans-title=what is a remote island? |publisher=[[Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism]] |url=http://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/chirit/ritoutoha.html |date=August 22, 2015 |language=Japanese |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113053915/http://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/chirit/ritoutoha.html |archivedate=November 13, 2007}}</ref> Kapuloan Ryukyu, kalebu Okinawa, yaiku ranté kauploan ing sisih kidul Kyushu. Kapuloan Nanpō ana ing sisih kidul lan wétan saka pulau-pulau utama Jepang. Bareng, dhèwèké asring dikenal minangka Kapuloan Jepang.<ref>{{cite book|last=McCargo|first=Duncan|title=Contemporary Japan|year=2000|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-333-71000-5 |pages=8–11|url={{Google books|8au8QgAACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Ing taun 2019, wilayah Jepang gedhene udakara 377.975.24&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (145.937.06 sq mi).<ref name="area-2019" /> Jepang duwe garis pantai paling dawa nomer enem ing saindenging jagad (29.751&nbsp;km (18.486&nbsp;mi)). Amarga akeh pulau sing jarake adoh banget, Jepang duwe Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif paling gedhe nomer wolu ing jagad iki sing ndunungi 4.470.000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (1.730.000 sq mi).<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/JODC/ryokai/ryokai_setsuzoku.html |script-title=ja:日本の領海等概念図| publisher=海上保安庁海洋情報部| accessdate=August 12, 2018| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812151410/http://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/JODC/ryokai/ryokai_setsuzoku.html| archivedate=August 12, 2018}}</ref>

Udakara 73 persen Jepang iseh alas-alasan, pegunungan lan ora cocog kanggo panggunaan pertanian, industri utawa perumahan.<ref name="cia">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html |title=CIA Factbook: Japan |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=August 27, 2019 |archive-date=December 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228224107/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Japan|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm|publisher=US Department of State|accessdate=January 16, 2011}}</ref> Akibate, zona sing bisa dihuni, utamane ing wilayah pesisir, duwe kepadatan penduduk sing akeh banget. Jepang yaiku salah sawijining [[Pratélaning nagara lan tlatah miturut karapetan cacah jiwa|negara sing paling padhet ing donya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statisticstimes.com/demographics/countries-by-population-density.php|website=Statistics Times|title=List of countries by population density|access-date=12 Oktober 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Geographic Dependency of Population Distribution|journal=Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Modeling and Simulation, plus Econophysics Colloquium |pages=151–162|first1=Shouji |last1=Fujimoto|first2=Takayuki|last2= Mizuno|first3=Takaaki |last3=Ohnishi|first4=Chihiro |last4=Shimizu|first5=Tsutomu |last5=Watanabe|year=2014|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-20591-5_14}}</ref> Kira-kira 0,5% saka total wilayah Jepang direklamasi (umetatechi). Proyek ing pungkasan abad kaping 20 lan awal abad kaping 21 kalebu pulo-pulo buatan kaya ta [[Papan Anggegana Internasional Centrair Chūbu|Bandara Internasional Chubu Centrair]] ing Teluk Ise, Bandara Internasional Kansai ing tengah Teluk Osaka, Surga Laut Yokohama Hakkeijima lan Kutha Marina Wakayama.<ref name="reclaimed-land">{{cite web |url=http://japanpropertycentral.com/real-estate-faq/reclaimed-land-in-japan/ |title=Reclaimed Land in Japan |publisher=Japan Property Central |date= |accessdate=September 26, 2018 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226211747/http://japanpropertycentral.com/real-estate-faq/reclaimed-land-in-japan/ |archivedate=February 26, 2018}}</ref>

Jepang rawan [[Lindhu]], [[tsunami]] lan [[gunung geni]] amarga Jepang ana ing sadawane [[Ali-ali geni|Cincin Geni Pasifik]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Israel|first=Brett|date=March 14, 2011|title=Japan's Explosive Geology Explained|url=http://www.livescience.com/30226-japan-tectonics-explosive-geology-ring-of-fire-110314.html|publisher=Live Science}}</ref> Jepang dadi negara sing nduwe risiko bencana alam paling dhuwur nomer 15 ing sadonya sing diukur ing Indeks Risiko Sedunia 2013.<ref name="2013 World Risk Report">{{Cite web|title=2013 World Risk Report|url=http://www.worldriskreport.com/uploads/media/WorldRiskReport_2013_online_01.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816173655/http://www.worldriskreport.com/uploads/media/WorldRiskReport_2013_online_01.pdf|archive-date=August 16, 2014|access-date=May 20, 2014}}</ref> Jepang nduwe 111 gunung geni aktif.<ref>{{cite journal|title=A New Japan Volcanological Database|last1=Fujita|first1=Eisuke|last2=Ueda|first2=Hideki|last3=Nakada|first3=Setsuya|journal=Frontiers in Earth Science|date=July 2020|doi=10.3389/feart.2020.00205}}</ref> Lindhu gedhe, asring nyebabake tsunami, kedadeyan kaping pirang-pirang ing saben abad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_asia/japan_tec.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204064754/http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_asia/japan_tec.html |archivedate=February 4, 2007 |title=Tectonics and Volcanoes of Japan |publisher=Oregon State University |accessdate=March 27, 2007}}</ref> [[Lindhu Gedhé Kantō 1923|Lindhu Tokyo ing taun 1923]] niwaske luwih saka 140.000 wong.<ref>{{cite web|last=James |first=C.D. |title=The 1923 Tokyo Earthquake and Fire |url=http://nisee.berkeley.edu/kanto/tokyo1923.pdf |publisher=University of California Berkeley |accessdate=January 16, 2011 |year=2002 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316050633/http://nisee.berkeley.edu/kanto/tokyo1923.pdf |archivedate=March 16, 2007}}</ref> Lindhu gedhe paling anyar yaiku Lindhu Gedhe Hanshin 1995 lan [[Lindhu lan tsunami Sendai 2011|Lindhu Tōhoku 2011]], sing nyebabake tsunami gedhe.<ref name="nytimes-tsunami">{{cite news|last=Fackler|first=Martin; Drew, Kevin|title=Devastation as Tsunami Crashes Into Japan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/12/world/asia/12japan.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 11, 2011}}</ref>

=== Iklim ===
Iklim Jepang akehe duweni iklim sedheng nanging beda-beda gumantung wilyahe saka lor nganti kidul. Wilayah paling lor, [[Hokkaido]], duwe iklim bawana lembab, mongso adhem seng adem lan dawa sarta musim panas seng anget nganti sejuk. Curah udan ora deres banget, nanging pulo kasebut biasane nggawe tumpukan salju seng jero ing musim adhem.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite book|last=Karan|first=Pradyumna Prasad|title=Japan in the 21st century|year=2005|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=978-0-8131-2342-4|pages=18–21, 41|author2=Gilbreath, Dick|url={{Google books|oze_mWihnU0C|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Ing wilayah Laut Jepang ing pesisir kulon Honshu, angin musim adhem Lor-kulon nggawa salju gedhe nalika ing musim adhem. Ing mangsa panas, wilayah kasebut kadang ngalami suhu sing panas banget amarga foehn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/cpd/longfcst/en/tourist/file/Hokuriku.html|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|title=Climate of Hokuriku district|accessdate=October 24, 2020}}</ref> Dataran tinggi tengah duwe iklim bawana lembab sing khas ing pedalaman, seng duweni beda gedhe antarane suhu ing musim panas lan musim adhem. Pegunungan ing wilayah Chūgoku lan Shikoku nglindungi Sagara Pedalaman Seto saka angin mangsan, saengga nggawa cuaca sejuk ing sajrone taun.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> Pesisir Pasifik nduwe iklim subtropis lembab saengga ngalami musim salju sing luwih sejuk kanthi salju seng kadang midun lan musim panas sing panas lan lembab amarga angin mangsan saka kidul-wétan. Pulo Ryukyu lan Nanpō duwe iklim [[subtropis]], kanthi musim adhem sing luwih anget lan mangsa panas sing panas banget. Curah udan deres banget, luwih-luwih nalika musim rendheng.<ref name=autogenerated2 />

Suhu rata-rata mangsa adhem ing Jepang yaiku {{convert|5.1|C|°F}} lan suhu rata-rata mangsa panas yaiku {{convert|25.2|C|°F}}.<ref name="climate">{{cite web|title=Climate|url=http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/arrange/essential/climate.html|publisher=[[Japan National Tourism Organization|JNTO]]|accessdate=March 2, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218041449/http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/arrange/essential/climate.html|archive-date=February 18, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Suhu paling dhuwur sing pernah diukur ing Jepang yaiku {{convert|41.1|°C}}, kacathet tanggal 23 Juli 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/07/23/world/asia/ap-as-asia-heat-wave.html |title=Record High in Japan as Heat Wave Grips the Region |access-date=July 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723124113/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/07/23/world/asia/ap-as-asia-heat-wave.html |archive-date=July 23, 2018 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> [[Mangsa udan]] diwiwiti ing wiwitan Mei ing Okinawa, lan pindhah menyang sisih Lor nganti tekan Hokkaido ing pungkasan Juli. Ing pungkasan mangsa panas lan wiwitan mangsa gugur, topan asring nggawa udan deres.<ref name="climate" />  Miturut Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup udan deres lan munggahe suhu nyebabake sawetara masalah ing industri pertanian lan ing papan liya.<ref name=climatechange>{{Cite web|title=Japan 2030: Tackling climate issues is key to the next decade|url=https://features.japantimes.co.jp/climate-crisis-2030/|website=The Japan Times|last=Ito|first=Masami|accessdate=September 24, 2020}}</ref>

=== Keanekaragaman hayati ===
Jepang duwe sangang wilayah alas ekologi sing nggambarake iklim lan geografi ing pulo kasebut. Kasedhiya wiwit alas subtropis lembab ing Pulo Ryūkyū lan [[Kapuloan Bonin|Bonin]], nganti alas campuran ing daerah iklim ing pulo-pulo utama, nganti alas konifer ing daerah mangsa adhem sing adhem, ing sisih lor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/jicc/spotflora.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213035135/http://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/jicc/spotflora.htm |archivedate=February 13, 2007 |title=Flora and Fauna: Diversity and regional uniqueness |publisher=Embassy of Japan in the USA |accessdate=April 1, 2007}}</ref> Jepang duwe luwih saka 90.000 spesies satwa, kalebu bruwang coklat, monyet Jepang, asu rakun Jepang, tikus lapangan gedhe Jepang, lan salamander raksasa Jepang.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Wildlife in Japan |url=http://www.env.go.jp/nature/yasei/pamph/pamph01/en.pdf |publisher=[[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]] |accessdate=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323165908/http://www.env.go.jp/nature/yasei/pamph/pamph01/en.pdf |archivedate=March 23, 2011}}</ref> Jaringan [[Pratélaning taman nasional ing Jepang|taman nasional]] sing gedhe wis digawe kanggo nglindhungi wilayah flora lan fauna sing penting uga 37 situs lahan basah Ramsar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/ |title=National Parks of Japan |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |accessdate=May 11, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-annolist-japan/main/ramsar/1-30-168^16573_4000_0__ |title=The Annotated Ramsar List: Japan |publisher=Ramsar |accessdate=May 11, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917191036/http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-annolist-japan/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E16573_4000_0__ |archivedate=September 17, 2011}}</ref> Papat situs wis katulis ing Daftar Warisan Dunia UNESCO amarga nilai alam sing luar biasa.<ref name="unesco1">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/jp |title=Japan&nbsp;– Properties Inscribed on the World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=July 5, 2011}}</ref>

=== Lingkungan ===
Ing periode pertumbuhan ekonomi sing cepet sawise Perang Donya II, kabijakan lingkungan disepeleke dening pamrentah lan perusahaan industri, asile, polusi lingkungan nyebar ing taun 1950an lan 1960an. Nanggepi saya gedhene kekhawatiran, pamrentah nggawe sawetara undang-undang perlindungan lingkungan ing taun 1970.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:日本の大気汚染の歴史 |url=http://www.erca.go.jp/taiki/history/ko_syousyu.html |publisher=Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency |accessdate=March 2, 2014 |language=Japanese |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501085231/http://www.erca.go.jp/taiki/history/ko_syousyu.html |archivedate=May 1, 2011}}</ref> [[Krisis lenga 1973|Krisis lenga]] ing taun 1973 uga ndorong panggunaan energi kanthi efisien amarga Jepang kekurangan sumber daya alam.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sekiyama|first=Takeshi|title=Japan's international cooperation for energy efficiency and conservation in Asian region|url=http://nice.erina.or.jp/en/pdf/C-SEKIYAMA.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216005103/http://nice.erina.or.jp/en/pdf/C-SEKIYAMA.pdf|archivedate=February 16, 2008|publisher=Energy Conservation Center|accessdate=January 16, 2011}}</ref>

Ing taun 2020, luwih saka 22 pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara direncanakake dibangun ing Jepang, sawise mateni armada nuklir Jepang sawise bencana nuklir Fukushima 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/japan-new-coal-power-plant-climate-change-tokyo-a9316271.html|website=The Independent|title=Japan to build up to 22 new coal power plants despite climate emergency|last=Tabuchi|first=Hiroko|date=February 4, 2020}}</ref> Jepang rangking nomer 20 ing Indeks Kinerja Lingkungan 2018, sing ngukur komitmen negara kanggo kelestarian lingkungan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Environmental Performance Index: Japan|url=https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/epi-country-report/JPN|publisher=Yale University|accessdate=February 26, 2018|archive-date=November 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119100506/https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/epi-country-report/JPN|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jepang yaiku pengasil emisi [[karbon dioksida]] paling gedhe kaping lima ing donya.<ref name=climatechange/> Minangka tuan omah lan panandha tangan [[Protokol Kyoto]] 1997, Jepang duwe kewajiban kanggo nyuda emisi karbon dioksida lan njupuk langkah-langkah liyane kanggo ngatasi perubahan iklim.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUST191967 |title=Japan sees extra emission cuts to 2020 goal&nbsp;– minister |date=June 24, 2009 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> Ing taun 2020 pamrentah Jepang ngumumake target netralitas karbon ing taun 2050.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davidson |first1=Jordan |title=Japan Targets Carbon Neutrality by 2050 |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/japan-carbon-neutral-2648499409.html |website=Ecowatch |date=26 Oktober 2020}}</ref> Masalah lingkungan saiki kalebu polusi udara kutha (NOx, partikulat ingkang tersuspensi, lan racun), manajemen limbah, eutrofikasi banyu, [[konservasi]] alam, perubahan iklim, manajemen bajan kimia lan kerja sama internasional kanggo konservasi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Environmental Performance Review of Japan|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/0/17/2110905.pdf|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|accessdate=January 16, 2011}}</ref>

== Politik ==
Jepang yaiku negara kesatuan lan monarki konstitusional sing kekuwatane Kaisar mung diwatesi dadi peran seremonial.<ref name=euparl>{{cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI%282020%29651951|publisher=European Parliament|title=Japan's Parliament and other political institutions|date=June 9, 2020}}</ref> Kekuwatan eksekutif dicekel dening Nayakotama Jepang lan Kabinet, sing kedaulatane dicekel dening masarakat Jepang.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web|url=http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html |title=The Constitution of Japan |publisher=Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet |date=November 3, 1946 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214104438/http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html |archivedate=December 14, 2013}}</ref> [[Naruhito]] yaiku Kaisar Jepang saiki sing munggah Tahta Krisan ing taun 2019, sawise nggenteni bapake [[Akihito]].<ref name=euparl/>

Badan legislatif Jepang yaiku Diet Nasional, ingkang kabentuk parlemen rong kamar.<ref name=euparl/> Badan iki kalebu Dewan Paheman Asor kanthi cacahe 465 kursi, dipilih kanthi pemilihan umum saben patang taun utawa dibubarake, lan Dewan Paheman Luhur ingkang cacahe uga 245 kursi, sing anggota sing dipilih saben nem taun pisan.<ref name=sec>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/837056/000119312520211213/d477441dex1.htm|publisher=US Securities and Exchange Commission|date=August 6, 2020|title=Japan}}</ref> Ana hak pilih kanggo wong diwasa luwih saka 18 taun,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/2016/07/japan-youth-can-make-difference-new-voting-rights-u-n-envoy/|publisher=UN Envoy on Youth|title=Japan Youth Can Make Difference with New Voting Rights: UN Envoy|date=July 2016}}</ref> kanthi pamungutan suoro rahasia kanggo kabeh kantor sing dipilih.<ref name="Constitution" /> Nayakotama minangka kepala pamrentah duwe kekuwatan kanggo milih lan nolak Menteri Negara, lan dhèwèké ditunjuk dening kaisar sawise dipilih saka anggota Diet.<ref name=sec/> Yoshihide Suga yaiku nayakotama Jepang saiki ingkang kapilih ing pemilihan nayakotama Jepang taun 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/09/14/national/politics-diplomacy/yoshihide-suga-japan-prime-minister/ |title=Yoshihide Suga set to become Japan's prime minister after winning LDP election |work=Japan Times |date=September 14, 2020 }}</ref>

Secara historis politik jepang dipengaruhi karo hukum Tiongkok, sistem hukum Jepang berkembang sacara mandiri ing sajrone periode Edo liwat teks kaya ''Kujikata Osadamegaki''.<ref name=dean>{{cite book|last=Dean|first=Meryll|title=Japanese legal system: text, cases & materials|year=2002|publisher=Cavendish|isbn=978-1-85941-673-0|pages=55–58, 131|edition=2nd|url={{Google books|lt9jB5CjfRIC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> Nanging, wiwit pungkasan abad kaping 19, sistem hukum biasane adhedhasar saka hukum perdata Eropa, utamane Jerman. Ing taun 1896, Jepang nggawe hukum perdata adhedhasar Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch Jerman, sing tetep berlaku lan dimodifikasi sawise Perang Donya II.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kanamori|first=Shigenari|title=German influences on Japanese Pre-War Constitution and Civil Code|journal=European Journal of Law and Economics|date=January 1, 1999|volume=7|issue=1|pages=93–95|doi=10.1023/A:1008688209052|s2cid=85450010}}</ref> Konstitusi Jepang, sing diadopsi ing taun 1947, yaiku konstitusi paling tuwa sing durung diowahi nganti saiki ing donya.<ref name="anomalous-constitution">{{cite news|title=The Anomalous Life of the Japanese Constitution |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/in-depth/a05602/the-anomalous-life-of-the-japanese-constitution.html |date=August 15, 2017 |website=Nippon.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811213143/https://www.nippon.com/en/in-depth/a05602/the-anomalous-life-of-the-japanese-constitution.html |url-status=live |archive-date=August 11, 2019}}</ref> Hukum Perundhang-undhang diwiwiti saka ing badhan legislatif, lan konstitusi negesake supaya kaisar ngumumake undang-undang sing disahake dening Diet tanpa menehi kekuwatan kanggo nglawan undang-undang. Badan utama hukum Jepang diarani ''Six Codes'' utawa Nem Hukum.<ref name=dean/> Sistem pengadilan Jepang dipérang dadi patang tingkat dhasar: Pengadilan Asor lan telung tingkat pengadilan andhap.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/judiciary/0620system.html |publisher=Office of the Prime Minister of Japan |title=The Japanese Judicial System |date=July 1999}}</ref>

=== Pembagean administratif ===
Jepang dipérang dadi 47 prefektur, sing masing-masing diawasi karo gubernur lan legislatif sing dipilih.<ref name=euparl/> Ing tabel ing ngisor iki, prefektur diklompokaké miturut wilayah:
[[File:Regions and Prefectures of Japan 2.svg|jmpl|center|upright=1.5|Prefektur ing Jepang]]
{| style="margin:auto;"
| style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" |
<div class="center">{{color box|#EF7979}} '''[[Hokkaido]]'''</div>
----
1.&nbsp;[[Hokkaido]]
| style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" |
<div class="center">'''{{color box|#EFE979}} [[Daerah Tōhoku|Tōhoku]]'''</div>
----
2.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Aomori|Aomori]]<br />
3.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Iwate|Iwate]]<br />
4.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Miyagi|Miyagi]]<br />
5.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Akita|Akita]]<br />
6.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Yamagata|Yamagata]]<br />
7.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Fukushima|Fukushima]]
| style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" |
<div class="center">'''{{color box|#87EF79}} [[Kantō region|Kantō]]'''</div>
----
8.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Ibaraki|Ibaraki]]<br />
9.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Tochigi|Tochigi]]<br />
10.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Gunma|Gunma]]<br />
11.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Saitama|Saitama]]<br />
12.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Chiba|Chiba]]<br />
13.&nbsp;[[Tokyo]]<br />
14.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Kanagawa|Kanagawa]]
| style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" |
<div class="center">'''{{color box|#79EFDB}} [[Daerah Chūbu|Chūbu]]'''</div>
----
15.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Niigata|Niigata]]<br />
16.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Toyama|Toyama]]<br />
17.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Ishikawa|Ishikawa]]<br />
18.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Fukui|Fukui]]<br />
19.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Yamanashi|Yamanashi]]<br />
20.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Nagano|Nagano]]<br />
21.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Gifu|Gifu]]<br />
22.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Shizuoka|Shizuoka]]<br />
23.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Aichi|Aichi]]
|-
| style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" |
<div class="center">'''{{color box|#9579EF}} [[Kansai]]'''</div>
----
24.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Mie|Mie]]<br />
25.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Shiga|Shiga]]<br />
26.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Kyoto|Kyoto]]<br />
27.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Osaka|Osaka]]<br />
28.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Hyōgo|Hyōgo]]<br />
29.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Nara|Nara]]<br />
30.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Wakayama|Wakayama]]
| style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" |
<div class="center">'''{{color box|#EFB179}} [[Daerah Chūgoku|Chūgoku]]'''</div>
----
31.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Tottori|Tottori]]<br />
32.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Shimane|Shimane]]<br />
33.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Okayama|Okayama]]<br />
34.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Hiroshima|Hiroshima]]<br />
35.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Yamaguchi|Yamaguchi]]
| style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" |
<div class="center">'''{{color box|#CC79EF}} [[Shikoku]]'''</div>
----
36.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Tokushima|Tokushima]]<br />
37.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Kagawa|Kagawa]]<br />
38.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Ehime|Ehime]]<br />
39.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Kōchi|Kōchi]]
| style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;" |
<div class="center">'''{{color box|#B4B4B4}} [[Kyūshū]]'''</div>
----
40.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Fukuoka|Fukuoka]]<br />
41.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Saga|Saga]]<br />
42.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Nagasaki|Nagasaki]]<br />
43.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Kumamoto|Kumamoto]]<br />
44.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Ōita|Ōita]]<br />
45.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Miyazaki|Miyazaki]]<br />
46.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Kagoshima|Kagoshima]]<br />
47.&nbsp;[[Prefektur Okinawa|Okinawa]]
|}
{{clear}}

=== Hubungan luar negri ===
Jepang dadi anggota PBB wiwit taun 1956, Jepang yaiku salah sawijining negara G4 sing pengin dadi anggota permanen ing [[Dhéwan Kaamanan PBB]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/09024.pdf|publisher=FES|title=Japan's quest for a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council|date=January 2012|last=Katsuno|first=Masatsune}}</ref> Jepang yaiku anggota saka G7, APEC, lan "ASEAN Plus Three", uga dadi peserta ing KTT Asia Wétan.<ref name=terada>{{cite book|url=https://www.jcie.org/researchpdfs/PacificNation/Terada.pdf|last=Terada|first=Takashi|chapter=The United States and East Asian Regionalism|title=A Pacific Nation|editor1=Borthwick, Mark|editor2=Yamamoto, Tadashi|editor2-link=Tadashi Yamamoto |year=2011|isbn=978-4-88907-133-7}}</ref> Jepang nandatangani pakta keamanan karo Australia ing wulan Maret 2007<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/australia/joint0703.html |title=Japan-Australia Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> lan karo India ing Oktober 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/india/pmv0810/joint_d.html |title=Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation between Japan and India |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |date=October 22, 2008}}</ref> Jepang dadi negara pendonor pambiyantu pembangunan nomer lima paling gedhe ing donya, kanthi nyumbang US$ 9,2 milyar ing taun 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics from the Development Co-operation Report 2015|url=http://www.oecd.org/dac/japan.htm|publisher=OECD|accessdate=November 15, 2015}}</ref> Ing 2017, Jepang duwe jaringan diplomatik kaping lima paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad.<ref name="global-diplomacy-index">{{Cite web|url=https://globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org/country_rank.html|title=Global Diplomacy Index&nbsp;– Country Rank|publisher=Lowy Institute|access-date=April 1, 2018|archive-date=February 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201012801/http://globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org/country_rank.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Jepang duwe hubungan ekonomi lan militer sing cedhak karo Amerika Serikat.<ref name=us-relations>{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-japan/|publisher=US Department of State|title=US Relations with Japan|date=January 21, 2020}}</ref> Amerika Serikat dadi pasar utama ekspor Jepang lan sumber impor Jepang, Amerika Serikat uga duwe komitmen kanggo mbela negara kasebut, kanthi nggawe basis militer ing Jepang.<ref name=us-relations/> Sawise Jepang kalah ing Perang Dunia II, [[Kapuloan Mariana Lor]] sing dikuasai Jepang dadi dikuasai Amerika Serikat.<ref>''The Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union With the United States of America'', {{USStatute|94|241|90|263|1976|03|24}}</ref>

Hubungan Jepang karo Korea Selatan sacara historis ora kuwat amarga tindakane Jepang ing Korea nalika jaman kolonial Jepang, utamane babagan masalah Ianfu. Ing 2015, Jepang setuju kanggo ngrampungake perselisihan babagan Ianfu karo Korea Selatan kanthi menehi permintaan maaf lan mbayar dhuwit kanggo wanita sing isih urip.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35188135|title=Japan and South Korea agree WW2 'comfort women' deal|date=December 28, 2015|work=BBC News}}</ref> Ing taun 1990an minat ing budaya Korea ing Jepang saya nambah, utamane ana ing babagan panganan, lelungan, lan Piala Donya.<ref name=miller>{{Cite journal|last=Miller|first=Laura|title=Korean TV Dramas and the Japan-Style Korean Wave|url=https://www.academia.edu/170803/Korean_TV_Dramas_and_the_Japan_Style_Korean_Wave|journal=Post Script|volume=27|issue=3|pages=17–24}}</ref> Penyebaran [[Hallyu|Gelombang Korea]] ing wiwitan taun 2000an (diarani gelombang hanryu utawa kanryu ing Jepang) nyepetake tren iki, contone serial televisi Korea Winter Sonata.<ref name=miller/> Jepang dadi importir utama musik Korea ([[K-pop]]), televisi (K-drama), lan produk budaya liyane.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ju|first=H.|date=July 2018|title=The Korean Wave and Korean Dramas|website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication|url=https://oxfordre.com/communication/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-715}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20190814000566|website=The Korean Herald|title=21 years after ‘Japanese invasion,’ Korean pop culture stronger than ever|last=Min-sik|first=Yoon|date=August 14, 2019}}</ref>

Jepang duwe sawetara perselisihan wilayah karo tangga teparo. Jepang nglawan kontrol Ruslan ing Pulo Kuril Kidul, sing dikuwasani Uni Soviet ing taun 1945.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/europe/russia/territory/index.html |title=Japanese Territory, Northern Territories |date=April 4, 2014 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|MOFA]]}}</ref> Nglawan kontrol Korea Kidul ing Liancourt Rocks sing diakoni Korea Kidul nanging ora ditampa amarga diklaim Jepang.<ref name="takeshima">{{cite web|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/takeshima/index.html |title=Japanese Territory, Takeshima |date=July 30, 2014 |publisher=MOFA}}</ref> Jepang negesake hubungan sing ora apik karo China lan Taiwan babagan Kapuloan Senkaku lan status Okinotorishima.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1177/0920203X16665778|date=September 2016|title=The Senkaku Shoto/Diaoyu Islands and Okinotorishima disputes: Ideational and material influences|last=Fox|first=Senan|journal=China Information|volume=30|issue=3}}</ref>

=== Militer ===
Jepang dadi negara Asia nomer loro paling dhuwur ing Indeks Perdamaian Global.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GPI_2020_web.pdf|title=Global Peace Index 2020|publisher=Institute for Economics & Peace|date=June 2020}}</ref> Jepang dadi salah sawijining negara paling gedhe ing donya babagan anggaran militer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalfirepower.com/defense-spending-budget.asp|website=Global Firepower|title=Defense Spending by Country (2020)|accessdate=November 9, 2020}}</ref> Militer negara kasebut (Pasukan Bela Diri Jepang) diwatesi dening Pasal 9 Konstitusi Jepang, sing nolak hak Jepang kanggo ngumumake perang utawa nggunakake kekuwatan militer ing perselisihan internasional.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/japan-constitution/article9.php|publisher=Library of Congress|title=Japan: Article 9 of the Constitution|accessdate=November 9, 2020}}</ref> Militer dipimpin dening Menteri Pertahanan, lan utamane kalebu Angkatan Darat Bela Diri Jepang, Angkatan Laut Bela Diri Jepang, lan Angkatan Udara Beli Diri Jepang. Angkatan Laut Bela Diri Maritim dadi peserta rutin latihan maritim RIMPAC.<ref>{{cite web|title=About RIMPAC |url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/exrimpac/abt_rimpac.html |publisher=Government of Singapore |accessdate=March 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806203903/http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/exrimpac/abt_rimpac.html |archivedate=August 6, 2013}}</ref> Penyebaran pasukan menyang Irak lan Afghanistan dadi panggunaan militer Jepang ing jaban jepang kaping pisanane wiwit Perang Dunia II.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/japan-and-its-military|last=Teslik|first=Lee Hudson|date=April 13, 2006|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|title=Japan and its military}}</ref>

Pamrentah Jepang wis nggawe perubahan babagan kebijakan keamanan sing kalebu pembentukan Dewan Keamanan Nasional, adopsi Strategi Keamanan Nasional, lan pangembangan Pedoman Program Pertahanan Nasional.<ref name="Japan's Security Policy">{{cite news |title= Japan's Security Policy |publisher= Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan |url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/security/|date=April 6, 2016}}</ref> Ing wulan Mei 2014, Nayakotama Shinzō Abe ujar manawa Jepang pengin ngeculake pasife sing wus dipertahanke wiwit pungkasan Perang Dunia II lan njupuk tanggung jawab seng luwih akeh kanggo keamanan regional.<ref name="JapanAsia">{{cite news|title=Abe offers Japan's help in maintaining regional security|url=http://www.japanherald.com/index.php/sid/222467193/scat/c4f2dd8ca8c78044/ht/Abe-offers-Japans-help-in-maintaining-regional-security|accessdate=May 31, 2014|newspaper=Japan Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531184828/http://www.japanherald.com/index.php/sid/222467193/scat/c4f2dd8ca8c78044/ht/Abe-offers-Japans-help-in-maintaining-regional-security|archive-date=May 31, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ketegangan anyar-anyar iki, utamane karo Korea Lor lan Cina, nyebabake debat babagan status JSDF lan hubungane karo masarakat Jepang.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/09/japan-dealing-with-north-koreas-growing-missile-threat/|work=The Diplomat|last=Yoji|first=Koda|date=September 18, 2020|title=Japan: Dealing with North Korea’s Growing Missile Threat}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/japan-china-military-provocations-revival-disputed-islands-pacifism-11594735596|work=The Wall Street Journal|title=China Provocations Hasten Japan’s Military Revival|last1=Gale|first1=Alastair|last2=Tsuneoka|first2=Chieko|date=July 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2019/04/17/japans-self-defence-forces-are-beginning-to-focus-on-china|work=The Economist|title=Japan's Self-Defence Forces are beginning to focus on China|date=April 17, 2019}}</ref>

=== Penegak ukum domestik ===
Keamanan domestik ing Jepang utamane diwenehake dening departemen kepolisi prefektur, ing sangisoré pengawasan Badan Polisi Nasional.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Supreme Court of Japan|year=2005|title=Who will conduct the investigation?|url=http://www.courts.go.jp/saiban/qa_keizi/qa_keizi_09/index.html|accessdate=November 1, 2018}}</ref> Minangka badan koordinator pusat kanggo Departemen Kepolisian Prefektur, Badan Kepolisian Nasional dikelola dening Komisi Keamanan Publik Nasional.<ref name="NPA1977-2">{{Cite book|editor=National Police Agency Police History Compilation Committee|year=1977|title=Japan post-war police history|publisher=[[:ja:警察協会|Japan Police Support Association]]|language=Japanese}}</ref> Tim Serangan Khusus kalebu unit taktis kontra terorisme tingkat nasional sing kerja sama karo Pasukan Anti Senjata Api tingkat teritorial lan Pasukan Pelawan Terorisme-NBC.<ref name="WP">{{cite web|url=http://www.npa.go.jp/english/kokusai9/White_Paper_2009_7.pdf|title=Chapter IV. Maintenance of Public Safety and Disaster Countermeasures|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5xSaWNCYB?url=http://www.npa.go.jp/english/kokusai9/White_Paper_2009_7.pdf|accessdate=March 25, 2011|archivedate=March 26, 2011|publisher=[[National Police Agency (Japan)|Japanese National Police Agency]]|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kajaba iku, ana Panjaga Pantai Jepang sing njaga perairan teritorial jepang. Penjaga pesisir ngawasi sagara ing sekitaran Jepang lan nggunakake upaya pengawasan lan kontrole tumprap penyelundupan, tindak pidana lingkungan laut, perburuan, pembajakan, kapal mancing asing sing ora sah, lan imigrasi ilegal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/e/image/15_b%20of%20jcg.pdf |title=Japan Coast Guard|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708235951/https://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/e/image/15_b%20of%20jcg.pdf |accessdate=July 8, 2019 |archivedate=July 8, 2019 |publisher=[[Japan Coast Guard]] |url-status=live}}</ref>

Hukum Kontrol Senjata Api lan Pedhang ketat ngatur kepemilikan senjata, pedhang lan gaman liyane kanggo rakyat sipil.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2008/11/29/national/diet-tightens-laws-on-knives-guns/#.XS9faShKi01 |title=Diet tightens laws on knives, guns |date=November 29, 2008 |work=The Japan Times |access-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-date=April 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413233016/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2008/11/29/national/diet-tightens-laws-on-knives-guns/#.XS9faShKi01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/07/a-land-without-guns-how-japan-has-virtually-eliminated-shooting-deaths/260189/ |title=A Land Without Guns: How Japan Has Virtually Eliminated Shooting Deaths |date=July 23, 2012 |first=Max |last=Fisher |work=[[The Atlantic]] }}</ref> Miturut Kantor PBB babagan Narkoba lan Kadurjanan, ing antarane negara-negara anggota PBB liyane, tingkat kedadeyan kriminal ganas kaya ta rajapati, penculikan, kekerasan seksual lan perampokan sithik banget ing Jepang.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=UNODC|title=Victims of intentional homicide, 1990&ndash;2018|url=https://dataunodc.un.org/content/data/homicide/homicide-rate|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=UNODC|url=https://dataunodc.un.org/data/crime/kidnapping|title=Kidnapping: 2018|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=UNODC|title=Sexual violence|url=https://dataunodc.un.org/data/crime/sexual-violence|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=UNODC|title=Robbery: 2018|url=https://dataunodc.un.org/data/crime/Robbery|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref>

== Ekonomi ==
Ekonomi Jepang dadi ekonomi nasional nomer telu paling gedhe ing donya, sawise Amerika Serikat lan Cina, ing babagan PDB nominal,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true&year_high_desc=true|publisher=World Bank|title=GDP (current US$)|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> lan dadi ekonomi nasional paling gedhe nomer papat ing donya, sawise Amerika Serikat, Cina lan India, ing babagan [[paritas daya tuku]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP_PPP.pdf|accessdate=November 11, 2020|title=Gross domestic product 2019, PPP|publisher=World Bank}}</ref> Ing taun 2019, utang negara Jepang kira-kira ana 230 persen saka [[produk domestik bruto]] tahunan, lan dadi sing paling gedhe saka negara liya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fitchratings.com/research/sovereigns/japan-coronavirus-response-increases-public-debt-challenge-15-04-2020|publisher=Fitch Ratings|title=Japan's Coronavirus Response Increases Public Debt Challenge|date=April 15, 2020}}</ref> Ing taun 2019, tenaga kerja Jepang ana kira-kira 67 yuta tenaga kerja.<ref name=sec/> Jepang duwe tingkat pengangguran sing sitik, udakara 2,4 persen.<ref name=sec/> Udakara 16 persen populasi Jepang ana ing sangisore garis kemiskinan ing taun 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/17/japans-rising-child-poverty-exposes-truth-behind-two-decades-of-economic-decline|work=The Guardian|title=Japan's rising child poverty exposes true cost of two decades of economic decline|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=January 17, 2017}}</ref>

Ekspor Jepang gunggunge 18,5% saka PDB ing taun 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS?locations=JP|publisher=World Bank|title=Exports of goods and services (% of GDP): Japan|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> Ing taun 2019, pasar ekspor utama Jepang yaiku Amerika Serikat (19,8 persen) lan China (19,1 persen).<ref name=sec/> Ekspor utamane yaiku peralatan transportasi, kendaraan bermotor, produk besi lan baja, semikonduktor lan suku cadang.<ref name="cia" /> Pasar impor utama Jepang ing taun 2019 yaiku Cina (23,5 persen), Amerika Serikat (11 persen), lan Australia (6,3 persen).<ref name=sec/> Impor utama Jepang yaiku mesin lan peralatan, bahan bakar fosil, bahan pangan, bahan kimia, lan bahan baku kanggo industri.<ref name=sec/>

Jepang dadi nomer 29 saka 190 negara ing indeks kegampangan nindhakake bisnis ing taun 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/rankings|publisher=World Bank|title=Ease of Doing Business rankings|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> Jepang uga duwe sektor koperasi sing gedhe, kanthi telu saka sepuluh [[koperasi]] paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad, kalebu koperasi konsumen paling gedhe lan koperasi pertanian paling gedhe ing donya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ica.coop/sites/default/files/publication-files/wcm2018-printx50-227290600.pdf |title=The 2018 World Cooperative Monitor: Exploring the Cooperative Economy |date=October 2018 |publisher=[[International Co-operative Alliance]] }}</ref> Jepang duweni peringkat duwur ing babagan daya saing lan kebebasan ekonomi. Peringkat nomer enem ing Laporan Daya Saing Global kanggo 2015–2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2015-2016/economies/#indexId=GCI&economy=JPN |title=Country/Economy Profiles: Japan|publisher=World Economic Forum |accessdate=February 24, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2015-2016/competitiveness-rankings/ |title=Competitiveness Rankings |publisher=World Economic Forum |accessdate=February 24, 2016 |archive-date=April 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419144553/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2015-2016/competitiveness-rankings/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Pertanian lan perikanan ===
Sektor pertanian Jepang nyumbang udakara 1,2% saka total PDB negara.<ref name=sec/> Mung 11,5% lahan Jepang sing cocok kanggo ditandur.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.ZS|title=Arable land (% of land area)|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> Amarga kurang lahan sing bisa ditanduri, sistem terasering digunakake kanggo pertanian ing wilayah cilik.<ref name="Urbanites Help Sustain Japan's Historic Rice Paddy Terraces">{{cite web |url=http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/the-people-who-sustain-japans-historic-terraced-rice-fields |title=Urbanites Help Sustain Japan's Historic Rice Paddy Terraces |website=Our World |date=May 22, 2012|author1=Nagata, Akira  |author2=Chen, Bixia}}</ref> Negara iki ngasilake salah sawijining asil panen paling dhuwur ing saindenging jagad, kanthi tingkat swasembada pertanian udakara 50%.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The spatial patterns in long-term temporal trends of three major crops' yields in Japan|doi=10.1080/1343943X.2018.1459752|year=2018|volume=21|last=Chen|first=Hungyen|journal=Plant Production Science|issue=3|pages=177–185}}</ref> Sektor pertanian cilik Jepang, uga disubsidi lan dilindhungi.<ref>{{cite web|work=Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation |title=Japan: Support to agriculture|year=2020|publisher=OECD|accessdate=November 11, 2020|url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/751935f0-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/751935f0-en}}</ref> Ana kekuatiran babagan pertanian amarga para petani saya tuwa lan angel golek penerus.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/12/31/grown-from-necessity-vertical-farming-takes-off-in-ageing-japan.html|title=Grown from necessity: Vertical farming takes off in aging Japan|last=Nishimura|first=Karyn|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=January 1, 2020|website=The Jakarta Post}}</ref>

Jepang ana ing urutan kaping pitu ing jagad in babaan tonase iwak sing dicekel lan nangkep 3.167.610 metrik ton iwak ing 2016, mudhun saka rata-rata tahunan 4.000.000 ton sajrone dasawarsa sadurunge.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/i9540en.pdf |title=The state of world fisheries and aquaculture |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |date=2018 |accessdate=May 25, 2020}}</ref> Jepang nduweni salah sawijining armada mancing paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad lan nyumbang meh 15% saka tangkapan global,<ref name=cia /> iki nyebabake kritik yen mancing ing Jepang nyebabake stok iwak kaya ta tuna dadi suda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/24/japan-criticised-exceed-bluefin-tuna-fishing-quota|newspaper=The Guardian|last=McCurry|first=Justin|title=Japan to exceed bluefin tuna quota amid warnings of commercial extinction|date=April 24, 2017}}</ref> Jepang uga nuwuhake kontroversi kanthi ndhukung mancing komersial paus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48821797|website=BBC News|title=Japan resumes commercial whaling after 30 years|date=July 1, 2019}}</ref>

=== Industri ===
Jepang duwe kapasitas industri sing gedhe lan dadi omah kanggo sawetara "produsen kendaraan bermotor, alat mesin, logam baja lan logam nonferrous, kapal, [[Zat Kimia|bahan kimia]], tekstil, lan [[Pangan olahan|panganan olahan]] paling gedhe lan paling maju sacara teknologi".<ref name="cia"/> Sektor industri Jepang nyumbang udakara 27,5% PDB.<ref name=cia/> Sawetara perusahaan industri utama Jepang kalebu [[Canon|Canon Inc.]], Toshiba lan Nippon Steel.<ref name="cia" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Forbes Global 2000|url=https://www.forbes.com/global2000/list/|website=Forbes|accessdate=November 14, 2016}}</ref> Hasil produksi negara kasebut dadi nomer telu paling dhuwur ing saindenging jagad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manufacturing, value added (current US$) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true|access-date=March 17, 2020|publisher=World Bank}}</ref>

Jepang minangka produsen mobil nomer telu paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad lan dadi omah saka [[Toyota]], perusahaan mobil paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/|title=Production Statistics|publisher=OICA|date=2016|accessdate=November 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/features/time-running-out-japans-car-industry|website=Autocar|title=Is time running out for Japan's car industry?|last=Holder|first=Jim|date=December 15, 2019}}</ref> Industri galangan kapal Jepang ngadhepi persaingan saka Korea Selatan lan China; inisiatif pamrentah taun 2020 ngidentifikasi sektor iki minangka target peningkatan ekspor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://japan-forward.com/japan-targets-to-export-more-ships-revive-global-market-share/|website=Japan Forward|title=Japan Targets to Export More Ships, Revive Global Market Share|last=Okada|first=Mizuki|date=September 5, 2020}}</ref>

=== Jasa lan Pariwisata ===
Sektor jasa Jepang nyumbang kira-kira 70% saka total output ekonomi ing taun 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.SRV.TOTL.ZS|publisher=World Bank|title=Services, value added (% of GDP)|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> Perbankan, ritel, transportasi, lan telekomunikasi minangka industri utamane, kanthi perusahaan kayata Toyota, Mitsubishi UFJ, NTT, ÆON, Softbank, Hitachi, lan Itochu sing kalebu salah sawijining sing paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad.<ref name="Fortune Global 500 ">{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/global500/2020/search/?fg500_country=Japan&non-us-cos-y-n=true |title=Fortune Global 500 |accessdate=November 11, 2020|website=Fortune}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/global2000/#2cb352db335d |title=The World's Largest Public Companies |work=Forbes |accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref>

Jepang narik udakara 31,9 yuta turis internasional ing taun 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statistics.jnto.go.jp/en/graph/#graph--inbound--travelers--transition|title=Trends in the Visitor Arrivals to Japan by Year|publisher=JNTO|accessdate=December 11, 2020}}</ref> Kanggo pariwisata lumebu, Jepang ana ing peringkat nomer 11 ing jagad ing taun 2019.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.5|date=August–September 2020|publisher=UNWTO|title=Statistical Annex|journal=World Tourism Barometer|volume=18|issue=5|page=18|doi=10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.5|doi-access=free}}</ref> Laporan Daya Saing Pariwisata 2017 menggonke Jepang ana ing peringkat 4 saka 141 negara, lan sing paling dhuwur ing Asia.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017 |publisher=World Economic Forum |url=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TTCR_2017_web_0401.pdf |date=April 2017}}</ref>

=== Sains lan teknologi ===
Jepang yaiku salah sawjining negara sing unggul ing [[Métodhe èlmiah|riset ilmiah]], utamane ing ilmu alam lan teknik. Negara kasebut rangking nomer rolas ing antarane negara paling inovatif ing Indeks Inovasi Bloomberg 2020 lan kaping 13 ing Indeks Inovasi Global ing taun 2021, munggah saka 15 ing taun 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Innovation Index 2021  |url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2021/|work=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]]|publisher=[[United Nations]]|accessdate=March 5, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=JAPAN|url=https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_gii_2020/jp.pdf|work=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]]|publisher=[[United Nations]]|accessdate=September 2, 2021}}</ref> Miturut produk domestik bruto, anggaran riset lan pangembangan Jepang minangka sing paling dhuwur nomer loro ing donya,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uis.unesco.org/apps/visualisations/research-and-development-spending/|publisher=UNESCO|title=How much does your country invest in R&D?|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> kanthi 867.000 peneliti nuduhake anggaran riset lan pangembangan 19 triliun yen ing taun 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00388/japan%E2%80%99s-science-and-technology-research-spending-at-new-high.html|website=Nippon.com|date=February 19, 2019|title=Japan's Science and Technology Research Spending at New High}}</ref> Negara iki wis ngasilake rong puluh loro pamenang [[Bebungah Nobel|Nobel]] ing salah siji fisika, kimia utawa kesehatan,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/|publisher=Nobel Media|title=All Nobel Prizes|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref> lan telung medali Fields.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal|publisher=International Mathematical Union|title=Fields Medal|accessdate=November 11, 2020}}</ref>

== Wigati ==
{{reflist}}

== Réferènsi ==
* Conrad Totman, 2000. 'A History of Modern Japan. Blackwell Publishers.'
* C.H. Kwan. 2001. 'Yèn Bloc: Toward Economic Integration in Asia.' Brookings Institution Press.
* Bernson, Mary Hammond and Elaine Magnusson, eds. Modern Japan: An Idea Book for K-12 Teachers. Multicultural Education Resource Serial. Olympia, WA: Office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1984. ED 252 486.
* Cogan, John J. and Donald O. Schneider, eds. Perspectives on Japan: A Guide for Teachers. Washington, DC: National Council for the Social Studies, 1983. ED 236 090.
* East Meets West: Mutual Images. Stanford, CA: California Center for Research in International Studies, l980. ED 196 765.
* Kaderabeck, Leslie. The Japanese Automobile Worker: A Microcosm of Japan's Success. 1985. ED 263 041.
* Murphy, Carole. A Step by Step Guide for Planning a Japanese Cultural Festival. 1983. ED 238 748.
* Wojtan, Linda S. Free Resources for Teaching about Japan. Bloomington, IN: Midwest Program for Teaching about Japan, Indiana University, 1986. ED 270 3891.

== Peringkat internasional ==
* [[Pratélan nagara miturut Indèks Pembangunan Manungsa|Indèks Pembangunan Manungsa]]-peringkat angka 9
* [[Reporters Without Borders]]/Kabébasan Pers-peringkat kaping 44
* [http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html PDB saben kapita]-peringkat kaping 17

== Pirsanana uga ==
{{wikiportal}}
* [[Komunikasi Jepang]]
* [[Masalah ètnis ing Jepang]]
* [[Hubungan manca nagara Jepang]]
* [[Kalender Jepang]]
* [[Budaya ponsel Jepang]]
* [[Militer Jepang]]
* [[Transportasi ing Jepang]]
* [[Pratélan masakan Jepang]]
* [[Pratélan nagara]]
* [[Ninja]]
* [[Samurai]]
* [[Wakizashi]]
* [[Pratélan tembung serapan saka basa Jepang ing basa Indonésia]]

== Pranala njaba ==
=== Resmi ===
* [http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/index-e.html Kantei.go.jp]-Situs resmi kantor nayakotama lan kabinèt
* [http://www.sangiin.go.jp/eng/index.htm Sangi-in.go.jp]-Situs resmi Badan Penasehat
* [http://www.shugiin.go.jp/index.nsf/html/index_e.htm Shugi-in.go.jp]-Situs resmi Dewan Perwakilan
* [http://www.courts.go.jp/english/ehome.htm Courts.go.jp]-Situs resmi Mahkamah Agung Jepang
* [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/eindex.html Kunaicho.go.jp]-Situs resmi kulawarga Kakaisaran
* [http://www.id.emb-japan.go.jp/expljp.html Informasi ngenani Jepang ing situs web resmi Kadutaan Besar Jepang ing Indonésia]

=== Liyané ===
{{Commons|Category:Japan}}
{{wikivoyage|Japan}}
* [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ja.html CIA World Factbook - Japan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040906074816/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ja.html |date=2004-09-06 }}
* [http://www.japan-travel-guide.de/ Jepang - Nihon]

{{Asia Wétan}}
{{Asia}}

[[Kategori:Jepang| ]]
[[Kategori:Kakaisaran]]