Deleng sumberé Basa Swèdhen

{{Infobox Language
|name=Basa Swèdhen
|nativename=svenska
|pronunciation={{IPA-sv|ˈsvɛ̂nskâ|}}
|states=[[Swèdhen]], [[Finlan]]<!--Do not add Estonia to the infobox unless you have concrete evidence of major groups of native speakers in this region.-->
|region=[[Éropa Lor]], sapérangan saka [[Amérika sarékat]] lan nagara-nagara liya.
|speakers= ~ 10 yuta
|rank=78
|script=[[Aksara Latin]] ([[Aksara Swèdhen]])
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Basa jermanik|Jermanik]]
|fam3=[[Basa Jermanik Lor|Jermanik Lor]]
|fam4= Skandinavia Wétan
|nation={{SWE|Swèdhen}}<br />{{FIN|Finlan}}<br />{{EUR|Uni Éropa }}<br /> [[Déwan Nordik]]
|agency=[[Déwan Basa Swèdhen]] (ing Swèdhen) <br /> [[Institut Riset Basa Finlan|Svenska avdelningen]] (ing Finlan)
|iso1=sv|iso2=swe|iso3=swe
|map=Swedish_language_map.svg
}}
'''Basa Swèdhen''' ({{Audio|Sv-svenska.ogg|''svenska''}}) iku sawijining [[Basa]] [[Basa Jermanik Lor|Jermanik Lor]], dituturaké déning watara 10 yuta jiwa,<ref name=speakers>{{cite web | title = Ethnologue report for Swedish | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=swe | accessdate = 2009-02-09}} gives the number of 8,789,835, but is based on data from 1986. Sweden has currently a population of 9.2 Mio (2008 census), and there are about 290,000 native speakers of Swedish in Finland {{cite web | title = Statistics Finland-Population Structure | url = http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_vaesto_en.html | accessdate = 2009-02-09}}, based on data from 2007), leading to an estimate of about 9 to 10 Mio.</ref> mligi ing [[Swèdhen]] lan sapérangan [[Finlan]], mligi ing sadawaning pasisir lan ing [[pulo]]  [[Pulo Åland|Åland]]. Basa iki uga bisa silih dimangertèni déning pamicara [[basa Nurwègen]] lan sanadyan sethithik karo [[basa Dhènemarken]].  Kayadéné basa-basa Jermanik Lor liyané, basa Swèdhen iku turunan saka [[Old Norse]], basa lumrahé wong Jermanik kang urip ing Skandinavia ing sajeroning mangsa Viking.
<!--
[[Standard Swedish]], used by most [[Swedish people]], is the national language that evolved from the Central Swedish dialects in the 19th century and was well established by the beginning of the 20th century. While distinct regional [[Variety (linguistics)|varieties]] descended from the older rural [[dialect]]s still exist, the spoken and [[written language]] is uniform and standardized. Some dialects differ considerably from the standard language in [[grammar]] and [[vocabulary]] and are not always mutually intelligible with Standard Swedish. These dialects are confined to [[rural]] areas and are spoken primarily by small numbers of people with low [[social mobility]]. Though not facing imminent [[Extinct language|extinction]], such dialects have been in decline during the past century, despite the fact that they are well researched and their use is often encouraged by local authorities.
 
The standard word order is [[Subject Verb Object]], though this can often be changed to stress certain words or phrases. Swedish [[Morphology (linguistics)|morphology]] is similar to English; that is, words have comparatively few [[inflection]]s. There are two [[grammatical gender|genders]], no [[grammatical case]]s, and a distinction between [[plural]] and [[Grammatical number|singular]]. Older analyses posit the cases [[Nominative case|nominative]] and [[Genitive case|genitive]] and there are some remains of distinct [[accusative]] and [[dative]] forms as well. [[Adjective]]s are compared as in English, and are also inflected according to gender, number and definiteness. The [[definiteness]] of nouns is marked primarily through [[suffix]]es (endings), complemented with separate definite and indefinite [[article (grammar)|articles]]. The [[prosody (linguistics)|prosody]] features both [[stress (linguistics)|stress]] and in most dialects [[tone (linguistics)|tonal]] qualities. The language has a comparatively large [[vowel]] inventory. Swedish is also notable for the [[voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative]], a highly variable consonant [[phoneme]].
-->
== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Réferènsi ==
=== Cithakan ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{sv icon}} {{Citation
 | last = Bergman
 | first = Gösta
 | date = 1984
 | title = Kortfattad svensk språkhistoria
 | edition = 4th
 | place = Stockholm
 | publisher = Prisma
 | series = Prisma Magnum
 | isbn = 91-518-1747-0
 | oclc = 13259382
 | ref = CITEREFBergman
}}
* {{sv icon}} {{Citation
 | last = Bolander
 | first = Maria
 | date = 2002
 | title = Funktionell svensk grammatik
 | place = Stockholm
 | publisher = Liber
 | isbn = 91-47-05054-3
 | oclc = 67138445
 | ref = CITEREFBolander
}}
* {{Citation
 | last = Crystal
 | first = David
 | author-link = David Crystal
 | date = 1999
 | edition = 2nd
 | title = The Penguin dictionary of language
 | place = London
 | publisher = [[Penguin Books]]
 | isbn = 0-14-051416-3
 | oclc = 59441560
 | ref = CITEREFCrystal
}}
* {{sv icon}} {{Citation
 | last = Dahl
 | first = Östen
 | date = 2000
 | title = Språkets enhet och mångfald
 | place = Lund
 | publisher = Studentlitteratur
 | isbn = 91-44-01158-X
 | oclc = 61100963
 | ref = CITEREFDahl
}}
* {{sv icon}} {{Citation
 | last = Engstrand
 | first = Olle
 | date = 2004
 | title = Fonetikens grunder
 | place = Lund
 | publisher = Studentlitteratur
 | isbn = 91-44-04238-8
 | oclc = 66026795
 | ref = CITEREFEngstrand
}}
* {{sv icon}} {{Citation
 | last = Elert
 | first = Claes-Christian
 | date = 2000
 | title = Allmän och svensk fonetik
 | edition = 8th
 | place = Stockholm
 | publisher = Norstedts Akademiska Förlag
 | isbn = 91-1-300939-7
 | oclc = 
 | ref = CITEREFElert
}}
* {{sv icon}} Ferlin, Nils ''Barfotabarn'' (1976) Stockholm: Bonnier ISBN 91-0-024187-3
* {{sv icon}} {{Citation
 | last = Garlén
 | first = Claes
 | date = 1988
 | title = Svenskans fonologi
 | place = Lund
 | publisher = Studentlitteratur
 | isbn = 91-44-28151-X 
 | oclc = 67420810
 | ref = CITEREFGarlén
}}
* {{Citation
 | last = Granberry
 | first = Julian
 | date = 1991
 | title = Essential Swedish Grammar
 | place = New York
 | publisher = [[Dover Publications]]
 | isbn = 0-486-26953-1
 | oclc = 23692877
 | ref = CITEREFGranberry
}}
* {{Citation
 | author = [[International Phonetic Association]]
 | date = 1999
 | title = Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: a guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
 | place = Cambridge
 | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
 | isbn = 0-521-63751-1
 | oclc = 40305532
}}
* {{sv icon}} Josephson, Olle (2005) ''Ju: ifrågasatta självklarheter om svenskan, engelskan och alla andra språk i Sverige'' 2nd edition, Stockholm: Nordstedts ordbok, ISBN 91-7227-446-8
* {{sv icon}} {{Citation
 | last = Kotsinas
 | first = Ulla-Britt
 | date = 1994
 | title = Ungdomsspråk
 | place = Uppsala
 | publisher = Hallgren & Fallgren
 | isbn = 91-7382-718-5
 | oclc = 60994967
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}}
* {{sv icon}} {{Citation
 | last = Pettersson
 | first = Gertrud
 | date = 1996
 | title = Svenska språket under sjuhundra år: en historia om svenskan och dess utforskande
 | place = Lund
 | publisher = Studentlitteratur
 | isbn = 91-44-48221-3
 | oclc = 36130929
 | ref = CITEREFPettersson
}}
* {{sv icon}} {{Citation
  | author = Svenska språknämnden
  | authorlink = Svenska språknämnden
  | title = Svenska skrivregler
  | edition = 2nd
  | date = 2000
  | publication-date = 2002, 3rd printing
  | publisher = Liber
  | place = Stockholm
  | isbn = 91-47-04974-X
  | ref = CITEREFSvenska_språknämnden
}}
* {{sv icon}} {{Citation
 | last = Svensson
 | first = Lars
 | date = 1974
 | title = Nordisk paleografi: Handbok med transkriberade och kommenterade skriftprov
 | place = Lund
 | publisher = Studentlitteratur
 | isbn = 9144053916
 | oclc = 1303752
 | ref = CITEREFSvensson
}}
{{refend}}

=== Sumber wèb ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{sv icon}} [[Nationalencyklopedin]] (online edition)
* {{sv icon}} [http://www.svenskbyborna.com/ Föreningen Svenskbyborna] (Svenskbyborna Society)
{{refend}}

== Wacan ==
=== Kursus basa ===
* ''Colloquial Swedish–The complete course for beginners Second Edition''. Holmes, Philip; Serin, Gunilla (1999).   London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-13718-7
* ''Teach Yourself Swedish–A complete course for beginners''. Croghan, Vera (1995).   London: Hodder & Stoughton. Chicago: NTC/Contemporary Publishing. ISBN 0-340-61860-4
* ''Svenska utifrån–Lärobok i svenska''. Nyborg, Roger; et al. (2001) ISBN 91-520-0673-5
* ''På svenska! 1 Svenska som främmande språk–Lärobok''. Göransson, Ulla; et al. (1997) ISBN 91-7434-392-2
* ''På svenska! 2 Svenska som främmande språk–Lärobok''. Göransson, Ulla; et al. (2002) ISBN 91-7434-462-5
* ''[Swedish Basic Course http://fsi-language-courses.org/Content.php?page=Swedish Fsi-language.org]''. Foreign Service Institute
* ''Rivstart: A1+A2''. Scherrer, Paula Levy; Lindemalm, Karl (2008). Natur och Kultur. ISBN 9789127666856
* ''Rivstart: B1+B2''. Scherrer, Paula Levy; Lindemalm, Karl (2009). Natur och Kultur. ISBN10: 9127666875

=== Tata basa ===
* ''Swedish Essentials of Grammar'' Viberg, Åke; et al. (1991) Chicago: Passport Books. ISBN 0-8442-8539-
* ''Swedish: An Essential Grammar''. Holmes, Philip; Hinchliffe, Ian; (2000). London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16048-0.
* ''Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar Second Edition''. Holmes, Philip; Hinchliffe, Ian; (2003). London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-27884-8.
* ''Svenska utifrån Schematic grammar–Swedish structures and everyday phrases'' Byrman, Gunilla; Holm, Britta; (1998) ISBN 91-520-0519-4.

=== Kamus ===
* ''Prisma's Swedish-English Dictionary Third Edition'' (1997) ISBN 0-8166-3163-8
* ''Prisma's English-Swedish Dictionary Third Edition'' (1997) ISBN 0-8166-3162-X
* ''Norstedts lilla engelska ordbok'' Petti, Vincent; Petti, Kerstin; (1999) ISBN 91-7227-009-8.
* ''Norstedts första svenska ordbok'' Ernby, Birgitta; et al. (2001) ISBN 91-7227-186-8.

== Pranala njaba ==
{{InterWiki|code=sv}}
{{Wikibooks|Swedish}}
{{Wiktionary|Category:Swedish language}}

=== Tata basa ===
* A concise [http://www.lysator.liu.se/language/Languages/Swedish/Grammar.html Swedish Grammar], prepared by Leif Stensson.
* [http://www.fsi-language-courses.org/Content.php?page=Swedish Swedish basic course] (student text + audio files), developed by the American Foreign Service Institute.

=== Tembung ===
* [http://www.swedish-flashcards.com/ Swedish Flashcard Site]

=== Kamus ===
* [http://lexin2.nada.kth.se/swe-eng.html Swedish-English]/[http://lexin2.nada.kth.se/sve-ara.html Swedish-Arabic]/[http://lexin2.nada.kth.se/sve-rys.html Swedish-Russian]/[http://lexin2.nada.kth.se/sve-spa.html Swedish-Spanish] Dictionaries from [http://lexin2.nada.kth.se/ Språkrådet - Institute for Language and Folklore]
* [http://tyda.se/ tyda.se]
* [http://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Huvudsida sv.wiktionary]
* [http://folkets-lexikon.csc.kth.se/folkets/folkets.en.html People's dictionary]
* [http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/translation/Swedish/ Swedish Dictionary] from [http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/ Webster's Dictionary]
* [http://runeberg.org/nf/#en Project Runeberg's digital facsimile edition of ''Nordisk familjebok''], the definitive Swedish-language encyclopaedia of the late 19th and early to mid 20th centuries.
* [http://www.norstedtsord.se/ Norstedts Swedish-English online dictionary]

{{Germanic languages}}
{{Basa resmi Uni Éropa}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swèdhen }}
[[Kategori:Basa Swèdhen| ]]
[[Kategori:Kulawarga basa Jermanika Lor|Swèdhen]]