Deleng sumberé Sochi

{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
| en_name                 = Sochi
| ru_name                 = Сочи
|image_skyline            = {{Photomontage
| photo1a                 = Sochi harbour.jpg{{!}}Port of Sochi
| photo2a                 = Sochi adler aerial view 2018 20.jpg{{!}}Sochi Park
| photo2b                 = Аэрофотоснимок Зимнего театра 04 (cropped).jpg{{!}}Winter Theatre
| photo3a                 = Sochi adler aerial view 2018 14.jpg{{!}}Sochi Olympic Park
| photo3b                 = А-147 Джубга — Сочи, км 202, развязка Голубые Дали.jpg{{!}}Adler Railway Station 
| photo4a                 = Аэрофотоснимок Зимнего театра 02.jpg{{!}}Bird's-eye view of Sochi
| spacing                 = 2
| position                = center
| color_border            = white
| color                   = white
| size                    = 270
| foot_montage            = '''Dari paling atas''': [[Pelabuhan Sochi]], Taman Sochi, Winter Theatre, [[Taman Olimpiade Sochi]], [[Adler railway station|Adler Railway Station]]<br />[[Bird's-eye view]] of Sochi
}}
| mapsize                 = 230px
| pushpin_map             = Russia Krasnodar Krai#Russia#Europe
| pushpin_relief          = 1
| coordinates             = {{Coord|43|35|07|N|39|43|13|E|display=inline,title}}
| image_flag              = Flag of Sochi (Krasnodar krai).svg
| flag_caption            = 
| image_coa               = Coat of Arms of Sochi (Krasnodar krai).svg
| coa_caption             = 
| anthem                  = 
| anthem_ref              = 
| holiday                 = 
| holiday_ref             = 
<!-- administrative status -->
| federal_subject         = [[Krasnodar Krai]]
| federal_subject_ref     = <ref name="Ref1481" />
| adm_district_jur        = 
| adm_district_jur_ref    = 
| adm_inhabloc_jur        = [[City of federal subject significance|City]] of Sochi
| adm_inhabloc_jur_ref    = <ref name="Ref1481" />
| adm_citydistrict_jur    = 
| adm_citydistrict_type   = 
| adm_citydistrict_jur_ref = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur       = 
| adm_selsoviet_type      = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur_ref   = 
| capital_of              = 
| capital_of_ref          = 
| adm_ctr_of1             = City of Sochi 
| adm_ctr_of1_ref         = <ref name="Ref1481" /> 
| adm_ctr_of2             = 
| adm_ctr_of2_ref         = 
| adm_ctr_of3             = 
| adm_ctr_of3_ref         = 
| inhabloc_cat            = City
| inhabloc_cat_ref        = <ref name="Ref1481" />
| inhabloc_type           = 
| inhabloc_type_ref       = 
<!-- municipal status -->
| mun_district_jur        = 
| mun_district_jur_ref    = 
| urban_okrug_jur         = Sochi Urban Okrug
| urban_okrug_jur_ref     = <ref name="Ref753"/>
| urban_settlement_jur    = 
| urban_settlement_jur_ref = 
| rural_settlement_jur    = 
| rural_settlement_jur_ref = 
| inter_settlement_territory = 
| inter_settlement_territory_ref = 
| mun_admctr_of1          = Sochi Urban Okrug 
| mun_admctr_of1_ref      = <ref name="Ref753"/> 
| mun_admctr_of2          = 
| mun_admctr_of2_ref      = 
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_title_ref        = <ref name="Head">[http://english.sochiru.ru/ Official website of Sochi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111120701/http://english.sochiru.ru/ |date=January 11, 2014 }}</ref>
| leader_name             = [[Alexey Kopaigorodsky]]
| leader_name_ref         = <ref name="Head" />
| representative_body     = [[City Assembly of Sochi|City Assembly]]
| representative_body_ref = 
<!-- statistics -->
| elevation_m             = 
| area_km2                = 176.77
| area_km2_ref            = <ref name="Area" />
| pop_2010census          = 343334
| pop_2010census_rank     = 52nd
| pop_2010census_ref      = <ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
| pop_latest              = 443562
| pop_latest_date         = August 2020
| pop_latest_ref          = <ref name=est.2020>{{cite web|title=RUSSIA: Južnyj Federal'nyj Okrug: Southern Federal District|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/russia/cities/southern/|publisher=City Population.de|date=August 8, 2020|access-date=August 28, 2020}}</ref> 
| population_demonym      = 
| time_zone_ref           = 
<!-- history -->
| established_date        = 1838
| established_title       = 
| established_date_ref    = <ref name="GSE" /><ref name="Mus" />
| current_cat_date        = 
| current_cat_date_ref    = 
| abolished_date          = 
| abolished_date_ref      = 
<!-- misc -->
| postal_codes            = 354000, 354002–354004, 354008–354010, 354013, 354014, 354018, 354019, 354022, 354024, 354025, 354030, 354031, 354033, 354036, 354037, 354039, 354053–354055, 354057, 354059, 354061, 354065–354068, 354071, 354073, 354084, 354099, 354200, 354202–354214, 354216–354218, 354220, 354226, 354231, 354233, 354299, 354340, 354346, 354348, 354349, 354354, 354355, 354364, 354380, 354382, 354383, 354399, 993501
| postal_codes_ref        = 
| dialing_codes           = 862
| dialing_codes_ref       = 
| website                 = http://sochiadm.ru/
| date = January 2019
}}
'''Sochi''' ({{lang-rus|Со́чи|p=ˈsotɕɪ|a=Ru-Сочи.ogg}}) iku [[kutha resor]] paling gedhé ing [[Rusia]]. Kutha iki dumunung ing [[Sochi (kali)|Kali Sochi]], ing [[Sagara Ireng]] ing [[Rusia Kidul]], kanthi populasi 443.562 jiwa,<ref name=est.2020>{ {{cite web|judhul=RUSSIA: Južnyj Federal'nyj Okrug: Distrik Federal Kidul|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/russia/cities/southern/|publisher=City Population.de|date=8 Agustus , 2020|access-date=28 Agustus 2020}}</ref> nganti 600.000 pendhudhuk ing wilayah kutha. Kutha iki jembaré {{convert|176,77|km2|sp=us}},<ref name="Area">{{Kutip hukum Rusia|ru_entity=Городское Собрание Сочи|ru_type=Решение|ru_number=89|ru_date= 14 июля 2009 г.|ru_title=Об утверждении генерального плана городского округа города Сочи|ru_effective_date=со дня опубликования|ru_url=http://www.gs-sochi.ru/upload/iblock/e47/wxdqimw%20waziohbbow%20kuxyhwww%20ktjo %20jd%2014_07_2009%20N%2089%20%20mn%20kzkq.pdf|en_entity=Majelis Kota Sochi|en_type=Keputusan|en_number=89|en_date=14 Juli 2009|en_title=Ing Rencana Umum Adoption Okrug Perkotaan Kutha Sochi|en_effective_date=tanggal publikasi}}</ref> nalika Area Greater Sochi nyakup {{convert|3502|km2|sp=us}}.<ref name="Area"/> Sochi ngliwati {{convert|145|km|sp=us}}, lan kutha paling dawa ing [[Eropa]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/ world-europe-26022318|title=Sochi: Kutha Rusia ing ngendi aku tuwuh|work=BBC|author=Rafael Saakov|date=Februari 4, 2014|access-date=2 Agustus 8, 2020}}</ref> kutha paling gedhe nomer lima ing [[Distrik Federal Kidul]], kutha paling gedhe nomer loro ing [[Krasnodar Krai]], lan [[Sagara Ireng#Population|kutha paling gedhe nomer enem]] ing Sagara Ireng.

Minangka bagéan saka [[Caucasian Riviera]], iku salah siji saka sawetara panggonan ing Rusia karo iklim [[subtropis]], karo panas anget kanggo panas lan mangsa entheng kanggo adhem.

Sochi dadi tuan rumah [[Olimpiade Musim Dingin 2014|Olimpiade Musim Dingin XXII]] lan [[Paralimpiade Musim Dingin 2014|Olimpiade Musim Dingin Paralimpik XI]] ing taun 2014. Iki dadi tuan rumah acara Olimpiade Alpine lan Nordic ing resor ski cedhak [[Rosa Khutor Alpine] Resort|Rosa Khutor]] ing [[Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai|Krasnaya Polyana]]. Iki uga dadi tuan rumah Formula 1 [[Grand Prix Rusia]] wiwit 2014 nganti 2021.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/front_page/6271122.stm Sochi dadi tuan rumah Olimpiade Musim Dingin 2014] BBC Olahraga, 4 Juli 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/244943/pm-putin-confirms-russian-gp-for-2014/ PM Putin konfirmasi Rusian GP kanggo 2014] GPUpdate, 15 Oktober 2010</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-terminates-russian-gp-contract-after- cancellation-of-2022-race/8661691/|title=F1 mungkasi kontrak GP Rusia sawise pembatalan balapan 2022}}</ref> Kutha iki uga dadi salah sawijining kutha tuan rumah kanggo [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]].

== Etimologi ==
Konsensus umum (uga diakoni dening situs web kutha dhewe<ref name="mus" />) yaiku jeneng "Sochi" ({{Lang-ru|Сочи}}) minangka wangun Russified saka [[basa Sircassian|Circassian]] "Ş̂açə" ({{Lang-ady|Шъачэ}}) sing asalé saka [[basa Ubykh|Ubykh-Circassian]], asalé saka jeneng Ubykh "Ş̂uaça" ({{Lang-uby|Шъуача }}).<ref name="mus">Eksposisi Museum Sejarah Sochi, sebagian digambarake ing basa Rusia ing [https://web.archive.org/web/20101011234131/http:/ /www.sochiadm.ru/content/section/35/detail/31/ История Сочи] (Sajarah Sochi) ing situs resmi kutha</ref><ref name=":0">А. В. Твёрдый. ''Топонимический словарь Кавказа''</ref><ref>Aku, Ali. ''Çerkez tarihi''</ref> Iku [[Senyawa (linguistik)|senyawa]] digawe munggah saka rong tembung Ubykh "шъуа" (sagara) lan "ча" (sisih) lan kira-kira nerjemahake menyang "Seaside / pesisir".<ref name = ": 0" /> Ana pratelan lan teori liyane, miturut sumber Georgian. , tembung iki asalé saka tembung Georgia kanggo "fir", "soch'i" ({{Lang-ka|სოჭი}}).<ref>[http://www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index. php?a=term&d=46&t=204821 "სოჭი", ''A Comprehensive Georgian-English Dictionary'', 2006, 2 cilt]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ISBN 0-9535878-3-5</ref>

== Riwayat ==
{{Utama|Sajarah Sochi}}

=== Riwayat Awal ===
Sadurungé wilayah kabèh ditaklukaké déning [[Cimmerian]], [[Scythian]] lan [[Sarmatian]] penjajah, wong [[Zygii]] (Proto-[[Circassians|Adyghe]]) manggon ing [[Abkhazia Kecil]] ] ing [[Karajaan Pontus]], banjur pengaruh [[Kakaisaran Romawi]] ing [[kuno klasik|kuno]]. Saka abad kaping 6 nganti abad kaping 11, wilayah kasebut terus-terusan dadi krajan Georgia [[Lazica]] lan [[Karajaan Abkhazia|Abkhazia]], sing mbangun puluhan gréja ing wates kutha, sing banjur dadi [[Karajaan Abkhazia] Georgia#Unification of the Georgian State|unified]] ing sangisoré [[Kingdom of Georgia|Monarki Georgia]] ing abad kaping-11, mbentuk salah siji saka [[Saeristavo]], sing dikenal minangka [[Kadipaten Tskhumi|Tskhumi]] ngluwihi kagungane nganti [[Nicopsis]]. Pemukiman Kristen ing pinggir pesisir dirusak dening [[Alans]], [[Khazars]], [[Kakaisaran Mongol|Mongol]] lan [[kekaisaran nomad]] liyane sing kontrol wilayah kasebut sithik. Tembok sisih lor abad kaping 11 [[arsitektur Bizantium|Byzantine]] [[basilica]] isih ana ing [[Loo Microdistrict]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arch-sochi. ru/2012/05/vizantiyskiy-hram-v-loo/|script-title=ru:Византийский храм в Лоо|publisher=Архитектура Сочи|language=ru|access-date=30 Januari 2012-05-2014| 16}}</ref>

Antarane [[abad kaping 13]] lan [[abad kaping 15]], [[Republik Genoa]] duweni monopoli perdagangan ing pesisir Sagara Ireng, lan nggawe koloni lan pos dagang ing wilayah Sochi saiki, sing paling gedhe yaiku [[Adler Microdistrict|Layso]] lan [[Khosta Microdistrict|Costa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Генуэзцы|url=http://edemkavkaza/|access-date=2020-11-18|website=edemkavkaza.ru|archive-date=2022-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318050902/http://edemkavkaza/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-05-19|title= Кродлик, содлие, содание, история, Факаия, Факжия, Акакжия, Акакжиия, Аия интереререререререререререререререререререререретные факты {{!}} Nicko.ru =ru-RU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Фунтиков|first=Илья|date=2017-04-26|title=Генуэзская крепость в Хосте|url=https://sochinews.io /2017/04/26/genuezskaya-krepost-v-hoste/|access-date=2020-11-18|website=Новости Сочи Sochinews.io|language=ru-RU}}</ref>

Saka abad kaping 14 nganti abad kaping 19, wilayah iki didominasi suku [[wong Abkhaz|Abkhaz]], [[wong Ubykh|Ubykh]] lan [[wong Adyghe|Adyghe]], panggonan saiki kutha Sochi. (Ş̂açə) sing dikenal minangka [[Ubykhia]] minangka bagéan saka sajarah [[Circassia]], lan dikuwasani déning wong pribumi klan pendaki gunung lokal Kaukasus sisih lor-kulon, nominal ing sangisoré kedaulatan [[Kakaisaran Ottoman]] , sing dadi mitra dagang utama ing jagad Islam.

=== Kakaisaran Rusia ===
Garis pantai iki dipasrahake marang [[Rusia]] ing taun 1829 minangka akibat saka [[Perang Rusia-Circassian]] lan [[Perang Rusia-Turki (1828–1829)|Perang Rusia-Turki]], 1828–1829; nanging [[Circassians]] ora nampa kontrol Rusia ing [[Circassia]] lan tetep nglawan pos-pos Rusia sing mentas diadegaké ing sadawane [[pansisir Sirkassia]] ({{lang-ady|Адыгэ хы аушу}}).<ref name="Mus">Eksposisi Museum Sejarah Sochi, sebagian digambarake ing basa Rusia ing {{cite web |url=http://www.sochiadm.ru/content/section/35/detail/31/ |title=История Сочи |url-status=dead |access-date=14 Dhésèmber 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011234131/http://www.sochiadm.ru/content/section |archive-date=2010-10-11 }} (Sajarah Sochi) ing situs resmi kutha</ref><ref name="Mus2">[http://english.ruvr .ru/2010/07/05/11511062.html Sochi – saka situs kuna nganti Olimpiade 2014]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, informasi saka Museum Sejarah Sochi</ref> Penyediaan senjata lan amunisi saka luar negeri menyang Circassians nyebabake konflik diplomatik antarane [ [Kakaisaran Rusia|Kakaisaran Rusia]] lan [[Abad Kekaisaran Inggris|Kakaisaran Inggris]] sing dumadi abang ing taun 1836 liwat [[misi Vixen|misi ''Vixen'']].<ref>[[Peter Hopkirk]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=1_41VGoCYU8C&pg=PA158 ''The great game: On Secret Service in High Asia''], Bab 12 "The Greatest Fortress in the World", pp. 158–159, Oxford University Press, 2001 {{ISBN|0-19-280232-1} }</ref>

Wong Rusia ora duwe kawruh sing rinci babagan wilayah kasebut nganti Baron [[Feodor Tornau]] nyelidiki rute pesisir saka [[Gelendzhik]] menyang [[Gagra]], lan nyabrang gunung menyang [[Kabarda]], ing taun 1830-an.{ {kutipan needed|date=Oktober 2010}} Ing taun 1838, bèntèng Alexandria, sing dijenengi Navaginsky setaun sakbanjuré, didegaké ing muara [[Kali Sochi]] minangka bagéan saka garis pesisir Sagara Ireng, rantai pitulas. bètèng-bètèng diatur kanggo nglindhungi wilayah saka resistance Circassian bola-bali. Nalika pecah [[Perang Krimea]], garnisun dievakuasi saka Navaginsky supaya ora dicekel déning wong Turki, sing banjur ndharat ing [[Adler, Rusia|Cape Adler]].

Perang pungkasan ing [[Perang Russo-Circassian]], [[Perang Qbaada]], dumadi ing taun 1864 lan bèntèng Dakhovsky diadegaké ing panggonan bèntèng Navaginsky. Pungkasane Perang Kaukasia diproklamasikake ing Qbaada tract (modern [[Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai|Krasnaya Polyana]]) tanggal 2 Juni (21 Mei [[Old Style|O.S.]]), 1864, kanthi manifesto [ [Kaisar]] [[Alexander II saka Rusia|Alexander&nbsp;II]] diwaca kanthi banter dening [[Adipati Agung Michael Nikolaevich saka Rusia]].<ref name="Mus" />

== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategori:Kutha ing Rusia]]
[[Kategori:CS1 dandani: Basa ora kaweruhan]]
[[Kategori:Koordhinat ana ing Wikidata]]
[[Kategori:Sochi]]