Deleng sumberé Kalkuta

{{Infobox settlement
|name = Kolkata
|official_name  =
|native_name = কলকাতা
|native_name_lang = bn
|other_name = Calcutta
|settlement_type  = [[Megacity]]<!-- Kolkata is a mother city, so it is metropolis. If the page includes surrounding places, then it can be mentioned as metropolitan area]]-->
|image_skyline          = Kolkata Imgs.jpg
|image_caption          = Saarah jarum jam saka ndhuwur: [[Victoria Memorial (India)|Victoria Memorial]], [[St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata|St. Paul's Cathedral]], central business district, [[Howrah Bridge]], jalur trèm kutha, [[Vidyasagar Setu|Vidyasagar Bridge]]
|nickname  = City of Joy<br />City of Palaces<ref>[[List of city nicknames in India]]</ref><br />Cultural Capital of India<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kolkata.citydetails.in/city-guide-leftmenu-117/359-kolkata-the-cultural-capital-of-india.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2016-09-12 |archive-date=2013-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002244/https://kolkata.citydetails.in/city-guide-leftmenu-117/359-kolkata-the-cultural-capital-of-india.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[[Culture of Kolkata]]</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/1245/india-calcutta-the-capital-of-culture.html|title=India: Calcutta, the capital of culture-Telegraph|work=telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=25 Juli 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-kolkata-remains-cultural-capital-of-india-amitabh-bachchan-1763111 Kolkata remains cultural capital of India<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/foundation-of-kolkata-museum-of-modern-art-laid-113111400889_1.html|title=Foundation of Kolkata Museum of Modern Art laid|first=Press Trust of|last=India|work=business-standard.com|accessdate=25 Juli 2016}}</ref>
|image_map      =
|mapsize        =
|map_caption     =
|pushpin_map            = India West Bengal
|pushpin_label_position = left
|pushpin_map_caption    = Lokasi Kolkata ing West Bengal
|latd  = 22 
|latm  = 34 
|lats  = 22
|latNS  = N
|longd = 88 
|longm = 21 
|longs = 50
|longEW = E
|coordinates_display    = inline, title
|subdivision_type       = Negara
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1      = Negara pérangan
|subdivision_type2      = [[Divisi West Bengal|Divisi]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[:West Bengal]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[:Presidency division|Presidency]]
|subdivision_name3      = [[:Kolkata district|Kolkata]]{{refn|The Kolkata metropolitan area also includes portions of [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]], [[South 24 Parganas district|South 24 Parganas]], [[Howrah district|Howrah]], [[Nadia district|Nadia]], and [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] districts. See: [[Kolkata#Urban structure|Urban structure]].|group=upper-alpha}}
|government_type        = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
|governing_body          = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation|KMC]]
|leader_party           = [[All India Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
|leader_title1           = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Mayor]]
|leader_name1            = [[Sovan Chatterjee]]<ref name="Mayor">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Sovan-Chatterjee-to-be-new-Kolkata-mayor/Article1-554057.aspx |title=Sovan Chatterjee to be new Kolkata mayor |newspaper=Hindustan Times |location=New Delhi |date=6 Juni 2010 |accessdate=26 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719034005/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Sovan-Chatterjee-to-be-new-Kolkata-mayor/Article1-554057.aspx |archivedate=19 Juli 2011 }}</ref>
|area_footnotes         = <ref name="census1"/>
|area_magnitude         = 1 E+7
|area_total_km2         = 185
|area_total_sq_mi       = 79.151
|area_metro_km2         = 1886.67
|area_metro_sq_mi       = 728.45
|elevation_m            = 9
|elevation_ft           = 30
|population_total       = 4,496,694
|population_as_of       = 2011
|population_footnotes   = <ref name="census1">{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook-Kolkata|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1916_PART_B_DCHB_KOLKATA.pdf|website=Census of India|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner|accessdate=13 Mèi 2016|pages=43|format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="KOL">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=351736|publisher=Census of India|title=Kolkata Municipal Corporation Demographics|access-date=3 Juni 2016}}</ref>
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_metro       = 14112536<br />14,617,882 (Extended UA)
|population_metro_footnotes =<ref name=kolkatauapop2011/><ref name="extended UA 2011">{{cite web|title=INDIA STATS : Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011|url=http://pibmumbai.gov.in/scripts/detail.asp?releaseId=E2011IS3|website=Press Information Bureau, Mumbai|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=20 Agustus 2015}}</ref>
|population_rank        = [[List of most populous cities in India|7th]]
|population_blank1_title= Metropolitan rank
|population_blank1      = [[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|3rd]]
|population_demonym     = Kolkatan
|timezone1              = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset1            = +05:30
|postal_code_type       = [[Postal Index Number|ZIP code(s)]]
|postal_code            = 700 001 to 700 162
|area_code              = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91-33]]
|registration_plate     = WB 01 to WB 10, WB 19 to WB 22 
|blank_name_sec1        = [[UN/LOCODE]]
|blank_info_sec1        = IN CCU
|website                = {{URL|https://www.kmcgov.in/}}
|footnotes              = {{Reflist|group=upper-alpha}}
|coordinates_region     = IN-WB
|leader_title2= [[Sheriff of Kolkata|Sheriff]]
|leader_name2= [[Ranjit Mallik]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Ranjit the sheriff|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140101/jsp/calcutta/story_17738687.jsp|accessdate=17 Januari 2014|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=1 Januari 2014}}</ref>
|leader_title3= Police commissioner
|leader_name3= Rajeev Kumar<ref>{{cite news|title=New CP reaches slain cop's house with job letter|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-16/kolkata/37132361_1_police-commissioner-police-force-new-police|access-date=17 Fèbruari 2013|newspaper=Times of India|date=16 Fèbruari 2013|archive-date=2013-04-11|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20130411033351/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-16/kolkata/37132361_1_police-commissioner-police-force-new-police|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|blank1_name            = Basa resmi
|blank1_info            = [[Basa Bengali|Bengali]] lan Inggris
}}
{{Contains Bangla text}}

'''Kalkuta''', '''Kalkutah'''<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.sastra.org/koran-majalah-dan-jurnal/50-kajawen/358-kajawen-balai-pustaka-1930-05-1645|title=Ebah-ebahan kabangsan ing Indhia Inggris|magazine=Kajawèn|issue=358|page=581|publisher=Balai Pustaka|date=1 Mèi 1930|accessdate=25 Dhésèmber 2017}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> utawa '''Kolkata''' {{IPAc-en|k|oʊ|l|ˈ|k|ɑː|t|ɑː}} (biyèn '''Calcutta''' {{IPAc-en|k|ae|l|'|k|V|t|@}}) iku [[kutha krajan]] saka [[praja India|praja]] [[India]] [[West Bengal]]. Dumunung ing pinggiran wétan [[Kali Hooghly]], iku pusat komersial, budaya, lan pendidikan utama ing [[India Wétan]], lan [[Plabuhan Kolkata]] ya iku plabuhan kang isih operasi tuwa dhéwé ing India lan plabuhan tunggal utama kali. Ing 2011, kutha iki nduwé populasi 4,5&nbsp;yuta, sawatara populasi ing kutha lan pinggiran ana 14.1&nbsp;yuta, nggawe [[Pratèlaning tlatah metropolitan paling akèh kang ndunungi India|tlatah metropolitan paling akèh kang ndunungi kaping telu]] ing India. Ing 2008 prodhuk dhomèstik brutoné (diatur kanggo [[paritas daya tuku]]) dikira-kira dadi {{USD}}104 milyar, kang [[Pratèlaning kutha miturut PDB|paling dhuwur katelu antarané kutha India]], sakngisoré [[Mumbai]] lan [[Delhi]].<ref name="pricewater">{{cite web|author1=John Hawksworth|author2=Thomas Hoehn|author3=Anmol Tiwari|title=Which are the largest city economies in the world and how  might this change by 2025?|url=http://pwc.blogs.com/files/global-city-gdp-rankings-2008-2025.pdf|publisher=[[PricewaterhouseCoopers]]|accessdate=17 April 2015|date=Novèmber 2009|archive-date=18 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418012510/http://pwc.blogs.com/files/global-city-gdp-rankings-2008-2025.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Minangka kutha kang tuwuh ing nagara tumuwuh, Kolkata nduwé polusi, kemacetan lalu lintas, kamlaratan, kapadhetan, lan masalah liyané.

Ing pungkasan abad kaping 17, telung désa kang predated Calcutta dipréntah déning [[Nawab saka Bengal]] ing [[suzerainty]] [[Kaisar Mughal|Mughal]]. Sawisé Nawab ngwenehi [[East India Company]] [[lisensi]] dagang ing 1690,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dutta|first=K.|last2=Desai|first2=A.|date=April 2008|title=Calcutta: a cultural history|publisher=Interlink Books|location=Northampton, Massachusetts, US|pages=9–10|isbn=978-1-56656-721-3}}</ref> tlatah iki dikembangaké déning Company dadi [[Fort William, India|pos dagang kang saya dibèntèngi]]. Nawab [[Siraj ud-Daulah]] nguwasani Calcutta ing taun 1756, lan East India Company ngrebut manèh Calcutta ing taun sawisé. Ing taun 1793 perusahaan East India cukup kuwat kanggo ngilangi Nizamat (aturan lokal), lan [[Permanent Settlement|wiwit kadhaulatan kebak]] ing tlatah iki. Ing aturan perusahaan, lan mengko ing [[British Raj]], Calcutta dadi kutha krajan saka tlatah kang dikuwasani Inggris ing India nganti 1911, nalika cacat géografis kang dirasakaké, digabungake karo nasionalisme ing [[Bengal]] kang tuwuh, ndadèkaké pindahé kutha krajan menyang [[New Delhi]]. Calcutta iku pusat kanggo [[gerakan kamardikan India]]; iku tetep dadi ''hotbed'' [[Pulitik West Bengal|pulitik praja kontemporer]]. Sawisé kamardikan India ing taun 1947, Kolkata, kang sapisan dadi pusat pendidikan, ngèlmu, budaya, lan pulitik modern India, nandhang sawatara dekade saka stagnasi ékonomi.

Minangka inti saking [[Bengal Renaissance]] abad kaping 19 lan 20 awal lan pusat kabudayan kang warna-warna agamané lan ètniké ing Bengal lan India, Kolkata nduwé tradisi lokal ing drama, kagunan, filem, teater, lan sastra. Akeh wong saka Kolkata—sapérangané pamenang Hadhiyah Nobel—nyumbang kanggo kagunan, ing sains, lan tlatah liyané. [[Budaya Kolkata]] nduwé ''idiosyncrasies'' kang kalebu ''[[Para (Bengali)|close-knit neighbourhoods]]'' (''paras'') lan ''[[Adda (South Asian)|freestyle intellectual exchanges]]'' (''adda''). Bagéyané West Bengal saka [[Sinema West Bengal|indhustri filem Bengali]] dhedhasar ing kutha iki, kang uga sarwa dumadi institusi budaya kinurmatan saka nasional, kaya ta [[Academy of Fine Arts, Calcutta|Academy of Fine Arts]], [[Victoria Memorial (India)|Victoria Memorial]], [[The Asiatic Society|Asiatic Society]], [[Indian Museum]] lan [[National Library of India]]. Antarane institusi ngèlmu profésional, Kolkata nduwé [[Agri Horticultural Society of India]], [[Geological Survey of India]], [[Botanical Survey of India]], [[Calcutta Mathematical Society]], [[Indian Science Congress Association]], [[Zoological Survey of India]], [[Institution of Engineers (India)|Institution of Engineers]], [[Anthropological Survey of India]] lan [[Indian Public Health Association]]. Sanadyan dadi panggonané ajang lan waralaba cricketing utama, Kolkata bedo saka kutha liya India [[Bal-balan ing Kolkata|kanthi mènèhi wigati]] kanggo [[bal-balan]] lan olahraga liyané.

==Réferènsi==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Pranala njaba ==
{{Refbegin}}
* [https://www.kmcgov.in/ Kolkata Municipal Corporation]
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/West_Bengal/Localities/Kolkata/}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/89203/Kolkata Kolkata] èntri ''Encyclopædia Britannica''
{{Refend}}

{{Geographic location
 |Centre = Kolkata 
 |North = [[Sikkim]]
 |East = [[Assam]]<br />[[Banggaladésa]]
 |South = ''[[Lempongan Bengal]]''
 |West = [[Bihar]]<br />[[Jharkhand]]
}}
{{Subject bar |commons=yes |n=yes |n-search=Category:Kolkata |wikt=yes |b=yes |q=yes |s=yes |v=yes |voy=yes |d=yes |d-search=Q1348}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Kategori:Kutha ing India]]
[[Kategori:Kolkata|*]]
[[Kategori:West Bengal]]