Hak manungsa ing Komoro
Ing sajarahé, Komoro ndarbèni cathetan hak manungsa kang lumayan ala. Ing wiwitan taun 1979, pamaréntah Komoro nangkep kira-kira 300 panyengkuyung rézim Soilih lan ngunjara dhèwèké padha tanpa ana pangadilan ing Moroni. Papat tilas mantriné Soilih uga ngilang. Rong taun sabanjuré, ana panangkepan, pambedhilan, lan pangilangan kang luwih akèh. Éntuk tekanan saka France, sawetara pangadilan ditindakaké, nanging akèh wong Komoro kang panggah dadi tahanan pulitik, senadyan ta ana protès saka Amnesty International lan organisasi kamanungsan liyané. Rézim Abdallah uga matesi kamardikan wicara, pèrs, sarékat, hak warga nagara ngowahi pamaréntahané, hak wanita, lan hak wong kang makarya. Sawisé Abdallah tilar donya nalika 27 Novèmber 1989, cathetan hak manungsa ing nagara iki samsaya apik. Wadyabala bayaran Éropa kang mréntah pulo iki kapréntah nangkep sawetara wong lan nguculaké mèh kabèh tahanan pulitik kang katahan sawisé upaya kudéta 1985–1987.[1]
Trèn iki terus lanjut teka Maret 1990, nalika Djohar dadi Présidhèn Komoro. Tumindak memungsuhan marang rézimé bakal njalari praktik-praktik hak manungsa kang ora becik. Tuladhané, sawisé upaya kudéta 18–19 Agustus 1990 kang ora kasil, pamaréntah nahan 24 wong tanpa pangadilan jalaran ana sesambungan karo kraman. Ing Oktober 1990, pasukan kamanan matèni Max Veillard, pangarsa komplotan. Taun sabanjuré, sawisé upaya nyopot Djohar saka palungguhan kaprésidhènan ora kasil, dhèwèké mréntah panangkepan Mahkamah Agung lan mbiwara kaanan darurat nagara. Uga ana upaya kudéta liya kang ora kasil nalika 26 Sèptèmber 1992, marakaké pamaréntah nahan 20 wong punjul, salah sijiné Mantri Jero Nagari Omar Tamou. Pulisi nahan para tahanan tanpa ana pacelukan lan dilapuraké nyiksa sawetara para tahanan. Asosiasi Hak Manungsa Komoro uga ndakwa rézim Djohar ngèksekusi wong-wong kang disujanani nyengkuyung klumpukan oposisi kang nganggo sanjata. Ing pungkasan 1993, organisasi kaya ta Amnesty International mbacutaké monitor kaanan hak manungsa ing Komoro, lan nentang rézim Djohar.[1]
Kaanan historis
[besut | besut sumber]Ing isor iki kapacak bagan peringkat Komoro awit 1975 ing lapuran Freedom in the World kang dibabar taunan déning Freedom House. Peringkat 1 iku "mardika"; 7, "ora mardika".[2]1
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Prajanjèn internasional
[besut | besut sumber]Solahé Komoro ngenani prajanjèn hak manungsa internasional:
Uga delengen
[besut | besut sumber]Cathetan
[besut | besut sumber]- 1.^ Gatèkna yèn "Taun" ing kéné satemené "Taun nalika dilapuraké". Mangkono iku, katrangan kang tinengeran taun 2008 iku lapuran kang dibabar taun 2009, lan sabanjuré.
- 2.^ Per 6 Juli (Dina Kamardikan) ing 1975; 1 Januari lan sabanjuré.
- 3.^ Lapuran taun 1982 ngrakup taun 1981 lan paruh kapisan taun 1982, lan lapuran taun 1984 sabanjuré ngrakup paruh kapindho taun 1982 lan sakabèhing taun 1983. Kanggo kaprasajan, rong lapuran "setaun setengah" kang nyimpang iki wis dipisah dadi lapuran telung taun lumantar interpolasi.
Rujukan
[besut | besut sumber]- ↑ a b "Comoros Human Rights". United States Federal Research Division. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 9 Januari 2009. Dibukak ing 15 Mèi 2023.
- ↑ Freedom House (2012). "Country ratings and status, FIW 1973-2012" (XLS). Dibukak ing 2012-08-22.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 1. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Paris, 9 December 1948". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 20 October 2012. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 2. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. New York, 7 March 1966". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 11 February 2011. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 16 December 1966". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 17 September 2012. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 1 September 2010. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 5. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2019-03-24. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 6. Convention on the non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity. New York, 26 November 1968". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2018-11-16. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 7. International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. New York, 30 November 1973". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 18 July 2012. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 18 December 1979". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 23 August 2012. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 9. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. New York, 10 December 1984". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 8 November 2010. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11. Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 20 November 1989". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 11 February 2014. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 12. Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. New York, 15 December 1989". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 20 October 2012. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 13. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. New York, 18 December 1990". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 25 August 2012. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 6 October 1999". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2011-05-20. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. New York, 25 May 2000". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2016-04-25. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11c. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. New York, 25 May 2000". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2013-12-13. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 19 August 2012. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15a. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 13 January 2016. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 16. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. New York, 20 December 2006". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2019-07-17. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3a. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 10 December 2008". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2012-07-18. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.
- ↑ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11d. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure . New York, 19 December 2011. New York, 10 December 2008". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 25 August 2012. Dibukak ing 2012-08-29.