Deleng sumberé Basa Dari

{{Infobox language|name=Dari|altname=Dari Persian, Afghan Persian|nativename={{lang|prs|دری}}|image=Dari.png|imagesize=100px|imagecaption=''Dari'' in [[Persian script]]<br>([[Nastaʿlīq script|Nastaʿlīq]] style)|pronunciation={{IPA-prs|dæˈɾi|}}|states=[[Afghanistan]]|region=|speakers={{sigfig|12.46|3}} million|date=2000–2011|ref=e18|speakers2=native language of 25–50% of the Afghan population.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af |title=CIA – The World Factbook, "Afghanistan", Updated on 8 July 2010 |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |access-date=19 Agustus 2013 |archive-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015094344/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="CIA"/><ref name="AFGHANISTAN v. Languages">{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afghanistan-v-languages |title=AFGHANISTAN v. Languages|quote=''Persian (2) is the language most spoken in Afghanistan. The native tongue of twenty five percent of the population...''|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]], online ed.|work=Ch. M. Kieffer|access-date=10 Dhésèmber 2010}}</ref><ref name="UCLA">{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=191&menu=004 |title=Dari |publisher=[[University of California, Los Angeles]] |work=UCLA International Institute: Center for World Languages |access-date=10 Dhésèmber 2010 |archive-date=2011-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605045226/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=191&menu=004 |url-status=dead }}</ref>|familycolor=Indo-European|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]|fam3=[[Iranian languages|Iranian]]|fam4=[[Western Iranian languages|Western Iranian]]|fam5=[[Southwestern Iranian languages|Southwestern Iranian]]|fam6=[[Persian language|Persian]]|dialects=[[Kabul|Kaboli]], [[Balkh Province|Mazari]], [[Herat]]i, [[Badakhshan Province|Badakhshi]], [[Panjshir Valley|Panjshiri]], [[Laghman Province|Laghmani]], [[Sistani dialect|Sistani]], [[Aimaq dialect|Aimaqi]], [[Hazaragi language|Hazaragi]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iranica.com/uploads/files/Afghanistan/v1f5a040a_t7_300.jpg |title=Iranica, "Afghanistan: v.Languages", Table 11 |date= |access-date=19 Agustus 2013 |archive-date=2010-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208222525/http://www.iranica.com/uploads/files/Afghanistan/v1f5a040a_t7_300.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref>|script=[[Persian alphabet]]|nation={{AFG}}|agency=[[Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan]]|lingua=58-AAC-ce (Dari) + 58-AAC-cdo & cdp (Hazaragi) + 58-AAC-ck (Aimaq)|lc1=prs|ld1=Dari, Afghan Persian|lc2=aiq|ld2=[[Aimaq dialect|Aimaq]]|lc3=haz|ld3=[[Hazaragi language|Hazaragi]]|glotto=dari1249|glottoname=Dari|glotto2=aima1241|glottoname2=Aimaq|glotto3=haza1239|glottoname3=Hazaragi|notice=IPA}}
'''Basa Dari''' atawa basa Pérsi-Dari, Pérsi-Afghan, ya iku dialék basa Pèrsi kang dituturnang ning [[Afghanistan]]. Basa iki dadi salah siji sing rong basa resmi Afghanistan, séjéné ya iku Basa Pashtun <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Modern Persian Literature in Afghanistan: Anomalous Visions of History and Form|last=Ahmadi|first=Wali|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=0-203-94602-2|location=New York|pages=1-15}}</ref>. Tembung Dari iku asalé sing dar kang tegesé basa karajan ning jaman Karajan Sasaniyah<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dari|title=DARĪ|last=|first=|date=|website=Iranica Online|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=12 Sèptèmber 2017}}</ref>. Susunan wyakarana basaé ampir pada karo basa Pèrsia ning Iran<ref>{{Cite press release|title=A Learner’s Grammar of Dari|date=May 24, 2016|last1=Baker|first1=Adam}}</ref>. Minangka nagara dwibasa, basa Dari duwé posisi kang dominan tinimbang basa Pashtun. Akéh tulisan-tulisan modern kaya déné sastra iku ditulis nganggo basa Dari sanajan mayoritas Afghanistan iku suku Pasthun<ref name=":0" />. Nyebaré basa Dari ning nagara iku amarga nyebaré wong kang nganut agama Zoroastrian sing Iran. Penganut Zoroastrian kang rata-rata wong Pérsi iku ngadegnang désa-désa ning Qasémabad, Afghanistan. Wong Pérsia muslim liyané uga sumebar ning wewengkon kono, sesanding karo wong Pérsia Zoroastrian. Sedurungé jaman Islam, wong Afghanistan uga wis ana gayutan karo karajan Pérsia kuna. Mulané iku, basa Dari iku wis kaya basa linguafranca ning wong Pashtun Afghan<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Farudi|first=Annahita|last2=Toosarvandani|first2=M. Doustdar|date=2004|title=The Dari Language Project|url=|journal=Fieldwork Endeavor Summary of Findings|volume=|pages=1-15}}</ref>.

== Minangka basa sastra ==
Ning wewengkon nagara Afghanistan, basa Dari wis kawentar dadi basa pengantar sastra<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Baker|first=Adam|date=|title=A Learner’s Grammar of Dari|url=|journal=Course|volume=|pages=4}}</ref>. Amarga iku akèh keding karya sastra kang dicipta ning kana.  Sebab dadi basa sastra amarga basa Dari uga dari basa ''lingua franca'' lan duwé sajarah kang suwé. Karya sastra Dari kang kawentar ya iku Shahnaméh kang ditulis karo Ferdouwsi. Déwéké dadi salah siji sastrawan Pérsi kang paling kawentar. Uga ana Rubayyat déning Umar Khayam. Ning kalangan wong-wong Éropa, Umar Khayam uga dadi sastrawan kang disenengi<ref name=":1" />.
Ning isor iki pratélan sastrawan Dari-Pérsi<ref name="ganjnama.com">http://www.ganjnama.com/search/</ref><ref name="ganjoor.net">http://ganjoor.net/</ref>:
{|class="wikitable"
! Aran Sastrawan Pérsi|| Abad|| Iran || Turan|| Parsi (Persian)|| Farsi (arabisasi)|| Dari (basa karajan)|| Khorasan Raya
||Pahlavi Persia Pertengahan 
|-
| [[Rudaki]] || 9th lan 10th || 1 ||  || ||  || || 6||
|-
| [[Farrukhi Sistani]] || 9th 10th  || 16||1|| 15 Parsa’i || || || 10||1
|-
| [[Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr]] || 10th || 1 ||  || ||  || || 2|| 
|-
| [[Ferdowsi]] || 10th and 11th || 800 + || 150 + || 100+ ||  || 2||25||29
|-
| [[Asadi Tusi]] || 11th ||51||5||1 || || 1 loghat ye fors =|| ||
|-
| [[Masud Sa'd Salman]] || 11th || 23||2|| 19|| || Nazm o Nassr Dari|| 13||
|-
| [[Manuchehri]] || 11th ||5||3||4|| || |||| 
|-
| [[Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani]] || 11th || 15||10|| 12 Parsa’i|| 2|| 1|| 28||3
|-
| [[Nasir Khusraw]] || 11 th || 1 || 1|| 19||  ||2 ||79||2
|-
| [[Mahsati]] || 11th and 12th ||  || || 1||  ||  ||1||
|-
| [[Anwari]] || 12th || 13 || 3|| 2||  || 1|| 20 || 
|-
| [[Khaqani]] || 12th || 2 || 1 || 4|| 1 || 2 Nazm e Dari || 40 ||180
|-
| [[Nizami Ganjavi]] || 12 th || 37|| 2|| 12|| ||3 Nazm lan Dastan|| 25 ||6
|-
| [[Amir Khusrow]] || 13 th 14th || 2|| 7|| 6||  ||  ||13||
|-
| [[Saadi Shirazi]] || 13th ||1||1||6+ || || || 7||
|-
| [[Rumi]] || 13 th  14th || 1||1|| 29|| || || 6||
|-
| [[Hafez]] || 14th ||||6||9 || || 2 Nazm ye Dari ||||
|-
| [[Ubayd Zakani]] || 14th ||1||1||4|| || ||1|| 
|-
| [[Muhtasham Kashani]] || 16th ||12||9||3|| || || 4||
|-
| [[Saib Tabrizi]] || 17th ||10||7||3|| || || 5||
|-
| [[Muhammad Iqbal]] || 19th-séda 1938 ||19||4||3 || ||1 Tarz e|| 1||
|-
| [[Parvin Etesami]] || 19th/séda 1941  ||2||||Parsa’i || || || ||
|-

Counted according to sources from these Internet sites<ref name="ganjnama.com"/><ref name="ganjoor.net"/>
|}

== Pengaruh basa Dari ==
Basa Dari duwé pengaruh akèh ning daérah Asia Kidul, ya iku ning wewengkon Karajan Mughal lan Kesultanan Bengal<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=EQJHAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=ghaznavids+brought+persian+to+south+asia&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=WSamVIHeGNLiavmygKAL&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=ghaznavids%20brought%20persian%20to%20south%20asia&f=false|title=South Asian Sufis: Devotion, Deviation, and Destiny|last=|first=|date=|website=Google Books|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=12 Sèptèmber 2017}}</ref>. Karajan-karajan iki nganggo basa Persi-Dari minangka basa resmi karajan. Amarga iku, akèh tulisan basa Dari ning India.  Lan basa Urdu, Punjabi, lan Bengal uga kena pengaruh sing basa Dari Persi<ref name=":2" />.

== Rujukan ==
<references />

[[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]]