Katresnan tanpa syarat

Katresnan tanpa syarat dikenal uga minangka tresno tanpa watesan, utawa katresnan tanpa kahanan. Istilah iki kadang digandhengake karo istilah liya kayata altruisme sejati utawa katresnan sing sejati. Saben bidang keahlian duwe cara tartamtu kanggo nggambarake katresnan tanpa syarat, nanging umume bakal setuju manawa jinis katresnan sing ora duwe wates lan ora owah.

Ing agama Kristen, katresnan tanpa syarat dianggep dadi bagean saka Papat Pecinta; tresno, kekancan, eros, lan amal.^[1] Ing etologi, utawa pasinaon prilaku kewan, katresnan tanpa syarat bakal nuduhake altruisme sing sabanjure nuduhake perilaku dening individu sing nambah kabugaran wong liya nalika nyuda kabugaran wong sing nindakake tumindak kasebut. Ing psikologi, katresnan tanpa syarat nuduhake kahanan pikiran sing duwe tujuan kanggo nambah kesejahteraan wong liya, sanajan ora ana bukti manawa ana mupangate marang awake dhewe. Tembung kasebut uga digunakake ing manual konseling kulawarga lan pasangan.

Ana sawetara bukti sing ndhukung dhasar syaraf kanggo katresnan tanpa syarat, nuduhake manawa beda karo jinis katresnan liyane.

Ing panaliten sing ditindakake dening Mario Beauregard lan kanca-kancane, nggunakake prosedur fMRI, dheweke sinau babagan pencitraan otak para peserta sing ditampilake macem-macem gambar sing uga nuduhake "katresnan ibu" (katresnan tanpa syarat) utawa "katresnan romantis". Pitu area otak dadi aktif nalika para peserta kasebut ngelingi rasa tresna tanpa wates. Telung perkara kasebut padha karo wilayah sing dadi aktif nalika nresnani katresnan romantis. Papat bagean aktif liyane beda, nuduhake wilayah otak tartamtu sing ana gandhengane karo aspek sing bermanfaat, perasaan sing ora nyenengake (ora seksual), lan prilaku ibu manungsa sing diaktifake sajrone bagean eksperimen sing tanpa syarat. Liwat asosiasi sing digawe ing antarane wilayah, asil nuduhake manawa rasa tresna marang wong tanpa prelu diganjar beda karo rasa tresna romantis.^[2]

Bebarengan karo ide "katresnan ibu", sing umume digandhengake karo katresnan tanpa syarat, sawijining panliten nemokake pola ing sistem neuroendokrin lan sistem saraf sing mempengaruhi motivasi. Nggunakake prosedur fMRI, para ibu nonton video awake dhewe dolanan karo anake ing lingkungan sing akrab, kaya omah. Prosedur kasebut nemokake bagean amigdala lan inti accumbens responsif marang level emosi lan empati. Emosi lan empati (welas asih) minangka deskriptif katresnan, mula nyengkuyung ide yen kedadeyan saraf minangka bukti katresnan tanpa syarat.^[3]

Rujukan

↑ Lewis, C.S. (1960). The Four Loves. Ireland: Harvest Books. ISBN 0-15-632930-1.
↑ Beauregard, Mario; Courtemanche, Jérôme; Paquette, Vincent; St-Pierre, Évelyne Landry (2009-05-15). "The neural basis of unconditional love". Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. Elsevier. 172 (2): 93–98. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.11.003. ISSN 0925-4927. PMID 19321316. S2CID 5810242. Dibukak ing 2011-12-30.^{[pranala mati permanèn]}
↑ Atzil, Shir; Talma Hendler; Ruth Feldman (2011). "Specifying the neurobiological basis of human attachment: Brain, hormones, and behavior in synchronous and intrusive mothers". Neuropsychopharmacology. 36 (13): 2603–2615. doi:10.1038/npp.2011.172. PMC 3230500. PMID 21881566.

[1] Lewis, C.S. (1960). The Four Loves. Ireland: Harvest Books. ISBN 0-15-632930-1.

[2] Beauregard, Mario; Courtemanche, Jérôme; Paquette, Vincent; St-Pierre, Évelyne Landry (2009-05-15). "The neural basis of unconditional love". Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. Elsevier. 172 (2): 93–98. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.11.003. ISSN 0925-4927. PMID 19321316. S2CID 5810242. Dibukak ing 2011-12-30.^{[pranala mati permanèn]}

[3] Atzil, Shir; Talma Hendler; Ruth Feldman (2011). "Specifying the neurobiological basis of human attachment: Brain, hormones, and behavior in synchronous and intrusive mothers". Neuropsychopharmacology. 36 (13): 2603–2615. doi:10.1038/npp.2011.172. PMC 3230500. PMID 21881566.

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