Deleng sumberé Balung

{{Infobox anatomy|Name=Bone|Image=Left femur of extinct elephant, Alaska, Ice Age Wellcome L0057714.jpg|Caption=Balung saking jaman es Pleistosen saking spesies gajah ingkang punah.|Image2=Bertazzo S - SEM deproteined bone - wistar rat - x10k.tif|Caption2=Scan mikrograf elektronik saking blaung ing skala magnifikasi 10.000x}}

Balung inggih punika [[organ]] ingkang kaku<ref name="BoneOrgan">{{Cite book|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124708624500027|title=The Bone Organ System: Form and Function|last=Lee|first=Cassandra|date=January 2001|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780124708624|pages=3–20|doi=10.1016/B978-012470862-4/50002-7|access-date=30 January 2022|via=Science Direct}}</ref> lan mujudaken perangan saking kerangka wonten ing [[kewan]] [[vertebrata]]. Balung punika ngreksa organ-organ sanesipun ing [[badan]], ngasilaken [[Sel|sel-sel]] getih [[Sel getih abang|abrit]] lan [[Sel getih putih|pethak]], nyimpen [[mineral]], nyukani struktur lan panyengkuyung dhateng badan, sarta mbiyantu mobilitas. Balung gadhah wujud lan ukuran ingkang maneka warna sarta gadhah struktur internal lan eksternal ingkang kompleks.<ref name="de Buffrénil et al. 2021">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tJcwEAAAQBAJ&dq=Vertebrate+Skeletal+Histology+and+Paleohistology&pg=PT8|title=Vertebrate skeletal histology and paleohistology|last1=de Buffrénil|first1=Vivian|last2=de Ricqlès|first2=Armand J|last3=Zylberberg|first3=Louise|last4=Padian|first4=Kevin|last5=Laurin|first5=Michel|last6=Quilhac|first6=Alexandra|date=2021|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1351189576|edition=Firstiton|location=Boca Raton, FL|pages=xii + 825}}</ref> Balung ringan nanging kiyat lan atos sarta nglampahi mawarni-warni fungsi.

Balung nglampahi mawarni-warni fungsi mekanis. Sesarengan, balung ing badan mujudaken kerangka. Balung nyukani rangka kangge nyengkuyung badan, sarta titik cantholan kangge otot kerangka, [[tendon]], [[ligamen]], lan [[sendi]], ingkang fungsinipun sesarengan kangge ngasilaken lan mindahaken kekiyatan supados perangan badan tartamtu utawi sedaya badan saged dipun-manipulasi ing ruang tiga dimensi (interaksi antawisipun balung lan otot dipunsinau ing [[biomekanika]]).

Balung ugi ngreksa organ internal, kados [[tengkorak]] ingkang ngreksa [[otak]] utawi [[Balung iga|iga]] ingkang ngreksa [[jantung]] lan [[paru-paru]]. Amargi cara pembentukan balung, balung gadhah [[kekiyatan kompresi]] ingkang inggil kirang langkung 170 MPa (1.700 kgf/cm<sup>2</sup>),<ref name="Schmidt-Nielsen">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/scalingwhyisanim0000schm/page/6|title=Scaling: Why Is Animal Size So Important?|author=Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1984|isbn=978-0-521-31987-4|place=Cambridge|page=[https://archive.org/details/scalingwhyisanim0000schm/page/6 6]|author-link=Knut Schmidt-Nielsen}}</ref> [[kekiyatan tarik]] ingkang kirang sae 104–121 MPa, lan [[kekiyatan tegangan geser]] ingkang alit sanget (51,6 MPa).<ref>{{cite book|title=BENG 112A Biomechanics, Winter Quarter, 2013|author=Vincent, Kevin|publisher=Department of Bioengineering, University of California|chapter=Topic 3: Structure and Mechanical Properties of Bone|access-date=24 March 2015|chapter-url=http://cmrg.ucsd.edu/Courses/be112a/Topics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528103922/http://cmrg.ucsd.edu/Courses/be112a/Topics|archive-date=28 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Turner|first1=C.H.|last2=Wang|first2=T.|last3=Burr|first3=D.B.|year=2001|title=Shear Strength and Fatigue Properties of Human Cortical Bone Determined from Pure Shear Tests|journal=Calcified Tissue International|volume=69|issue=6|pages=373–378|doi=10.1007/s00223-001-1006-1|pmid=11800235|s2cid=30348345}}</ref> Punika nedahaken bilih balung kiyat nahan tekanan (kompresi), kirang kiyat nahan tarikan ([[tensi]]), lan namung sekedhik kiyat nahan tegangan geser (kados amargi beban [[torsi]]).


Wonten pinten-pinten penyakit ingkang saged merbawani balung, antawisipun [[radang sendi]], [[patah tulang]], [[infeksi]], [[osteoporosis]], lan [[tumor]]. Kondisi ingkang gegayutan kaliyan balung saged ditangani dening maneka dokter, kalebet rheumatolog kangge sendi, lan dokter bedah orthopedi ingkang saged nglampahi operasi kangge ndandosi balung ingkang patah. Dokter sanesipun, kados spesialis rehabilitasi saged mbiyantu pamulihan, radiolog ing nalika nafsiraken asiling pencitraan, lan ahli patologi nalika mriksa sebab penyakit, sarta dokter kulawarga saged mbiyantu nyegah komplikasi penyakit balung kados osteoporosis. Nalika dokter mirsani pasien, sejarah lan pamriksa badhe dipunpendhet. Balung lajeng asring dipun-scan, ingkang dipunsebat radiografi. Punika saged kalebet [[USG]], [[sinar-X]], [[CT scan]], [[MRI scan]] lan pencitraan sanesipun kados Bone scan, ingkang saged dipunginakaken kangge mriksa [[kanker]]. Tes sanesipun kados tes getih kangge marker [[autoimun]] saged dipunpendhet, utawi cairan sendi saged dipunaspirasi.
[[Kategori:Anatomi]]
[[Kategori:Sistem rangka]]
== Sitiran ==