Shogun
Shogun (将軍 Shōgun?) iku istilah basa Jepang sing tegesé jendral. Jroning kontèks sajarah Jepang, yèn disebut pejabat shogun mula sing dimaksudkaé yaiku Sei-i Taishōgun (征夷大将軍?) sing tegesé Panglima Paling Dhuwur Pasukan Ekspedisi nglawan Wong Biadab (istilah "Taishōgun" ateges panglima angkatan bersenjata). Sei-i Taishōgun arupa salah siji jabatan jendral sing digawé ing sanjabaning sistem Taihō Ritsuryō. Jabatan Sei-i Taishōgun dibusak wiwit Restorasi Meiji. Senajan mangkono, jroning basa Jepang, istilah shōgun sing tegesé jendral jroning kamilitèran tetep dipigunakaké tekan saiki.
Wiwit jaman Nara tekan jaman Heian, jendral sing dikirim kanggo nelukaké wilayah bagéyan wétan Jepang diarani Sei-i Taishōgun, disingkat shogun. Jabatan sing luwih asor saka Sei-i Taishōgun diarani Seiteki Taishōgun (征狄大将軍 panglima panelukan wong barbar?) lan Seisei Taishōgun (征西大将軍 panglima panelukan wilayah kulon?). Gelar Sei-i Taishōgun diwènèhaké marang panglima keshogunan (bakufu) wiwit jaman Kamakura tekan jaman Edo. Shogun iku uga pejabat Tōryō (kepala klan samurai) sing diantuki adhedhasar garis keturunan.
Pejabat shogun diangkat mawa préntah kaisar, lan jroning praktèké duwé peran minangka kepala pamaréntahan/panguwasa Jepang. Negara asing nganggep shogun minangka "raja Jepang", nanging sacara resmi shogun dipréntah saka istana kaisar, lan dudu panguwasa sing sabeneré. Kakuwasaan paling dhuwur tetep ana ing tangan Kaisar Jepang.
Bab lan Paragraf |
Sajarah [sunting]
Jaman Nara lan jaman Heian [sunting]
Zaman Kamakura [sunting]
Daftar pejabat Sei-i Taishōgun [sunting]
| Nomor | Keshogunan (generasi) | Jeneng | Mangsa jabatan | Katerangan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ōtomo no Otomaro | 793-794? | ||
| 2 | Sakanoue no Tamuramaro | 797-811? | ||
| 3 | Fun'ya no Watamaro | 813-816 | ||
| - | Fujiwara no Tadabumi | 940 | Mungel pejabat Sei-tō Taishōgun. Ana panjelasan sing silih tetentangan. | |
| 4 | Minamoto no Yoshinaka | 1184 | ||
| 5 | Kamakura (1) | Minamoto no Yoritomo | 1192-1199 | Ana panjelasan sing nelakaké Yoritomo ngunduraké dhiri taun 1195 |
| 6 | Kamakura (2) | Minamoto no Yoriie | 1202-1203 | |
| 7 | Kamakura (3) | Minamoto no Sanetomo | 1203-1219 | |
| 8 | Kamakura (4) | Fujiwara no Yoritsune alias Kujō Yoritsune | 1226-1244 | |
| 9 | Kamakura (5) | Fujiwara no Yoritsugu | 1244-1252 | |
| 10 | Kamakura (6） | Pangéran Munetaka | 1252-1266 | Shogun pisanan saka keluwarga kaisar. Putra Kaisar Go-Saga. |
| 11 | Kamakura (7) | Pangéran Koreyasu | 1266-1289 | |
| 12 | Kamakura (8) | Pangéran Hisaaki | 1289-1308 | Putra Kaisar Go-Fukakusa |
| 13 | Kamakura (9) | Pangéran Morikuni | 1308-1333 | |
| 14 | Pangéran Morinaga | 1333 | ||
| 15 | Pangéran Nariyoshi alias Pangéran Narinaga | 1335-1336 | ||
| 16 | Muromachi (1) | Ashikaga Takauji | 1338-1358 | |
| － | Pangéran Muneyoshi alias Pangéran Munenaga | 1352- | ||
| 17 | Muromachi (2) | Ashikaga Yoshiakira | 1358-1367 | |
| 18 | Muromachi (3) | Ashikaga Yoshimitsu | 1367-1394 | |
| 19 | Muromachi (4) | Ashikaga Yoshimochi | 1394-1423 | |
| 20 | Muromachi (5) | Ashikaga Yoshikazu | 1423-1425 | |
| 21 | Muromachi (6) | Ashikaga Yoshinori | 1429-1441 | |
| 22 | Muromachi (7) | Ashikaga Yoshikatsu | 1442-1443 | |
| 23 | Muromachi (8) | Ashikaga Yoshimasa | 1449-1473 | |
| 24 | Muromachi (9) | Ashikaga Yoshihisa | 1473-1489 | |
| 25 | Muromachi (10) | Ashikaga Yoshiki | 1490-1493 | |
| 26 | Muromachi (11) | Ashikaga Yoshizumi | 1494-1508 | |
| 27 | Muromachi (10) | Ashikaga Yoshiki alias Ashikaga Yoshitane | 1508-1521 | Panugasan kanggo kaping loroné |
| 28 | Muromachi (12) | Ashikaga Yoshiharu | 1521-1546 | |
| 29 | Muromachi (13) | Ashikaga Yoshiteru | 1546-1565 | |
| 30 | Muromachi (14) | Ashikaga Yoshihide | 1568 | |
| 31 | Muromachi (15） | Ashikaga Yoshiaki | 1568-1573 | Sacara formal isih njabat tekan dadi biksu nalika taun 1588 |
| 32 | Edo (1) | Tokugawa Ieyasu | 1603-1605 | |
| 33 | Edo (2) | Tokugawa Hidetada | 1605-1623 | |
| 34 | Edo (3) | Tokugawa Iemitsu | 1623-1651 | |
| 35 | Edo (4) | Tokugawa Ietsuna | 1651-1680 | |
| 36 | Edo (5) | Tokugawa Tsunayoshi | 1680-1709年 | |
| 37 | Edo (6) | Tokugawa Ienobu | 1709-1712 | |
| 38 | Edo (7) | Tokugawa Ietsugu | 1712-1716 | |
| 39 | Edo (8） | Tokugawa Yoshimune | 1716-1745 | |
| 40 | Edo (9) | Tokugawa Ieshige | 1745-1760 | |
| 41 | Edo (10) | Tokugawa Ieharu | 1760-1786 | |
| 42 | Edo (11) | Tokugawa Ienari | 1787-1837 | |
| 43 | Edo (12) | Tokugawa Ieyoshi | 1837-1853 | |
| 44 | Edo (13) | Tokugawa Iesada | 1853-1858 | |
| 45 | Edo (14) | Tokugawa Iemochi | 1858-1866 | |
| 46 | Edo (15) | Tokugawa Yoshinobu | 1866-1867 |
Daftar pustaka [sunting]
- Tomio Takahashi. Sei-i Taishōgun mō hitotsu no kokkashuken. Chūkōshinso, 1987. ISBN 978-4-12-100833-6
