Deleng sumberé Wong Ryukyu

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group  = Wong Ryukyu<br />{{small|''琉球民族''}}
| image =
{{image array|perrow=4
| image1 = King_Sho_En.jpg |caption1 = Shō En
| image2 = King Sho Tai.jpg |caption2 = Shō Tai
| image3 = Itosu_Anko.jpg |caption3 = Ankō Itosu
| image4 =|caption4 = Gichin Funakoshi
| image5 = Hirokazu Nakaima.jpg |caption5 = Hirokazu Nakaima
| image6 = Yōkō Gushiken, Mar. 2003.jpg |caption6 = Yoko Gushiken
| image7 = James Iha.jpg |caption7 = James Iha
| image8 = Gackt at the Kenshin Festival, 2008(2)(cropped).jpg |caption8 = Gackt
| image9 = Takeshi Kaneshiro at BIFF Square, 2011 (cropped).jpg |caption9 = [[Takeshi Kaneshiro]]
| image10 = Jake Shimabukuro.jpg |caption10 = Jake Shimabukuro
| image11 = Namie Amuro MAA.JPG |caption11 = Namie Amuro
| image12 = 2010 Women's British Open – Miyazato Ai (8).jpg |caption12 = Ai Miyazato
}} 
|poptime  =
|popplace ={{flagcountry|Okinawa}}<br> [[Préfèktur Kagoshima|Kagoshima]] (Amami) <br> [[Républik Cina|Taiwan]] <br> [[Pilipina]] <br> [[Brasil]] <br> [[Peru]] <br> [[California|California (AS)]] <br> [[Hawaii|Hawaii (AS)]]
|langs    =[[Kulawarga Basa Ryukyu]], [[Basa Jepang]]
|rels     =[[Agama Ryukyu]], [[Buda]], [[Shinto]]
|related =[[Wong Yamato]], [[Jaman Yayoi|Wong Yayoi]] <ref>[http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/690/654 An Austronesian Presence in Southern Japan: Early Occupation in the Yaeyama Islands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220193607/http://ejournal.anu.edu.au/index.php/bippa/article/viewFile/690/654 |date=2011-02-20 }}, Glenn R. Summerhayes and Atholl Anderson, Department of Anthropology, Otago University, diakses 22 November 2009</ref><ref>Seafirm, Leon A. (2009). [http://www.altaica.ru/LIBRARY/OKINAWA/Serafim_linguistically_what_is_Ryukyuan.pdf "Linguistically, What is Ryukyuan&nbsp;– Synchronic and diaschronic perspectives"] (pre-symposium draft, 2009); diakses 22 November 2009</ref>
}}

{{nihongo|'''Wong Ryukyu''' utawa '''Lewchewan'''<ref>''Lewchew and the Lewchewans: Being a narrative of a visit to Lewchew or Loo Choo, in October, 1850.'' London, 1853. Tentang [[Kepulauan Ryukyu]]. (Uga ditemuake [http://anglicanhistory.org/asia/gsmith_lewchew1853.html di sini]) George Smith.</ref>|琉球民族|Ryūkyū minzoku| [[Basa Okinawa|Okinawa]]: ''Ruuchuu minzuku''}} yaiku wong [[pribumi]] ingkang manggon ing Kapuloan Ryukyu, ingkang letakipun wonten ing antarane pulo Kyushu lan pulau Taiwan. Wong Ryukyu umume dipérang dadi sawetara sub-suku, yaiku Amami, Okinawa, Miyako, Yaeyama, lan Yonaguni.<ref name="PHeinrich">{{cite | title = The Making of Monolingual Japan: Language Ideology and Japanese Modernity | author = Patrick Heinrich | url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=4wrPBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA85&dq=ryukyu+japonic+languages&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0CCsQuwUwAmoVChMI-MuN_8OCyQIVTZ6OCh3IGwoT#v=onepage&q=ryukyu%20japonic%20languages&f=false | page = 85 | volume  = 146 | publisher = Multilingual Matters | year = 2012 | id = ISBN 1-84769-656-2, 9781847696564}}</ref> Secara administratif, dheweke manggon ing [[Préfèktur Okinawa]] lan [[Préfèktur Kagoshima]].

Basa-basané kalebu [[Kulawarga Basa Ryukyu]], salah siji saka rong cabang basa kulawarga Japonik, lan cabang liyane yaiku [[basa Jepang]] lan dialek-dialekipun.<ref name="PHeinrich"/> Populasi pulau kasebut kira-kira ana 1,4 yuta wong (2014).<ref>{{cite journal | title = Regional Report: Okinawa Japan (GAIN Report Number: JA4701) | url = http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Regional%20Report%20-%20Okinawa_Osaka%20ATO_Japan_3-24-2014.pdf | journal = Global Agricultural Information Network | publisher = USDA Foreign Agricultural Service | author = Chika Motomura | date = 2014-03-24 | accessdate = 2015-11-09 | archive-date = 2016-03-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305151648/http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Regional%20Report%20-%20Okinawa_Osaka%20ATO_Japan_3-24-2014.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> Uga ana 300.000 wong keturunan Ryukyu sing makarya ing pulo [[Honshu]],<ref name="Hoffman"/> umume keturunane diaspora Okinawa sing bali saka [[Amérikah Latin]].<ref name="Hoffman">{{cite news|title = Okinawa: a long history of hardship|author = Michael Hoffman|url = http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2012/06/10/books/book-reviews/okinawa-a-long-history-of-hardship/#.VkAyn9IrJkh|journal = The Japan Times|accessdate = 2015-11-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal  | title = ''Reviewed Work:'' Drumming Out a Message: Eisa and Okinawan Diaspora in Japan No. 1 (Winter, 2007) | author = Yoshitaka Terada, National Museum of Ethnology | others = Direview oleh Junko Oba | journal = JSTOR | volume = 51   | pages = 173-175 | accessdate = 2015-11-09}}</ref>

== Sejarah ==
Sacara genetis, wong Ryukyu pribumi raket banget karo wong Ainu, lan sedulur liya sing cedhak yaiku karo [[Bangsa Jepang|wong Jepang]] lan wong Korea.<ref>{{cite book|title = The History and Geography of Human Genes|author = [[Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza]], Paolo Menozzi, Alberto Piazza|url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=FrwNcwKaUKoC&pg=PA232&dq=origin+ryukyuans&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0CCAQuwUwAGoVChMInpS3oM34yAIVY6ymCh1Y5Agl#v=onepage&q=origin%20ryukyuans&f=false|page = 232|publisher = Princeton University Press|year = 1994|id = ISBN 0-691-08750-4, 9780691087504}}</ref> Wong Ryukyu uga paling cedhak nomer loro sing paling cedak karo [[Jaman Jomon|wong Jomon]], sawise wong Ainu. Nanging, ditemokake uga bagean gen sing asale saka Asia Selatan kuna.<ref>{{cite book|title = Globalizing the Prehistory of Japan: Language, Genes and Civilisation|author = Ann Kumar|url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=f_aQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA101&dq=origin+ryukyuans&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0CCgQuwUwAWoVChMInpS3oM34yAIVY6ymCh1Y5Agl#v=onepage&q=origin%20ryukyuans&f=false|page = 101-102|publisher = Routledge|year = 2008|id = ISBN 1-135-78472-8, 9781135784720}}</ref>

Jeneng Ryukyu pisanan muncul ing serat babad Cina ing taun 605, saka Dinasti Sui.<ref name="Kerr"/> Sajrone pirang-pirang abad sawise, Cina umume nyebut jeneng Ryukyu kanggo area sing kalebu Kapuloan Ryukyu lan pulo Formosa.<ref name="Kerr">{{cite book|title = Ryukyu Kingdom and Province Before 1945|author = George H. Kerr|url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Q5IrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA12&dq=sui+dynasty+ryukyu&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0CEoQuwUwBmoVChMInpPL24z5yAIVhxSUCh3tlQOd#v=onepage&q=sui%20dynasty%20ryukyu&f=false|page = 12-14|publisher = National Academies|year = 1953}}</ref>

Pendhudhuk Kapuloan Ryukyu njaga hubungan apik karo Cina sajrone [[Wangsa Ming]].<ref name="Tsai">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ka6jNJcX_ygC&pg=PA145&dq=ryukyu+asked+for+thirty+six+families+fujian#v=onepage&q=ryukyu%20asked%20for%20thirty%20six%20families%20fujian&f=false|title=The eunuchs in the Ming dynasty|author=Shih-shan Henry Tsai|year=1996|publisher=SUNY Press|location=|isbn=0-7914-2687-4|page=145|pages=|accessdate=2011-02-04}}</ref> Ing taun 1392, yaiku nalika papréntahane [[Kaisar Hongwu]], pangadeg Dinasti Ming, 36 kulawarga Tionghoa saka [[Fujian]] diundang Chūzan, sawijining panguwasa ing pulau Okinawa, kanggo mapan ing plabuhan Naha lan kerja dadi utusan, penerjemah, lan pejabat pamrentah.<ref name="Tsai"/> Antarane para pejabat Ryukyu, sing sabanjure katah keturunan saka imigran Tionghoa iki, lair ing China, utawa duwe simbah-simbah Tionghoa.<ref name="Tsai"/> Dheweke menehi kontribusi kanggo kamajuan pribumi Ryukyu ing teknologi lan hubungan diplomatik.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ga-5mPOr2-wC&pg=PR13&dq=ryukyu+asked+for+thirty+six+families+fujian#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The East Asian maritime world 1400-1800: its fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges|author=Angela Schottenhammer|year=2007|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|location=|isbn=3-447-05474-3|page=xiii|pages=|accessdate=2011-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ddcV_cGegX4C&pg=PA125&dq=ryukyu+asked+for+thirty+six+families+fujian#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Maritime sector, institutions, and sea power of premodern China|author=Gang Deng|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|location=|isbn=0-313-30712-1|page=125|pages=|accessdate=2011-02-04}}</ref><ref name="Hendrickx">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ULyu8dNqS1sC&pg=PA39&dq=ryukyu+asked+for+thirty+six+families+fujian#v=onepage&q&f=false |title = The Origins of Banana-fibre Cloth in the Ryukyus, Japan  |author = Katrien Hendrickx |year = 2007 |publisher = Leuven University Press |location =  |isbn = 90-5867-614-5 |pages = 37-46 |accessdate=2011-01-11 }}</ref>

Ing taun 1429, Hashi ngedegake Kerajaan Ryukyu kapusat ing pulo Okinawa, lan terus njaga hubungan apik karo China.<ref name="Hendrickx"/> Ing taun 1609, Kerajaan Ryukyu ditaklukake karo Domain Satsuma Kyushu, kanthi izin saka [[Keshogunan Tokugawa]].<ref name="Hendrickx"/> Wiwit iku, kerajaan kasebut entuk perintah saka [[daimyo]] Satsuma,<ref name="Hendrickx"/> nganti akhire papréntahan kerajaan dibubarake kanthi resmi lan dadi bagean integral saka Jepang dadi [[Préfèktur Okinawa]] ing jaman Kaisar Meiji.<ref name="Kerr"/> Raja Shō Tai kepeksa pindhah menyang [[Tokyo]] lan dadi bangsawan luhur ing Kekaisaran Jepang.<ref>Papinot, Jacques. (2003). [http://www.unterstein.net/Toyoashihara-no-Chiaki-Nagaioaki-no-Mitsuho-no-Kuni/NobiliaireJapon.pdf ''Nobiliare du Japon'' -- Sho, p. 56 (PDF@60);] ''lihat pula'': Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon.''</ref>

== Budaya ==
Masarakat Ryukyu cenderung nganggep awake dhewe saling rumaket amarga pulau ingkang dipanggoni, lan utamane generasi tuwa asring nganggep awake dhewe iku wong Okinawain lagi wong Jepang.<ref>Smits, Gregory. ''Visions of Ryukyu''. University of Hawai'i Press. 1999. Pp 1–3.</ref><ref>Kerr, George. ''Okinawa: History of an Island People''. Charles Tuttle Co. 1959. Pp 454–471.</ref><ref>Glacken, Clarence. "The Great Loochoo: A Study of Okinawan Village Life". University of California Press. 1955. Pp 299–302.</ref>

Masakan Ryukyu cukup jelas nampilake pengaruh Cina lan Jepang.<ref name="Davidson">{{cite book |title = The Oxford Companion to Food |author = Alan Davidson |url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=bIIeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA568&dq=ryukyuan+cuisine&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0CE0QuwUwB2oVChMIhoH0hv76yAIViIuUCh2OwATR#v=onepage&q=ryukyuan%20cuisine&f=false |page = 568 |edition = 3 |publisher = OUP Oxford |year = 2014 |id = ISBN 0-19-104072-X, 9780191040726}}</ref> Wong Ryukyu seneng macem-macem masakan [[babi]], isa saka daging utawa bagean awak liyane.<ref name="Davidson"/><ref name="Dodd"/> Salah sawijining masakan sing terkenal yaiku Rafutei, yaiku pundhak lan weteng babi kang direndhem karo kecap, gula, lan Awamori (minuman keras lokal).<ref name="Davidson"/> Conto masakan liyane yaiku Nakami-no-suimono (sup irisan usus lan lambung babi), Mimikawa-sashimi (selada sunomono karo kuping babi), lan Ashitebichi (rebusan kikil daging babi).<ref name="Davidson"/><ref name="Dodd">{{cite book |title = The Rough Guide to Japan |authors = Jan Dodd, Simon Richmond |url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=V-guH1q__1wC&pg=PT1699&dq=ryukyuan+cuisine&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0CFYQuwUwCGoVChMIhoH0hv76yAIViIuUCh2OwATR#v=onepage&q=ryukyuan%20cuisine&f=false |edition = 5 |publisher = Penguin |year = 2011 |id = ISBN 1-4053-8926-5, 9781405389266}}</ref> Kajaba iku, daging babi uga asring digawe duduh kaldu.<ref name="Davidson"/> Wong Ryukyu ora mangan akeh iwak kaya wong Jepang liane, nanging umume nggunakake rumput laut kelp, kayata Konbu-iirichi yaiku tumisan rumput laut lan daging babi.<ref name="Davidson"/> Panganan laut khas liyane yaiku Irabu (sajenis ula laut), kang diasapi lan dimasak alon-alon nganti setengah dina karo rumput laut lan kikil babi, lan dipangan minangka sup.<ref name="Davidson"/><ref name="Dodd"/> Panganan liyane sing misuwur kanggo turis yaiku Champuru, yaiku tumis sayuran [[bestru]], [[paré]], gluten gandum, lan sōmen.<ref name="Dodd"/>

Agama pribumi masarakat Ryukyu yaiku kalebu [[animisme]], lan negesake banget kanggo nyembah leluhur.<ref name="HeinrichMiyaraShimoji"/> Kabeh ibadah lan ritual nggunakake basa lokal, dianakake dening para pandhita wanita sing diarani ''Nuuru'', lan uga ana dukun wanita ''Yuta'' kanggo ngobrol karo roh leluhur.<ref name="HeinrichMiyaraShimoji"/> Upacara prakarsa pandhita Izaihoo dianakake saben 12 taun saben taun jaran, nanging taun 1978 dadi upacara terakhir dianakake amarga ora ana sing ngerti kepiye maneh.<ref name="HeinrichMiyaraShimoji"/> Umume, praktik agama pribumi Ryukyu saiki wis mudhun banget.<ref name="HeinrichMiyaraShimoji">{{cite book |title = Handbook of the Ryukyuan Languages: History, Structure, and Use |authors = Patrick Heinrich, Shinsho Miyara, Michinori Shimoji |url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=g_FeCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA624&dq=ryukyuan+religion&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0CCIQuwUwAWoVChMIieTalZ77yAIVApqUCh3u3gPU#v=onepage&q=ryukyuan%20religion&f=false |page = 624 |volume = 11 |publisher = Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |year = 2015 |id = ISBN 1-61451-115-2, 9781614511151}}</ref>

[[Karaté]] minangka seni bela dhiri sing saiki misuwur asale saka Ryukyu, luwih tepate ing pulau Okinawa.<ref name="Toguchi"/><ref name="Ollhoff"/> Wiwitane, Karate dikembangake minangka seni beladiri rahasia kanggo masarakat Okinawa, amarga larangan nggawa senjata sawise penaklukan Ryukyu dening klan Satsuma.<ref name="Toguchi"/><ref name="Ollhoff"/> Seni bela dhiri iki wiwitane dikembangake ing Shuri, Tomari, lan Naha, minangka gabungan seni beladhiri Okinawa asli lan ditambah pengaruh [[Wushu|seni beladiri Cina]].<ref name="Toguchi"/><ref name="Ollhoff"/> Tokoh sing dianggep bapak saka Karate modern yaiku Higaonna Kanryō lan Ankō Itosu.<ref name="Toguchi"/> Ing wiwitan taun 1900an, loro guru seni beladhiri kasebut kabuka nampa siswa lan mulang Karate ing sekolah-sekolah umum.<ref name="Toguchi">{{cite book |title = Okinawan Goju-ryu: The Fundamentals of Shorei-kan Karate |author = Seikichi Toguchi |url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=8aMQz0B5W4oC&pg=PA9&dq=origin+karate&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0CDEQuwUwAzgUahUKEwjqnLqcuoLJAhVNCo4KHY0cBxY#v=onepage&q=origin%20karate&f=false |pages = 9-14 |edition = berilustrasi |publisher = Black Belt Communications |year = 1976 |id = ISBN 0-89750-018-0, 9780897500180}}</ref><ref name="Ollhoff">{{cite book |title = Karate: The World of Martial Arts |author =Jim Ollhoff |url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=q1d7AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=origin+karate&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0CC4QuwUwAmoVChMI6ci-6LmCyQIV0weOCh1UVggL#v=onepage&q=origin%20karate&f=false |pages = 6-8 |publisher = ABDO Publishing Company |year = 2010 |id = ISBN 1-61784-342-3, 9781617843426}}</ref>

== Dhaptar tokoh ==
Ing ngisor iki yaiku tokoh saka suku Ryukyu:

* Chōjun Miyagi, ahli seni beladiri, pangadeg karate Goju-ryu
* Cyril Takayama, pesulap
* Gackt, musisi
* Gichin Funakoshi, pangripta jinis karate Shotokan
* Higaonna Kanryō, bapak saka Karate modern
* High and Mighty Color, grup musik heavy rock
* Mitsuo Matayoshi, politisi
* Kadekaru Rinsho, penyanyi lagu rakyat
* Kazuki Ganaha, pemain bal-balan
* Kenichi Maeyamada, komposer, penulis lirik, lan musisi
* Motobu Chōki, karateka
* Namie Amuro, penyanyi
* Rimi Natsukawa, penyanyi
* Risa Niigaki, penyanyi, anggota Morning Musume
* Ryan Higa, aktor, pelawak, produser, artis YouTube
* Olivia Lufkin, penyanyi, panulis lagu
* Orange Range, band
* Shō Tai, raja pungkasan Kerajaan Ryukyu
* Speed, klompok penyanyi lan penari wanita
* [[Takeshi Kaneshiro]], aktor
* Tetsuhiro Daiku, penyanyi lagu rakyat
* Yui Aragaki, penyanyi, aktor swara, lan model.

== Dheleng uga ==
* [[Préfèktur Okinawa]]
* [[Préfèktur Kagoshima]]

== Referensi ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Wacanan lanjutan ==
* Kreiner, J. (1996). ''Sources of Ryūkyūan history and culture in European collections''. Monographien aus dem Deutschen Institut für Japanstudien der Philipp-Franz-von-Siebold-Stiftung, Bd. 13. München: Iudicium. ISBN 3-89129-493-X
* Ota, Masahide. (2000). ''Essays on Okinawa Problems''. Yui Shuppan Co.: Gushikawa City, Okinawa, Japan. ISBN 4-946539-10-7 C0036.
::An excellent collection of essays by a peace activist and former governor of Okinawa. Among the issues it discusses are those affecting the development of Ryukyuan identity.
* Ouwehand, C. (1985). ''Hateruma: socio-religious aspects of a South-Ryukyuan island culture''. Leiden: E.J. Brill. ISBN 90-04-07710-3
* Pacific Science Congress, and Allan H. Smith. (1964). ''Ryukyuan culture and society: a survey''. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
* Sakiyama, R. (1995). ''Ryukyuan dance = Ryūkyū buyo''̄. Naha City: Okinawa Dept. of Commerce, Industry & Labor, Tourism & Cultural Affairs Bureau.
* Yamazato, Marie. (1995). ''Ryukyuan cuisine''. Naha City, Okinawa Prefecture: Okinawa Tourism & Cultural Affairs Bureau Cultural Promotion Division.

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.uchinanchu.org/ ''Okinawa Peace Network of Los Angeles''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516004915/http://uchinanchu.org/ |date=2017-05-16 }}, informasi budaya Ryukyu
* [http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/96/0322/feat4.html ''Inside Story: Japan, The New Battle for Okinawa'' (Asia Week)]
* [http://home.att.net/~jf-barnes/political.html ''The Politics of Uchinau'']

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ryukyu}}
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