Deleng sumberé Kakristenan ing Jepang

'''Agama Kristen ing Jepang''' lumebu liwat rute perdagangan ing abad kaping 19.<ref name=":1"/> Wong [[Jepang]] seneng karo ilmu lan teknologi saka Kulon, dadi luwih terbuka nalika agama [[Kristen]] lumebu.<ref name=":1"/> Malah, pamrentah Jepang dhewe milih wong Kristen dadi guru ing universitas sing wis ana.<ref name=":1"/> Keterbukaan Jepang ing wektu iki nyedhiyakake papan kanggo jemaat Kristen sing wis dikabarake injil udakara abad kaping 16, nanging ana tekanan saka negara kasebut mula kepeksa ndhelik.<ref name=":1"/> Nanging, Nikolai, [[pandhita]] konsul saka [[Ruslan]] iso mbangun Greja Orthodok Ruslan ing Jepang.<ref name=":1"/> Greja Protestan uga sukses ing antarane para samurai amarga dheweke kepincut karo prinsip kepatuhan lan pelayanan ingkang ditawakake [[Protèstan]]. Kajaba iku, masa kebangunan rohani sing kedadeyan udakara taun 1880 uga nyumbang tumrap tuwuhing greja kanthi cepet.<ref name=":1"/> Salah sawijining perjuangan utama jemaat Kristen ing Jepang yaiku nasionalisme Jepang ingkang ana gandhengane karo agama [[Shinto]], saengga dheweke angel golek kesetiaan kangge negara kasebut uga kangge agama Kristen dhewe.<ref name=":1"/> Kajaba iku, pecahe [[Perang Donya II]] nyebabake konflik kesetiaan ing antarane jemaat Kristen lan negarane dadi saya parah.<ref name=":1"/> Kejaba perkara kasebut, ana sawetara tokoh Kristen sing duwe peran kanggo Jepang, kayata [[Toyohiko Kagawa]].<ref name=":2"/>

== Etimologi ==
Tembung dhasar Jepang kanggo {{Nihongo|Kekristenan|キリスト教|Kirisuto-kyō}} asale saka transkripsi [[katakana]] kanggo tembung {{Nihongo|Cristo|キリスト|kirisuto}}, yaiku tembung [[basa Portugis]] kanggo "[[Kristus]]", ditambah tembung [[:id:Kosakata Sino-Jepang|Tionghoa-Jepang]] kanggo {{Nihongo|doktrin|教|kyō|piwulang utawa prinsip urip, saka [[basa Mandharin]] ''kæ̀w'' 教}}.<ref name=":3"/>

== Budaya ==
Jepang yaiku salah sawijining negara paling sekuler ing donya miturut ''World Values Survey''. Sanajan ana udakara 3 yuta wong Kristen ing Jepang,<ref name=":4"/> Kekristenan nyebar ing antarane afiliasi denominasi. 70% greja Jepang duwe rata-rata sing rawuh kurang saka 30 wong, sanajan anggotane asring peng pindone angka iki.<ref name=":5"/>

== Tokoh Kristen ing Jepang ==
Wiwit kaping pisanan misi Katulik lumebu ing abad kaping 17, sawetara pejabat luhur Jepang dadi lumebu agama Kristen, kalebu Dom Justo Takayama lan Hosokawa Gracia. Antarane 26 martir Jepang, Paulo Miki ingkang paling misuwur. Umat Katolik ngelingi dheweke minangka salah sawijining santo pangreksa Jepang.

=== Nayakotama Jepang ===
Sanajan wong Kristen ing Jepang kurang saka 1% populasi,<ref name=":6"/><ref name=":7"/><ref name=":8"/> nanging wus ana wolung wong Kristen sing dadi Nayakotama ing Jepang.

==== Katolik Roma ====
* [[Hara Takashi]] - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 19 lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 10.
* Shigeru Yoshida - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 45, 48, 49, 50, lan 51, lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 32.
* Taro Aso - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 92 lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 59.

==== Protestan ====
* Viscount Takahashi Korekiyo - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 20 lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 11.
* Tetsu Katayama - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 46 lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 33.
* Ichirō Hatoyama - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 52, 53, lan 54, lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 35.
* Masayoshi Ōhira - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 68, lan 69, lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 43.
* [[Yukio Hatoyama]] - pemimpin papréntahan ingkang kaping 94 lan nayakotama ingkang kaping 60.

== Referensi ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=":1">{{id}} Anne Ruck.1997.''Sejarah Gereja di Asia''.Jakarta:PT BPK Gunung Mulia. hlm 156-174.</ref>
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<ref name=":2">{{id}} F.D. Wellem.1993.''Riwayat Hidup Singkat Tokoh-tokoh Dalam Gereja''.Jakarta:PT Bpk Gunung Mulia.</ref>
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<ref name=":3">{{cite book|title = Kodansha's ''furigana'' Japanese Dictionary|publisher = Kodansha Inc.|location = Japan|year = 1999}}</ref>
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<ref name=":4">[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90138.htm US State Department 2007 Religious Freedom Report]. State.gov (2007-09-14). Retrieved on 2011-06-15.</ref>
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<ref name=":5">[http://www.omf.org/omf/japan/about_japan/country OMF International – Japan, the Land of Contrasts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203021522/http://www.omf.org/omf/japan/about_japan/country |date=2013-12-03 }}. Omf.org. Retrieved on 2011-06-15.</ref>
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<ref name=":6">{{cite web|title=Christianity's long history in the margins|url= http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/02/24/reference/christianitys-long-history-in-the-margins/|work=[[The Japan Times]]|date=February 24, 2009|author=Mariko Kato|quote=The Christian community itself counts only those who have been baptized and are currently regular churchgoers — some 1 million people, or less than 1 percent of the population, according to Nobuhisa Yamakita, moderator of the United Church of Christ in Japan}}</ref>
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<ref name=":7">{{cite web|publisher=[[Mission Network News]]|title=Christians use English to reach Japanese youth|date=3 September 2007|url=http://mnnonline.org/article/10318|quote=The population of Japan is less than one-percent Christian|access-date=21 September 2020|archive-date=11 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611060608/http://mnnonline.org/article/10318|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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<ref name=":8">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RB2goIgxF68C&pg=PA62|title=Transactions, transgressions, transformations: American culture in Western Europe and Japan|page=62|publisher=Berghahn Books|year=2000|isbn=1-57181-108-7|quote=... followers of the Christian faith constitute only about a half percent of the Japanese population|author=Heide Fehrenbach, Uta G. Poiger}}</ref>
}}

== Wacanan tambahan ==
* Ballhatchet, Helen ([[Keio University]]). "[http://www.jstor.org/stable/30234180 Christianity and Gender Relationships in Japan: Case Studies of Marriage and Divorce in Early Meiji Protestant Circles]." ''[[Japanese Journal of Religious Studies]]''. [[Nanzan University]], Vol. 34, No. 1, Christians in Japan (2007), pp.&nbsp;177–201. Available at [[JSTOR]].
* Germany, Charles H., ed. ''The Response of the Church to Changing Japan''. New York: Friendship Press, 1967.

== Pranala luar ==
* {{CathEncy|wstitle=Japan}}
* [http://english.pauline.or.jp/history/ History of the Japanese Catholic Church] by the Daughters of St. Paul convent; Tokyo, Japan
* [http://www.renaissancejapan.org/jcc/what-was-japans-christian-century What was Japan’s Christian Century (1550–1650)?] by JARS: Japanese Association for Renaissance Studies
* [http://www.pravmir.com/article_196.html Christianity is popular in Japan today, Orthodox Portal]
* [http://www.biblica.com/bibles/japanese Japanese Living Bible]
* [http://www.bible.or.jp/e/index.html Japanese Bible Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426063603/http://www.bible.or.jp/e/index.html |date=2017-04-26 }}

{{Topik Asia|Kekristenan ing}}

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