Deleng sumberé Hanyu Pinyin

{{Chinese|title=Pinyin|c={{linktext|拼音}}|p={{unicode|pīnyīn}}|poj=peng-im/pheng-im
|bpmf=ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ
|h=pin<sup>24</sup> im<sup>24</sup>
|j=ping<sup>3</sup> jam<sup>1</sup>
|wuu=phin<sup>平</sup> in<sup>平</sup>
|altname=Scheme of the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet|s2=汉语拼音方案|t2=漢語拼音方案|p2={{unicode|Hànyǔ pīnyīn fāng'àn}}
|bpmf2=ㄏㄢˋ ㄩˇ ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄤ ㄢˋ
|h2=hon<sup>55</sup> ngi<sup>24</sup> pin<sup>24</sup> im<sup>24</sup> fong<sup>24</sup> on<sup>55</sup>
|poj2=hàn-gú pheng-im hong-àn
|j2=hon<sup>3</sup> jyu<sup>5</sup> ping<sup>3</sup> jam<sup>1</sup> fong<sup>1</sup> on<sup>3</sup>
|wuu2=hoe<sup>去</sup> nyiu<sup>上</sup> phin<sup>平</sup> in<sup>平</sup> faon<sup>平</sup> oe<sup>去</sup>}}
{{IPA notice}}

'''Hanyu Pinyin''' ({{zh|s=汉语拼音|t=漢語拼音|p=Hànyǔ Pīnyīn}}; {{IPAc-cmn|p|in|1|-||yin|1}}) iku tatalaku jawatjati (Ind: sistem resmi) kanggo angowahi aksara Cina menyang [[aksara Latin]] ing nagara [[Cina]], [[Republik Cina|Taiwan]]<ref name=snowling>{{cite book|first= Margaret J. |last= Snowling |first2= Charles |last2 = Hulme | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell |year= 2005 |isbn= 1-4051-1488-6 |title = The science of reading: a handbook | volume = 17 | series = Blackwell handbooks of developmental psychology) |url= http://books.google.com/?id=qV7s-Oyx13oC |pages = 320–22}}</ref>, [[Singapura]], lan [[Malaysia]] kang uga karanan [[Romanisasi|caralatin]].  Tatalaku iki kerep dinggo amulang [[basa Mandarin|basa Mandharin]] angéja jeneng Cina ing publikasi manca lan kanggo [[lebonan]] (''input'') menyang komputer kang anganggo aksara Kan (Cina) (汉字 / 漢字, ''hànzì'').

Tatalaku iki digawé ing taun 1950 an M adhadhasar wangun caralatin sadurungé, lan dibabar déning pamaréntah Cina ing taun 1958 kanthi bola-bali dibenakake.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=Xinhua News Agency |date=2008-02-11 |title = Pinyin celebrates 50th birthday |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/news/242463.htm |accessdate = 2008-09-20}}</ref> The [[International Organization for Standardization]] ajupuktrima (Ind: mengadopsi) pinyin saemper caralatin baku kanthi baunagara (Ind: international) ing taun 1982 M.<ref name="ISO1982">{{cite web|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=13682|title=ISO 7098:1982 – Documentation – Romanization of Chinese |accessdate=2009-03-01}}</ref> Tatalaku iki didadèkaké baku ing [[Taiwan]] ing taun 2009 M, lan lumrahé karan Tatalaku Swarajati Anyar.<ref name="pinyin_tt">{{cite news | publisher=Taipei Times |date=2008-09-18 |title=Hanyu Pinyin to be standard system in 2009 |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/09/18/2003423528 |accessdate=2008-09-20}}</ref><ref name="pinyin_cp">{{cite news |publisher=The China Post |date=2008-09-18 |title=Government to improve English-friendly environment |url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national%20news/2008/09/18/175155/Gov%27t-to.htm |accessdate=2008-09-20 |archive-date=2008-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919054355/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national%20news/2008/09/18/175155/Gov%27t%2Dto.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

''Hànyǔ'' tegesé basa pocapan saka [[Wong Han]] lan ''pinyin'' kanthi barès tegesé 'swarajati' utawa 'pocapan' (Ing: phonetics).<ref name="Harbaugh">{{cite web|url=http://zhongwen.com/d/186/x126.htm|title=中文字普 (Chinese Characters: A Genealogy and Dictionary) |last= Harbaugh |first= Richard |year= 1998 |publisher= Zhongwen.com |accessdate= 2008-04-27 }}</ref>

=== Purwaksara ===
Ing saben kothakan ing ngisor, baris pisanan anuduhaké [[Pitulung:IPA|IPA]], baris kaloro aaanuduhaké pinyin.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
|-
|
!colspan="2"|[[Konsonan bilabial|Bilabial]]
!|[[Konsonan labiodental|Labio-<br />dental]]
!colspan="2"|[[Konsonan alveolar|Alveolar]]
!colspan="2"|[[Konsonan retroflex|Retroflex]]
!colspan="2"|[[Konsonan alveolo-palatal|Alveolo-<br />palatal]]
!|[[Konsonan palatal|Palatal]]
!colspan="2"|[[Konsonan velar|Velar]]
|-
!style="text-align: left;"|[[Konsonan plosive|Plosive]]
|style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[p]}}<br />b
|style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[pʰ]}}<br />p
|
|style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[t]}}<br />d
|style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tʰ]}}<br />t
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|
|style="background: #fcc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[k]}}<br />g
|style="background: #fcc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[kʰ]}}<br />k
|-
!style="text-align: left;"|[[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
|colspan="2;" style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[m]}}<br />m
|
|colspan="2;" style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[n]}}<br />n
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!style="text-align: left;"|[[Konsonan affricate|Affricate]]
|colspan="2"|
|
|style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[ts]}}<br />z
|style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tsʰ]}}<br />c
|style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tʂ]}}<br />zh
|style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tʂʰ]}}<br />ch
|style="background: #fcf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tɕ]}}<br />j
|style="background: #fcf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tɕʰ]}}<br />q
|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!style="text-align: left;"|[[Konsonan fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|colspan="2" | &nbsp;
|style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[f]}}<br />f
|colspan="2" style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[s]}}<br />s
|colspan="2" style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[ʂ]}}<br />sh
|colspan="2" style="background: #fcf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[ɕ]}}<br />x
|
|colspan="2" style="background: #fcc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[x]}}<br />h
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Konsonan liquid|Liquid]]
| colspan="2" |
|
| colspan="2;" style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;" |{{IPA|[l]}}<br />l
| colspan="2;" style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;" |{{IPA|[ɻ~ʐ]}}<sup>1</sup><br />r
| colspan="2" |
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
!style="text-align: left;"|[[Semivowel]]
|colspan="2" | &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|colspan="2" | &nbsp;
|colspan="2" |
|colspan="2" |
|style="text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[j]}}<sup>2</sup>&nbsp; or {{IPA|[ɥ]}}<sup>3</sup><br />y&nbsp;&nbsp;
|style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"|{{IPA|[w]}}<sup>2</sup><br />w
|}
<sup>1</sup> {{IPA|/ɻ/}} bisa kanthi swarajati kocap {{IPA|[ʐ]}} (a [[voiced retroflex fricative]]). Pocapan iki owah miturut pamicara, lan dudu rong ''fonèm'' kang abéda.<br />
<sup>2</sup> Aksara "w" lan "y" ora kalebu ing tabel wiwitan iki. Ana ''konvènsi'' tatatulis tumrap medial "i", "u" lan "ü" kang ora ana ing tabel wiwitan. Yèn "i", "u" utawa "ü" pungkasan lan ora ana wiwitané, diwaca "yi", "wu", lan "yu".<br />
<sup>3</sup> "y" dipocapaké {{IPA|[ɥ]}} (a [[labial-palatal approximant]]) sadurungé "u".

Urutan kanthi ''konvènsional'' (ora kalebu ''w'' lan ''y''), wiwitan saka tatalaku [[Bopomofo|Cuin]], yaiku:
:{|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"
|-
|style="background: #cfc;"|b p m f
|style="background: #ccf;"|d t n l
|style="background: #fcc;"|g k h
|style="background: #fcf;"|j q x
|style="background: #ffc;"|zh ch sh r
|style="background: #cff;"|z c s
|}

=== Wasanaksara ===
{{mandarin vowels}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|
!colspan=12|Kodhah
|-
!colspan=3|∅!!colspan=2|{{IPA|/i/}}!!colspan=2|{{IPA|/u/}}!!colspan=2|{{IPA|/n/}}!!colspan=3|{{IPA|/ŋ/}}
|-
!rowspan=4|Madyaksara
!∅
|{{IPA|[ɨ]}}<br><br>-i||{{IPA|[ɤ]}}<br>e<br>-e||{{IPA|[a]}}<br>a<br>-a
|{{IPA|[ei̯]}}<br>ei<br>-ei||{{IPA|[ai̯]}}<br>ai<br>-ai
|{{IPA|[ou̯]}}<br>ou<br>-ou||{{IPA|[au̯]}}<br>ao<br>-ao
|{{IPA|[ən]}}<br>en<br>-en||{{IPA|[an]}}<br>an<br>-an
|{{IPA|[ʊŋ]}}<br><br>-ong||{{IPA|[əŋ]}}<br>eng<br>-eng||{{IPA|[aŋ]}}<br>ang<br>-ang
|-
!{{IPA|/i/}}
|{{IPA|[i]}}<br>yi<br>-i||{{IPA|[i̯e]}}<br>ye<br>-ie||{{IPA|[i̯a]}}<br>ya<br>-ia
| ||
|{{IPA|[i̯ou̯]}}<br>you<br>-iu||{{IPA|[i̯au̯]}}<br>yao<br>-iao
|{{IPA|[in]}}<br>yin<br>-in||{{IPA|[i̯ɛn]}}<br>yèn<br>-ian
|{{IPA|[i̯ʊŋ]}}<br>yong<br>-iong||{{IPA|[iŋ]}}<br>ying<br>-ing||{{IPA|[i̯aŋ]}}<br>yang<br>-iang
|-
!{{IPA|/u/}}
|{{IPA|[u]}}<br>wu<br>-u||{{IPA|[u̯o]}}<br>wo<br>-uo <sup>3</sup>||{{IPA|[u̯a]}}<br>wa<br>-ua
|{{IPA|[u̯ei̯]}}<br>wei<br>-ui||{{IPA|[u̯ai̯]}}<br>wai<br>-uai
| ||
|{{IPA|[u̯ən]}}<br>wen<br>-un||{{IPA|[u̯an]}}<br>wan<br>-uan
| ||{{IPA|[u̯əŋ]}}<br>weng<br>&nbsp;||{{IPA|[u̯aŋ]}}<br>wang<br>-uang
|-
!{{IPA|/y/}}
|{{IPA|[y]}}<br>yu<br>-ü <sup>2</sup> ||{{IPA|[y̯e]}}<br>yue<br>-üe <sup>2</sup>||
| ||
| ||
|{{IPA|[yn]}}<br>yun<br>-ün <sup>2</sup>||{{IPA|[y̯ɛn]}}<br>yuan<br>-üan <sup>2</sup>
| || ||
|}
<sup>1</sup> {{IPA|[ɑɻ]}} iku katulis ''er''. Kanggo kabeh wasanaksara kang antuk wasanaksara-r, ora ana tatatulis kang umligi. Kandhawara angenani wasanakasara-r, bisa diwaca ing [[Pranata Erhwà|Pranata Êrhwà]].<br />
<sup>2</sup> "ü" tinulis "u" sabubare j, q, x, utawa y.<br />
<sup>3</sup> "uo" tinulis "o" sabubare b, p, m, utawa f.

Kanthi tehnis, ''i, u, ü'' tanpa dieloni aksara swara iku wasanaksara, dudu madyaksara, lan amarga saka iku nganggo sandhangan laras. Saliyané iku, ''ê'' {{IPA|[ɛ]}} (欸, 誒) lan anuswara swarajati (Ing: syllabic nasal) ''m'' (呒, 呣), ''n'' (嗯, 唔), ''ng'' (嗯, 𠮾) kanggo [[interjection]].

== Paripustaka ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Wacan ==
*Yin Binyong 尹斌庸 and Mary Felley (1990). ''Chinese Romanization''. Pronunciation and Orthography (Hanyu pinyin he zhengcifa 汉语拼音和正词法). Beijing: Sinolingua. ISBN 7-80052-148-6 / ISBN 0-8351-1930-0.
*Gao, J. K. (2005). ''Pinyin shorthand: a bilingual handbook = [Pinyin su ji fa]''. Dallas, TX: Jack Sun. ISBN 1-59971-251-2
*Kimball, R. L. (1988). ''Quick reference Chinese: a practical guide to Mandarin for beginners and travelers in English, Pinyin romanization, and Chinese characters''. San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. ISBN 0-8351-2036-8
*{{cite book |last=Uy |first=Dr. Tim and Jim Hsia (ed.) |title=Webster's Digital Chinese Dictionary: Advanced Reference Edition|year=2009 |publisher=Loqu8 Press |location=Mountain View, CA}}
*Wu, C.-j. (1979). ''The Pinyin Chinese–English dictionary''. Hong Kong: Commercial Press. ISBN 0-471-27557-3

== Pranala njaba ==
*[http://www.zdic.net/appendix/f43.htm (Proper sound of pinyin from zdic.net with sounds, require java script turned on)]
*[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pinyin/Vocabulary Pinyin-Hanzi-English Chinese-English dictionary]
*[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pinyin/Pinyin-English_News_Summary Pinyin-English news summary for learners of Chinese language]
*[http://chineseandbeyond.com/pinyin Free Pinyin Tutorial] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123064700/http://chineseandbeyond.com/pinyin |date=2012-01-23 }} (Chinese & Beyond)
*[http://www.chinesestudies.hawaii.edu/media/pdf/abc/appendix1.pdf Basic Rules for Hanyu Pinyin Orthography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803030805/http://www.chinesestudies.hawaii.edu/media/pdf/abc/appendix1.pdf |date=2012-08-03 }} (National Standard of the People's Republic of China (ICS 01.140.10), 1996)
*[http://www.quickmandarin.com/chinesepinyintable/ Interactive Pinyin Table] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106003931/http://www.quickmandarin.com/chinesepinyintable/ |date=2011-01-06 }}
*[http://www.archchinese.com/arch_pinyin_table.html Standard Mandarin Pinyin Chart]
*[http://sites.google.com/site/pinyinsite/pinyinaid-1 pinyinAID] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229122340/http://sites.google.com/site/pinyinsite/pinyinaid-1 |date=2011-12-29 }}
*[http://pinyin.info/readings/zyg/rules.html Basic Rules of Hanyu Pinyin Orthography] by [[Zhou Youguang]] (Pinyin.info)
*[http://pinyin.info/rules/initials_finals.html Table of Combinations of Initials and Finals] (Pinyin.info)
*[http://mandarinspot.com/annotate Chinese text annotation]
*[http://www.StandardMandarin.com/ Free Chinese Pronunciation Online]
*[http://www.sayjack.com/advanced/pinyin/quiz/ Pinyin Listening Test for 4 Tones]
*[http://pinyin.quickmandarin.com/learn_chinese_quiz/blue/ Pinyin Tone Recognition Test] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413045550/http://pinyin.quickmandarin.com/learn_chinese_quiz/blue/ |date=2021-04-13 }}
*[http://www.hakenberg.de/language/mandarin/pinyin.zip Pinyin audio of Google Translate (mp3 files)] 1243 different syllables and tones
* [http://szotar-magyar.hu/azsianet/nyelv/kinainyelvpinyinvonasatalakito.html pinyin converter (shui3→shuǐ)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113210557/http://szotar-magyar.hu/azsianet/nyelv/kinainyelvpinyinvonasatalakito.html |date=2012-01-13 }}
* [http://www.ichineseflashcards.com/pinyin.asp Refresh how to pronounce a word in Pinyin]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[Romanization of Chinese|Official romanization adopted<br /> by the People's Republic of China]]|before=[[Gwoyeu Romatzyh]] | after=current|years=1958-}}
{{succession box|title=[[Romanization of Chinese|de facto used romanization <br /> by the People's Republic of China]]|before=[[Wade-Giles]] | after=current|years=1978-}}
{{succession box|title=[[Romanization of Chinese in Taiwan|Official romanization adopted<br /> by the Republic of China (Taiwan)]]|before=[[Tongyong Pinyin]] | after=current|years=2009-}}
{{s-end}}

{{ISO standards}}

[[Kategori:Standar ISO]]
[[Kategori:Romanisasi Cina]]
[[Kategori:Abjad fonètik]]