Deleng sumberé Alfabèt Yunani

{{Infobox writing system
|name = Alfabèt Yunani
|sample = Greekalphabet.svg
|imagesize = 250px
|type = [[Alfabèt]]
|languages = [[Basa Yunani|Yunani]]
|time = {{nowrap|u. 800 SM –}} saiki{{sfn|Swiggers|1996|p=}}
|fam1 = [[Hiéroglif Mesir]]
|fam2 = [[Alfabèt Purwa-Sinai]]
|fam3 = [[Alfabèt Finikiya]]
|children = {{hlist|style=line-height:1.35em; |[[Alfabèt Got|Got]] |[[Alfabèt Glagolit|Glagolit]] |[[Aksara Kiril|Kiril]] |[[Alfabèt Koptik|Koptik]] |[[Alfabèt Arménia|Arménia]] |[[Aksara Itali Kuna|Itali Kuna]] |[[Alfabèt Latin|Latin]]}}
|unicode = {{ublist |class=nowrap |[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0370.pdf U+0370–U+03FF] {{smaller|Yunani lan Coptic}} |[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1F00.pdf U+1F00–U+1FFF] {{smaller|Yunani Jangkep}}}}
|iso15924 = Grek
|note = none
}}
'''Alfabèt Yunani''' wis dianggo nulis [[basa Yunani]] kawit abad angka 8 SM.{{Sfn|Cook|1987|p=9}} Aksara iki tumurun saka [[Aksara Fenisia|alfabèt Finikiya]] wiwitan<ref>[http://www.arcalog.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Near-Eastern-Chronology-and-the-development-of-the-Greek-Alphabet.pdf The Development of the Greek Alphabet within the Chronology of the ANE] (2009), Cuplikan: "Naveh wènèh patang alesan pokok kena ngapa padha sarujuk yèn aksara Yunani iku tumurun saka aksara Finikiya.<br>
1 Miturut Hérodutus “Wong Finikiya sing teka karo Cadmus... nggawa sarta aksarané lumebu Héllas, sing nalika ika wong Yunani durung weruh, pikirku.”<br>
2 Huruf Yunani, alpha, beta, gimmel ora ana surasané ing basa Yunani nanging ana tegesé ing aksara-aksara Semit pasangané.</ref> lan dadi aksara alfabètis kapisan sing mbédakaké huruf kanggo swara lan wyanjana. Aksara iki baboning [[aksara Latin]] lan [[Alfabèt Kiril|Kiril]].{{Sfn|Coulmas|1996|p=}} Saliyané kanggo nulisaké basa Yunani, sarana aksara cara kuna utawa cara anyar, aksara Yunani ing wektu iki uga minangka sumbering lambang-lambang lan panenger-panenger tèknis ing babagan kawruh pétung, kawruh alam, lsp.

Susunan kuna lan anyar aksara iki dumadi 24 huruf, sing urut saka alfa tekan oméga. Kaya déné aksara Latin lan Kiril, aksara Yunani asliné saben hurufé mung tunggal wujud. Aksara iki nuli dikembangaké saperlu mbédakaké jinis hurufé antaraning rupa huruf gedhé lan huruf cilik, sairib karo aksara Latin, tembé ing jaman modhèren.

Uni lan transkripsi konvènsional sawenèh huruf béda ing antaraning basa Yunani Kuna lan Yunani Anyar krana pangucaping basa Yunani wis akèh owahé kawit abad angka 5 SM tekan sapréné. Basa Yunani Kuna lan Anyar nganggo dhiakritik sing béda. Ing ortografi tradhisional, sing dianggo nulisaké basa Yunani Kuna lan kala-kala uga basa Yunani Anyar, ana akèh dhiakritik sing dianggo, kaya ta tandha aksèn kanggo nandhani aksèn laras ("politonik"), tandha prana kanggo nandhani ana orané uni {{IPA|/h/}} sing miwiti tembung, lan subskrip iota kanggo nandhani uni kuna {{IPA|/i/}} ing wekasan tembung. Ing éjaan Yunani Anyar sing baku, ortografiné wis digawé prasaja kanthi sistim monotonik sing mung nganggo rong dhiakritik: [[Aksen akut|aksèn akut]] lan dhirésis.

== Huruf ==
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" style="text-align:center;"
|style="vertical-align:top;"|

{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2"| Huruf !!rowspan="2"| Jeneng
!colspan="2"| Uni </tr>
! {{smaller|Kuna<ref name="woodard_2008_15">{{harvnb|Woodard|2008|pp=15–17}}</ref>}}
! {{smaller|Anyar<ref name="holton_1998_31">{{harvnb|Holton|Mackridge|Philippaki-Warburton|1998|p=31}}</ref>}}
|-
|style="font-size:120%;"| Α α || [[alpha]], άλφα || {{IPAblink|a}} {{IPAblink|aː}} || {{IPAblink|ɐ|a}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Β β || [[beta]], βήτα || {{IPAblink|b}} || {{IPAblink|v}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Γ γ || [[gamma]], γάμμα || {{IPAblink|ɡ}}, {{IPAblink|ŋ}}<ref>Contoné ἀ'''γ'''κών.</ref> || {{IPAblink|ɣ}} ~ {{IPAblink|ʝ}},<br> {{IPAblink|ŋ}}<ref>Contoné ε'''γ'''γραφή.</ref> ~ {{IPAblink|ɲ}}<ref>Contoné ε'''γ'''γεγραμμένος.</ref> </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Δ δ || [[Delta (huruf)|dèlta]], δέλτα || {{IPAblink|d}} || {{IPAblink|ð}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Ε ε || [[epsilon]], έψιλον || {{IPAblink|e}} || {{IPAblink|e̞|e}} </tr>
<!--Voiced alveolar affricate-->
|style="font-size:120%;"| Ζ ζ || [[zeta]], ζήτα || {{IPA|[zd]}}{{sup|A}} || {{IPAblink|z}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Η η || [[eta]], ήτα || {{IPAblink|ɛː}} || {{IPAblink|i}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Θ θ || [[theta]], θήτα || {{IPAblink|tʰ}} || {{IPAblink|θ}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Ι ι || [[iota]], ιώτα || {{IPAblink|i}} {{IPAblink|iː}} || {{IPAblink|i}}, {{IPAblink|ʝ}},<ref>Contoné β'''ι'''α.</ref> {{IPAblink|ɲ}}<ref>Contoné μ'''ι'''α.</ref> </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Κ κ || [[kappa]], κάππα || {{IPAblink|k}} || {{IPAblink|k}} ~ {{IPAblink|c}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Λ λ || [[lambda]], λάμδα || {{IPAblink|l}} || {{IPAblink|l}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Μ μ || [[Mu (huruf)|mu]], μυ || {{IPAblink|m}} || {{IPAblink|m}} </tr>
|} {{align|left|&nbsp;{{sup|A}} {{IPAblink|dz}}.<ref name="hinge">{{harvnb|Hinge|2001|pp=212–234}}</ref>}}

|style="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2"| Huruf !!rowspan="2"| Jeneng
!colspan="2"| Uni </tr>
! {{smaller|Kuna<ref name="woodard_2008_15" />}}
! {{smaller|Anyar<ref name="holton_1998_31" />}}
|-
|style="font-size:120%;"| Ν ν || [[Nu (huruf)|nu]], νυ || {{IPAblink|n}} || {{IPAblink|n}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Ξ ξ || [[Xi (huruf)|xi]], ξι || {{IPA|[ks]}} || {{IPA|[ks]}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Ο ο || [[omikron]], όμικρον || {{IPAblink|o}} || {{IPAblink|o̞|o}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Π π || [[Pi (huruf)|pi]], πι || {{IPAblink|p}} || {{IPAblink|p}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Ρ ρ || [[rho]], ρώ || {{IPAblink|r}} || {{IPAblink|r}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Σ σ/ς<ref name="nicholas_finalsigma">Huruf [[sigma]] {{angle bracket|Σ}} duwé rong warna huruf cilik, {{angle bracket|σ}} lan {{angle bracket|ς}}. Sing {{angle bracket|ς}} dianggo ing pungkasaning tembung lan sing {{angle bracket|σ}} ing saliyané. (Ing sawenèh rupa huruf abad angka 19, {{angle bracket|ς}} uga dianggo ing tengahing tembung ing pungkasaning morfem [[Camboran (linguistik)|camboran]], contoné "δυςκατανοήτων", nedya nandhani watesing morfem antara "δυς-κατανοήτων" (tegesé "angèl dingertèni"). Ing praktèk baku cara anyar, "δυσκατανοήτων" ora diéja nganggo sigma pungkasan.) {{cite web |first=Nick |last=Nicholas |year=2004 |title=Sigma: final versus non-final |url=http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/dist/sigma.html |accessdate=2012-07-15 |archive-date=2012-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129054902/http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/dist/sigma.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 | [[sigma]], σίγμα || {{IPAblink|s}} || {{IPAblink|s}} ~ {{IPAblink|z}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Τ τ || [[tau]], ταυ || {{IPAblink|t}} || {{IPAblink|t}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Υ υ || [[upsilon]], ύψιλον || {{IPAblink|y}} {{IPAblink|yː}} || {{IPAblink|i}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Φ φ || [[phi]], φι || {{IPAblink|pʰ}} || {{IPAblink|f}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Χ χ || [[Chi (huruf)|chi]], χι || {{IPAblink|kʰ}} || {{IPAblink|x}} ~ {{IPAblink|ç}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Ψ ψ || [[Psi (huruf)|psi]], ψι || {{IPA|[ps]}} || {{IPA|[ps]}} </tr>
|style="font-size:120%;"| Ω ω || [[omega]], ωμέγα || {{IPAblink|ɔː}} || {{IPAblink|o̞|o}} </tr>
|}

|}

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Bibliografi ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last=Cook|first=B. F.|year=1987|title=Greek inscriptions|place=|publisher=University of California Press/British Museum}}
*{{cite book|last=Coulmas|first=Florian|title=The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems|year=1996|publisher=Blackwell Publishers Ltd.|location=Oxford|isbn=0-631-21481-X}}
*{{cite thesis |last=Hinge|first=George |year=2001|title=Die Sprache Alkmans: Textgeschichte und Sprachgeschichte|publisher=University of Aarhus |type=Ph.D.}}
*{{cite book|last1=Holton|first1=David|first2=Peter|last2=Mackridge|first3=Irini|last3=Philippaki-Warburton|title=Grammatiki tis ellinikis glossas|place=Athens|publisher=Pataki|year=1998}}
*{{cite encyclopedia|last=Swiggers|first=Pierre|year=1996|title=Transmission of the Phoenician Script to the West|encyclopedia=The World's Writing Systems|editor1-last=Daniels|editor2-last=Bright|place=Oxford|publisher=University Press|pages=261–270}}
*{{cite book|last=Woodard|first=Roger D.|year=2008|chapter=Attic Greek|editor-first=Roger D.|editor-last=Woodard|title=The ancient languages of Europe|location=Cambridge|publisher=University Press|pages=14–49}}
{{refend}}

[[Kategori:Aksara sinandi ing Unicode 1.0]]