Deleng sumberé Balkan

{{artikel ing krama}}
'''Balkan''' inggih punika nama sajarah lan nama géografis kanggé nedahaken satunggiling [[subregion|tlatah]] ing [[Éropa Kidul-wétan]]. Tlatah punika wiyaripun antawis 550,000&nbsp;km² kanthi sing ndunungi kinten-kinten of 55 yuta. Nami saking basa [[Greek language|Yunani]] kanggé tlatah ''Ujung Balkan '' inggih punika Ujung [[Haemus]] (Χερσόνησος του Αίμου, ''Chersónisos tou Aímou''). Tlatah punika mendhet nama saking [[Gunung Balkan]] ingkang mujur saking [[Bulgaria]] tengah dumugi tlatah [[Serbia]] wétan.
[[Gambar:Balkan6.png|thumb|right|Garis saking titik paling lèr Adriatic dumugi titik paling lèr Seganten Cemeng ([[Black Sea]])]]
[[Gambar:Balkans-ethnique.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Peta Etnik Balkan sebelum [[Perang Balkan I]].]]
[[Gambar:Balkan Peninsula.svg|thumb|250px|Ujung Balkan peninsula (Miturut Garis Danube-Sava-Kupa)]]
[[Gambar:Balkans-political-map-small.png|thumb|250px|Peta Pulitik Balkan]]

== Dhéfinisi lan wates ==

=== Ujung Balkan ===
Tlatah Balkan dipunhubungaken déning toya saking tigang sisih, inggih punika: [[Segara Ireng|Seganten Cemeng]] utawi ''Black Sea'' ing sisih wétan, lan cabang saking [[Segara Mediterania|Seganten Mediterania]] utawi ''Mediterranean Sea'' ing sisih kidul lan kilèn (kalebet seganten [[Segara Adriatik|Adriatik]], seganten [[Segara Ionian|Ionian]], seganten [[Segara Aegean|Aegean]] lan seganten [[Segara Marmara|Marmara]]).

=== Balkan ===
Idhèntitas Balkan dipundominasi déning posisi geografinipun; kanthi historis tlatah punika minangka dalan simpang saking rupi-rupi [[budaya]]. Dados pepanggihan antawis [[Basa Latin]] lan [[Basa Yunani]] rikala jaman [[Kakaisaran Romawi]], dados tujuan mlebetipun bangsa Pagan [[Slavs]], tlatah ingkang dados patemonipun agami [[Kristen Orthodox]] lan [[Katulik]], ugi dados titik patemon antawis agami [[Islam]] lan [[Kristen]], lan minangka tujuan tumrap pengungsi [[Yahudi]] wekdal mangsa ''Inquisition''.

Balkan sapunika dados tlatah ingkang gadhah warni-warni lan bènten-bènten basa etnik, dados papan kanggé basa-basa [[Basa Slavik]], [[Basa Romawi]], lan [[Basa Turki]], ugi [[Basa Yunani]], [[Basa Albania]], lan sanèsipun. Miturut sajarah kathah ètnik sanès kanthi basanipun piyambak-piyambak ingkang dumunung wonten ing tlatah punika, antawisipun:ètnik [[Celts]], [[Illyrians]], [[Romawi Kuno]], [[Avars]], [[Vlachs]], lan rupi-rupi sukubangsa saking Jerman.

=== Kontroversi ===
[[Tapel wates]] lèr [[Ujung Balkan]] limrahipun wujud garis ingkang katarik saking Kali [[Danube]], [[Sava]] lan Kali [[Kupa River (Croatia)|Kupa]], lan satunggiling segmen ingkang ngubungaken ''mata air'' Kali Kupa kaliyan [[Lempongan Kvarner]].

Dhéfinisi sanès bab wates lèr Ujung Balkan sampun dipunusulaken::

* Garis [[Danube]]-[[Sava]]-[[Krka, Slowén|Krka River]]-[[Postojna|Postojnska Vrata]]-[[Vipava River]]-[[Soča]])
* Garis [[Danube]]-[[Sava]]-[[Ljubljansko polje]]-[[Idrijca]]-[[Soča]]
* Garis [[Dniester]]-[[Timişoara]]-[[Zagreb]]-[[Triglav]]
* Garis [[Trieste]]-[[Odessa]] ([[Trieste-Odessa line]]) [http://runeberg.org/salmonsen/2/2/0604.html]
* Garis Lempongan [[Trieste]]-[[Ljubljana]]-[[Sava]]-[[Danube]] ([http://www.rastko.org.yu/istorija/srbi-balkan/jilic-knot.html])

=== Dhéfinisi Ingkang Umum Wayah Punika ===
Wonten ing sadhéngah [[nagari Kilèn]], nagari-nagari ingkang dipunanggep kalebet Balkan inggih punika:
* [[Albania]]
* [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]
* [[Bulgaria]]
* [[Kroasia]]
* [[Montenegro]]
* [[Yunani]]
* [[Républik Makédonia Lor]]
* [[Serbia]]
* [[Turki]], nanging namung [[Turki pérangan Éropa]] (kanthi tradhisional dipunwastani [[Rumelia]] utawi [[Thrace]] wétan)
Sawetawis nagari ingkang kala-kala ugi dipunlebetaken tlatah Balkan:
* [[Moldavia|Moldova]]
* [[Rumania]]
* [[Slowak]]

=== Negari-nagari Ingkang Magepokan ===
Negari sanès ingkang boten kalebet Balkan naging caket lan gadhah prabawa ageng dhumateng [[geopulitik]], [[budaya]] lan [[sajarah]] Balkan antawisipun:
* [[Ostenrik]] (pirsani [[:En:Ostenrik-Hungary|: Ostenrik-Hungary]], [[:En:Assassination in Sarajevo|: Assassination in Sarajevo]])
* [[Siprus]] (pirsani [[:En:Cyprus dispute|: Cyprus Dispute]])
* [[Honggari]] (pirsani [[:En:Ostenrik-Hungary|: Ostenrik-Hungary]])
* [[Italia]] (see [[:En:Triest|: Triest]] lan [[:En:History of the Republic of Venice|: History of the Venetian Republic]])
* [[Ruslan]] (pirsani [[:En:History of Serbia|: History of Serbia]])

== Organisasi Regional ==<!-- This section is linked from [[Black Sea]] -->
{| style="width:500px"
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|[[Gambar:SEECP members.png|thumb|280px|[[Southeast European Cooperation Process]] (SEECP) member states|pra=Special:FilePath/SEECP_members.png]]|| 
[[Gambar:SP for SEE members.png|thumb|280px|[[Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe]] {{legend|#ff7f40|members}}{{legend|#00ff00|observers}} {{legend|#007fff|supporting partners}}]] 
|-
|[[Gambar:CEFTA members 2007.png|thumb|280px|[[Central European Free Trade Agreement]] (CEFTA)
{{legend|#ff7f40|members}}
{{legend|#007fff|former members, joined the [[European Union|EU]]}}]] 
||[[Gambar:CEI members.svg|right|thumb|280px|[[Central European Initiative]] (CEI) member states]] 
|-
|[[Gambar:SECI members.png|right|thumb|280px|[[Southeast European Cooperative Initiative]] (SECI) {{legend|#ff7f40|members}} {{legend|#00ff00|observers}}]] || 
|-
|}

Deleng uga [[Black Sea#Regional organizations|Black Sea Regional organizations]]

== Padunung lan komposisi miturut kebangsaan lan agami ==
Bangsa-bangsa ingkang dumunung wonten ing Balkan mliginipun:
* [[Romanians]] (22 yuta)
* [[Greeks]] (10.5 yuta)
* [[Turkish people|Turks]] (10 yuta)
* [[Serbs]] (8.5 yuta)
* [[Bulgarians]] (6.6 yuta)
* [[Albanians]] (6 yuta)
* [[Croats]] (4.5 yuta)
* [[Bosniacs]] (2 yuta)
* [[Slovenes]] (2 yuta)
* [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]] (1.3 yuta)
* [[Montenegrins]] (0.3 yuta)
* Sanèsipun ([[Roma (people)|Roma]],...)

Agami ingkang kathah dipunanut ing tlatah Balkan inggih punika ([[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox]] lan [[Catholicism|Katulik]]) [[Kristen]] lan [[Islam]]. [[Eastern Orthodox]] minangka agami utami ing:
* Bulgaria ([[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]])
* Greece ([[Church of Greece]])
* Republic of Macedonia ([[Serbian Orthodox Church]] and uncanonical [[Macedonian Orthodox Church]])
* Montenegro ([[Serbian Orthodox Church]] and uncanonical [[Montenegrin Orthodox Church]])
* Romania ([[Romanian Orthodox Church]])
* Serbia ([[Serbian Orthodox Church]])

[[Roman Catholicism]] minangka agami utami ing:
* Croatia
* Slowén

[[Islam]] minangka agami utami ing:
* Albania
* Bosnia lan Herzegovina
* Turki

== Réferènsi ==
* Banac, Ivo. ''Historiography of the Countries of Eastern Europe: Yugoslavia'', ''American Historical Review'', v 97 #4 (October 1992), 1084-1104.
* Banac, Ivo. ''The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics'' Cornell University Press, [1984].
* Carter, Francis W., ed. ''An Historical Geography of the Balkans'' Academic Press, 1977.
* Dvornik, Francis. ''The Slavs in European History and Civilization'' Rutgers University Press, 1962.
* Fine, John V. A., Jr. ''The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century'' [1983]; ''The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest.'' Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, [1987].
* John R. Lampe and Marvin R. Jackson; ''Balkan Economic History, 1550-1950: From Imperial Borderlands to Developing Nations'' Indiana University Press, 1982
* Jelavich, Barbara. ''History of the Balkans'', 2 vols. Cambridge University Press, [1983].
* Jelavich, Charles, and Jelavich, Barbara, eds. ''The Balkans in Transition: Essays on the Development of Balkan Life and Politics since the Eighteenth Century'' University of California Press, 1963.
* Király, Béla K., ed. ''East Central European Society in the Era of Revolutions, 1775-1856.'' 1984
* Komlos, John, ed. ''Economic Development in the Habsburg Monarchy and in the Successor States: Essays'' 1990.
* Mazower, Mark, ''The Balkans: A Short History'', 2000
* Traian Stoianovich; ''Balkan Worlds: The First and Last Europe'' 1994.
{{reflist}}

== Ugi pirsani ==
* [[:En:Balkans|Balkans]]
* [[:En:History of the Balkans|: History of Balkans]]
** [[:En:Historical regions of the Balkan Peninsula|: Historical regions of the Balkan Peninsula]]
** [[:En:Balkan wars|: Balkan Wars]]
* [[:En:Balkan languages|: Balkan languages]]
** [[:En:Balkan sprachbund|: Balkan Sprachbund]]
* [[:En:Balkanization|: Balkanization]]
* [[:En:Orient Express|: Orient Express]]
* [[:En:Music of Southeastern Europe|: Music of Southeastern Europe]]
* [[:En:The Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina|: The Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]

== Pranala njawi ==
{{commons|Balkans}}
* [http://www.boeckler.de/cps/rde/xchg/SID-3D0AB75D-EE15F528/hbs/hs.xsl/179.html South-East Europe Review]
* [http://www.balkanbaby.blogspot.com/ BalkanBaby travel writing, analysis and photos from the Balkans]
* [http://www.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/ Balkan History by Steven W. Sowards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015050852/http://www.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/ |date=2007-10-15 }}
* [http://www.seeurope.net/ SEEurope.net]-news coverage on Southeastern Europe
* [http://www.setimes.com/ Southeast European Times]
* [http://www.csees.net/ The Centre for South East European Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219183410/http://www.csees.net/ |date=2008-12-19 }}
* [https://archive.is/20121213092651/www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/balkans.html Balkans region: Oil and Gas Fact Sheet]-[[United States Department of Energy]] Analysis Brief
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4397497.stm Balkans urged to curb trafficking - BBC]
* [http://www.balkanupdate.com News from Balkans]
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