Estrogen: Béda antara owahan
Kaca énggal: thumb|[[Estriol]] thumb|[[Estradiol]] thumb|[[Estron]] '''Estrogen''' (-utawa '''oestro... |
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[[Gambar:Estrone structure.svg|thumb|[[Estron]]]] |
[[Gambar:Estrone structure.svg|thumb|[[Estron]]]] |
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'''Estrogen''' (-utawa '''oestrogen''') -yaiku sekelompok senyawa [[steroid]] kang fungsine utamane minangka [[hormon]] [[seks]] [[wanita]]. Senajan turah isa iku ing jero awak [[pria]] utawa wanita, kandungane luwih duwur ing awak wanita umur subur. Hormon iki nyebapake perkembangan lan nahanake tanda-tanda [[kelamin]] [[Tanda kelamin sekunder|sekunder]] ing wanita, kaya [[susu]], lan uga melu sajrone kekandelan [[endometrium]] utawa sajrone pengaturan [[siklus haid]]. nalika wektu [[menopause]], estrogen mulai kurang sahingga isa nyebapake pira-pira efek, ing antarane ''hot flash'', kanti kringet nalika wektu [[turu]], lan was-was kang ora wajar. |
'''Estrogen''' (-utawa '''oestrogen''') -yaiku sekelompok senyawa [[steroid]] kang fungsine utamane minangka [[hormon]] [[seks]] [[wanita]]. Senajan turah isa iku ing jero awak [[pria]] utawa wanita, kandungane luwih duwur ing awak wanita umur subur. Hormon iki nyebapake perkembangan lan nahanake tanda-tanda [[kelamin]] [[Tanda kelamin sekunder|sekunder]] ing wanita, kaya [[susu]], lan uga melu sajrone kekandelan [[endometrium]] utawa sajrone pengaturan [[siklus haid]]. nalika wektu [[menopause]], estrogen mulai kurang sahingga isa nyebapake pira-pira efek, ing antarane ''hot flash'', kanti kringet nalika wektu [[turu]], lan was-was kang ora wajar. |
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telu jenis estrogen utama kang turah sacara alami sajrone awak wanita yaiku [[estradiol]], [[estriol]], lan [[estron]]. Awit ''[[menarche]]'' nganti [[menopause]], estrogen utama -yaiku [[estradiol|17β-estradiol]]. Ing jero awak, katelu jenis estrogen kasebut digawe saka [[androgen]] kanti bantuan [[enzim]]. Estradiol digawe saka [[testosteron]], wondene estron digawe saka [[androstenadion]]. Estron kanti sifat luwih lemah ketimbang estradiol, lan ing wanita pasca menopause estron ditemokake luwih akeh ketimbang estradiol. Pira-pira zat alami utawa gaweyan wis ditemokake duweni aktivitas kang sifate pada estrogen<ref>{{cite journal | author = Fang H, Tong W, Shi L, Blair R, Perkins R, Branham W, Hass B, Xie Q, Dial S, Moland C, Sheehan D | title = Structure-activity relationships for a large diverse set of natural, synthetic, and environmental estrogens. | journal = Chem Res Toxicol | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 280-94 | year = 2001 | id = PMID 11258977}}</ref>. Zat gaweyan kang sifate kaya estrogen disebut ''xenoestrogen'', wondene bahan alami saka wit-witan kang duweni aktivitas kaya estrogen disebut ''fitoestrogen''. |
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Estrogen digunakake minangka bahan pil [[kontrasepsi]] lan juga terapi kanggo wanita [[menopause]]. |
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Terpapar hormon estrogen kanti ura aturan lan kumulatif, dianggep isa ningkatke risiko kena [[kanker payudara]],<ref>{{en}}{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18637481 |
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| title = Mechanisms of hormone carcinogenesis: evolution of views, role of mitochondria |
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| work = Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Chen JQ, Brown TR, Yager JD. |
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}}(Kaunduh 30/1/13)</ref> lan [[kanker endometrium]].<ref>{{en}}{{cite web |
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| url = http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/17/3/563.full |
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| title = UGT1A1 Genetic Polymorphisms, Endogenous Estrogen Exposure, Soy Food Intake, and Endometrial Cancer Risk |
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| work = Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Sandra L. Deming, Wei Zheng, Wang-Hong Xu, Qiuyin Cai, Zhixian Ruan, Yong-Bing Xiang dan Xiao-Ou Shu |
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}}(Kaunduh 30/1/13)</ref> Mekanisme klasik estrogen bakal duweni pengaruh tumprap laju dalan [[mitosis]] lan [[apoptosis]] lan ngejawantah dadi risiko kanker payudara kanti ngaruhi pertumbuhan [[sel epitelial|jaringan epitelial]]. Laju [[proliferasi]] [[sel (biologi)|sel]] kang cepet banget bakal gawe sel dadi rentan tumprap kesalahan [[gen]]etika nalika proses [[replikasi DNA]] dening senyawa [[spesi oksigen reaktif]] kang teraktivasi dening [[metabolit]] estrogen. Senajan mengkono, fitoestrogen isa mudunake risiko kasebut kanti kapasitase berkompetisi karo estrogen ing pencerape, sahingga menstimulasi produksi [[globulin]] pengusung hormon seks lan ngalonake aktvitas enzim ing lintasa sintesis estrogen. |
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Nalika ngalami [[katabolisme]], estrogen bakal mbentuk pira-pira senyawa [[intermediat]] kang disebut estrogen-[[katekol]] lewati 2 [[lintasan metabolisme|lintasan]] ''2-hydroxylation'' karo enzim [[CYP1A1]] lan ''4-hydroxylation'' karo enzim [[CYP1B1]],<ref>{{en}}{{cite web |
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| url = http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/16/3/481.full |
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| title = Ovarian Cancer Risk and Polymorphisms Involved in Estrogen Catabolism |
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| work = Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine; and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Sarah K. Holt, Mary Anne Rossing, Kathleen E. Malone, Stephen M. Schwartz, Noel S. Weiss and Chu Chen |
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}}(Kaunduh 30/1/13)</ref> kanggo dieliminasi kanti pira-pira proses kayata [[metilasi]] kanti enzim ''[[catechol-o-methyltransferase]]'', [[hidroksilasi]], [[oksidasi]], [[detoksifikasi]], [[sulfinasi]] kanti enzim [[sulfotransferase]], lan [[glusuronidasi]] kanti enzim [[glusuronosiltransferase|UGT]]. ing umumne senyawa estrogen-katekol duweni [[wektu paruh]] kang cendek amerga langsung ''termetilasi'' dadi ''2-methoxyestradiol'' lan ''4-methoxyestradiol''. Senyawa estrogen-katekol isa duwen sifat [[tumorigenik]] utawa anti-tumorigenik, misale ''[[4-hydroxyestradiol]]'' duweni sifat [[hormon]]al kanti ngaktivasi pencerap estrogen, lan nginduksi [[adenokarsinoma]] ing [[endometrium]]. Wondene ''[[2-methyoxyestradiol]]'' duweni aktivitas antitumorigenik kanti ngalonake [[proliferasi]] lan [[angiogenesis]] ing [[sel (biologi)|sel]] [[tumor]]. |
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Révisi kala 30 Januari 2013 11.59
Estrogen (-utawa oestrogen) -yaiku sekelompok senyawa steroid kang fungsine utamane minangka hormon seks wanita. Senajan turah isa iku ing jero awak pria utawa wanita, kandungane luwih duwur ing awak wanita umur subur. Hormon iki nyebapake perkembangan lan nahanake tanda-tanda kelamin sekunder ing wanita, kaya susu, lan uga melu sajrone kekandelan endometrium utawa sajrone pengaturan siklus haid. nalika wektu menopause, estrogen mulai kurang sahingga isa nyebapake pira-pira efek, ing antarane hot flash, kanti kringet nalika wektu turu, lan was-was kang ora wajar.
telu jenis estrogen utama kang turah sacara alami sajrone awak wanita yaiku estradiol, estriol, lan estron. Awit menarche nganti menopause, estrogen utama -yaiku 17β-estradiol. Ing jero awak, katelu jenis estrogen kasebut digawe saka androgen kanti bantuan enzim. Estradiol digawe saka testosteron, wondene estron digawe saka androstenadion. Estron kanti sifat luwih lemah ketimbang estradiol, lan ing wanita pasca menopause estron ditemokake luwih akeh ketimbang estradiol. Pira-pira zat alami utawa gaweyan wis ditemokake duweni aktivitas kang sifate pada estrogen[1]. Zat gaweyan kang sifate kaya estrogen disebut xenoestrogen, wondene bahan alami saka wit-witan kang duweni aktivitas kaya estrogen disebut fitoestrogen.
Estrogen digunakake minangka bahan pil kontrasepsi lan juga terapi kanggo wanita menopause.
Terpapar hormon estrogen kanti ura aturan lan kumulatif, dianggep isa ningkatke risiko kena kanker payudara,[2] lan kanker endometrium.[3] Mekanisme klasik estrogen bakal duweni pengaruh tumprap laju dalan mitosis lan apoptosis lan ngejawantah dadi risiko kanker payudara kanti ngaruhi pertumbuhan jaringan epitelial. Laju proliferasi sel kang cepet banget bakal gawe sel dadi rentan tumprap kesalahan genetika nalika proses replikasi DNA dening senyawa spesi oksigen reaktif kang teraktivasi dening metabolit estrogen. Senajan mengkono, fitoestrogen isa mudunake risiko kasebut kanti kapasitase berkompetisi karo estrogen ing pencerape, sahingga menstimulasi produksi globulin pengusung hormon seks lan ngalonake aktvitas enzim ing lintasa sintesis estrogen.
Nalika ngalami katabolisme, estrogen bakal mbentuk pira-pira senyawa intermediat kang disebut estrogen-katekol lewati 2 lintasan 2-hydroxylation karo enzim CYP1A1 lan 4-hydroxylation karo enzim CYP1B1,[4] kanggo dieliminasi kanti pira-pira proses kayata metilasi kanti enzim catechol-o-methyltransferase, hidroksilasi, oksidasi, detoksifikasi, sulfinasi kanti enzim sulfotransferase, lan glusuronidasi kanti enzim UGT. ing umumne senyawa estrogen-katekol duweni wektu paruh kang cendek amerga langsung termetilasi dadi 2-methoxyestradiol lan 4-methoxyestradiol. Senyawa estrogen-katekol isa duwen sifat tumorigenik utawa anti-tumorigenik, misale 4-hydroxyestradiol duweni sifat hormonal kanti ngaktivasi pencerap estrogen, lan nginduksi adenokarsinoma ing endometrium. Wondene 2-methyoxyestradiol duweni aktivitas antitumorigenik kanti ngalonake proliferasi lan angiogenesis ing sel tumor.
Cathetan sikil
- ↑ Fang H, Tong W, Shi L, Blair R, Perkins R, Branham W, Hass B, Xie Q, Dial S, Moland C, Sheehan D (2001). "Structure-activity relationships for a large diverse set of natural, synthetic, and environmental estrogens". Chem Res Toxicol. 14 (3): 280–94. PMID 11258977.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Masalah transklusi: {{En}} mung bisa kaanggo ing mandhala aran Barkas. Anggonen {{lang-en}} utawa {{en icon}} baé."Mechanisms of hormone carcinogenesis: evolution of views, role of mitochondria". Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Chen JQ, Brown TR, Yager JD.(Kaunduh 30/1/13)
- ↑ Masalah transklusi: {{En}} mung bisa kaanggo ing mandhala aran Barkas. Anggonen {{lang-en}} utawa {{en icon}} baé."UGT1A1 Genetic Polymorphisms, Endogenous Estrogen Exposure, Soy Food Intake, and Endometrial Cancer Risk". Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Sandra L. Deming, Wei Zheng, Wang-Hong Xu, Qiuyin Cai, Zhixian Ruan, Yong-Bing Xiang dan Xiao-Ou Shu.(Kaunduh 30/1/13)
- ↑ Masalah transklusi: {{En}} mung bisa kaanggo ing mandhala aran Barkas. Anggonen {{lang-en}} utawa {{en icon}} baé."Ovarian Cancer Risk and Polymorphisms Involved in Estrogen Catabolism". Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine; and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Sarah K. Holt, Mary Anne Rossing, Kathleen E. Malone, Stephen M. Schwartz, Noel S. Weiss and Chu Chen.(Kaunduh 30/1/13)