Éthiopia: Béda antara owahan
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
replaced: Pranala jaba → Pranala njaba |
c Bot: Panggantèn teks otomatis (-\bDelengen uga\b +Uga delengen) |
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== Pulitik == |
== Pulitik == |
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{{utama|Pulitik Etiopia}}<!--Please add new information into relevant articles of the series--> |
{{utama|Pulitik Etiopia}}<!--Please add new information into relevant articles of the series--> |
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:''Uga delengen: [[Panguwasa lan kepala nagara Etiopia]]'' |
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'''Politics of Ethiopia''' takes place in a framework of a [[federation|federal]] [[parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[republic]], whereby the [[Prime Minister of Ethiopia|Prime Minister]] is the [[head of government]]. [[Executive power]] is exercised by the government. Federal [[legislative power]] is vested in both the [[government]] and the two chambers of parliament. The [[Judiciary]] is more or less independent of the executive and the legislature. |
'''Politics of Ethiopia''' takes place in a framework of a [[federation|federal]] [[parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[republic]], whereby the [[Prime Minister of Ethiopia|Prime Minister]] is the [[head of government]]. [[Executive power]] is exercised by the government. Federal [[legislative power]] is vested in both the [[government]] and the two chambers of parliament. The [[Judiciary]] is more or less independent of the executive and the legislature. |
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== Ekonomi == |
== Ekonomi == |
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{{utama|Ekonomi Etiopia}} |
{{utama|Ekonomi Etiopia}} |
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:''Uga delengen: [[Bantuan asing kanggo Etiopia]] |
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In 1972 and 1973, more than 200,000 people died in the Wallo famine. The Emperor Haile Selassie tried to hide the famine but university students revealed the drought to the world.<ref>[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~tades20f/classweb/ethiopia/intro.htm Wallo Famine during Haile Sellasie reign]</ref> After the 1974 revolution, the economy of Ethiopia was run as [[Socialist economics|Command economy]]. Stronger state controls were implemented, and a large part of the economy was transferred to the public sector, including all agricultural land and urban rental property, and all financial institutions. The bad weather also continued to harm the agriculture sector. However since [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]] regime had bad relations with the West, the government hid the famine in the [[Tigray]] and [[Wallo]] regions causing the death of more than 250,000 Ethiopians. When the government finally allowed UN workers to witness the condition, one of the worst humanitarian crises of the decade was revealed. Together with a flawed relocation project and the Red Terror around 1,500,000 Ethiopians were killed under [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]].<ref>[http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/dictat.html Genocide of 1,500,000 Ethiopians during the DERG regime]</ref> Also six million people were affected by further famine before the EPRDF-led government overthrew the Derg regime.<ref>[http://www.aemfiethiopia.org/history.htm Six million people in famine under Mengistu]</ref> Since then, many economic reforms have been carried out. From mid-1991 onwards, the economy has evolved toward a decentralized, [[market economy|market-oriented economy]], emphasizing individual initiative, which was intended to reverse a decade of economic decline. In 1993, gradual privatization of business, industry, banking, agriculture, trade, and commerce was underway. |
In 1972 and 1973, more than 200,000 people died in the Wallo famine. The Emperor Haile Selassie tried to hide the famine but university students revealed the drought to the world.<ref>[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~tades20f/classweb/ethiopia/intro.htm Wallo Famine during Haile Sellasie reign]</ref> After the 1974 revolution, the economy of Ethiopia was run as [[Socialist economics|Command economy]]. Stronger state controls were implemented, and a large part of the economy was transferred to the public sector, including all agricultural land and urban rental property, and all financial institutions. The bad weather also continued to harm the agriculture sector. However since [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]] regime had bad relations with the West, the government hid the famine in the [[Tigray]] and [[Wallo]] regions causing the death of more than 250,000 Ethiopians. When the government finally allowed UN workers to witness the condition, one of the worst humanitarian crises of the decade was revealed. Together with a flawed relocation project and the Red Terror around 1,500,000 Ethiopians were killed under [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]].<ref>[http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/dictat.html Genocide of 1,500,000 Ethiopians during the DERG regime]</ref> Also six million people were affected by further famine before the EPRDF-led government overthrew the Derg regime.<ref>[http://www.aemfiethiopia.org/history.htm Six million people in famine under Mengistu]</ref> Since then, many economic reforms have been carried out. From mid-1991 onwards, the economy has evolved toward a decentralized, [[market economy|market-oriented economy]], emphasizing individual initiative, which was intended to reverse a decade of economic decline. In 1993, gradual privatization of business, industry, banking, agriculture, trade, and commerce was underway. |
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== Pendidikan == |
== Pendidikan == |
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{{utama|Pendidikan ing Etiopia}}:'' |
{{utama|Pendidikan ing Etiopia}}:''Uga delengen: [[Perguruan tinggi ing Ethiopia]]'' |
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Education in Ethiopia has been dominated by the Orthodox Church for many centuries until secular education was adopted in the early 1900s. The elites, mostly Christians and central ethnic Amhara population, had the most privilege until 1974 when the government tried to reach the rural areas. The current system follows very similar school expansion schemes to the rural areas as the previous 1980s system with an addition of deeper regionalisation giving rural education in their own [[languages]] starting at the elementary level and with more budget allocated to the Education Sector. The sequence of general education in Ethiopia is six years of primary school, four years of lower secondary school and two years of higher secondary school.<ref># Damtew Teferra and Philip. G. Altbach, eds., ''African Higher Education: An International Reference Handbook'' Indiana University Press, 2003), pp. 316-325</ref> |
Education in Ethiopia has been dominated by the Orthodox Church for many centuries until secular education was adopted in the early 1900s. The elites, mostly Christians and central ethnic Amhara population, had the most privilege until 1974 when the government tried to reach the rural areas. The current system follows very similar school expansion schemes to the rural areas as the previous 1980s system with an addition of deeper regionalisation giving rural education in their own [[languages]] starting at the elementary level and with more budget allocated to the Education Sector. The sequence of general education in Ethiopia is six years of primary school, four years of lower secondary school and two years of higher secondary school.<ref># Damtew Teferra and Philip. G. Altbach, eds., ''African Higher Education: An International Reference Handbook'' Indiana University Press, 2003), pp. 316-325</ref> |
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Recently, archeologists uncovered the ruins of the legendary ancient [[Islamic]] kingdom of [[Shoa]], that included evidence of a large urban settlement as well as a large mosque.<ref>Hailu, Tesfaye. (2000). ''History and Culture of the Argobba: Recent Investigations'', In: Annale D'Éthiopie, 16, pp. 195–206, ISBN 2-86877-154-8</ref> |
Recently, archeologists uncovered the ruins of the legendary ancient [[Islamic]] kingdom of [[Shoa]], that included evidence of a large urban settlement as well as a large mosque.<ref>Hailu, Tesfaye. (2000). ''History and Culture of the Argobba: Recent Investigations'', In: Annale D'Éthiopie, 16, pp. 195–206, ISBN 2-86877-154-8</ref> |
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== Uga delengen == |
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* [[Daftar Nagara]] |
* [[Daftar Nagara]] |
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* [[Daftar nagara miturut bawana]] |
* [[Daftar nagara miturut bawana]] |
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Révisi kala 16 Juni 2017 12.01
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| Motto: — | |||||
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| Basa resmi | Basa Amhara | ||||
| Kutha krajan | Addis Ababa | ||||
| Presiden | Mulatu Teshome Wirtu | ||||
| Perdana Mentri | Haile Mariam Desalegn | ||||
| Wewengkon - Total - % air |
Urutan ka-26 1.127.127 km² 0,7% | ||||
| Padunung -Total(2008) i -Kepadatan |
Urutan ka-16 80.000.000 60,0/km² | ||||
| Kamardikan | Desember 1944 (saka Britania Raya) [1] | ||||
| Mata uang | Birr (ETB) | ||||
| Pendapatan Per Kapita | $1122,93 | ||||
| Zona wektu | UTC +3 | ||||
| Lagu kabangsan | Whedefit Gesgeshi Woude Henate Éteopiah (Maju mangarep, Bundha Éteopiah) | ||||
| TLD | .et | ||||
| Kode telepon | 251 | ||||
Républik Dhémokratik Federal Éteopiah (Ityop'iya, basa Amhara ኢትዮጵያ) iku nagara kang dumunung ing Afrika.
Éteopiah ndarbèni sajarah kang paling jangkep minangka nagara mardika ing bawana kasebut. Minangka nagara paling tuwa ing donya, kawasan Éteopiah uga minangka salah siji panggonan peradaban kang paling wiwitan ing donya. Pamaréntahan Éteopiah pisanan diwangun udakara taun 980 SM lan nampa agama Kristen ing abad ka-4 M. Nagara iki cukup unik yèn dibandingaké karo nagara-nagara Afrika liyané amarga ora naté dijajah wektu jamané Parebutan Afrika, lan terus mardika nganti taun 1936, nalika pasukan Italia nguwasani nagara mau. Pasukan-pasukan Britania Raya lan Éteopiah ngalahaké tentara Italia taun 1941, lan Éteopiah ngéntukaké kadhaulatané manèh sawisé nanda tangani Prajanjèn Britania-Éteopiah ing Desember 1944. Éteopiah biyèn naté dijenengké Abisinia.
Wektu iki, Éteopiah minangka nagara awangun républik lan mèlu aktif jroning aktivitas-aktivitas kerjasama internasional. Prajané, Addis Ababa minangka pusat administrasi Uni Afrikah (AU).
Éteopiah isih nganggo kalendher Julian saéngga nagara iki arep mbuka rangkaian perayaan nyambut milenium katelu adhedhasar penanggalan kalendher kasebut. Nagara ing Sungu Afrikah iki migunakakén kalender Julian kang kèri watara 7 tahun dibandingaké karo kalendher Gregorian kang luwih umum dipigunakaké ing donya[1].
Jeneng
Jeneng "Éteopiah" jaré asal saka "Ityopp'is", ya iku jeneng anak putu Ham, pambangun kutha Aksum. Jeneng lawas "Abbesinia" asal saka klompok suku Habesha, ya iku kaum kang manggoni kawasan Éteopiah wiwit taun 3000 SM.
Sajarah
Pulitik
- Uga delengen: Panguwasa lan kepala nagara Etiopia
Geografi
Panebangan alas
Kawasan, zona, lan dhistrik
Sangang laladan (region) lan loro kutha (chartered) ya iku:
Ekonomi
- Uga delengen: Bantuan asing kanggo Etiopia
Demografi
Kasehatan
Pendidikan
- :Uga delengen: Perguruan tinggi ing Ethiopia
Budaya
Ulah raga
Arkéologi
Uga delengen
- Daftar Nagara
- Daftar nagara miturut bawana
- Daftar nagara miturut amba wewengkon
- Daftar lagu kabangsan
Referensi
Pranala njaba
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Andharan saka Wikibausastra |
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Médhia saka Commons |
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Warta saka Wikinews |
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Cuplikan saka Wikiquote |
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Tèks saka Wikisource |
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Buku tèks saka Wikibooks |
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Matèri sinau saka Wikiversity |
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Wikiwarta duwé warta sing gegayutan: Category:Ethiopia |
Gambaran Umum
- Rural poverty in Éteopiah (IFAD)
- Fighting Hunger and poverty in Éteopiah (Peter Middlebrook)
- Éteopiah - Foto
Pendhidhikan
Turisme
Wikiplesir duwé panuntun plesir ngenani Ethiopia. Pamaréntah
Independen
Artikel iki minangka artikel rintisan. Kowé bisa ngéwangi Wikipédia ngembangaké.
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