Tetuwuhan: Béda antara owahan
Removing "Diversity_of_plants_image_version_3.png", it has been deleted from Commons by Jcb because: per c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Sunflowers.jpg. |
Tanpa ringkesan besutan |
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Larik 7: | Larik 7: | ||
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| domain = [[Eukaryota]] |
| domain = [[Eukaryota]] |
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| unranked_regnum = [[Archaeplastida]] |
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| regnum = '''Plantae''' |
| regnum = '''Plantae''' |
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| regnum_authority = [[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]], 1866<ref>{{cite book | author = Haeckel G | year = 1866 | title = Generale Morphologie der Organismen | publisher = Verlag von Georg Reimer | location = Berlin | pages = vol.1: i–xxxii, 1–574, pls I–II; vol. 2: i–clx, 1–462, pls I–VIII}}</ref> |
| regnum_authority = [[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]], 1866<ref>{{cite book | author = Haeckel G | year = 1866 | title = Generale Morphologie der Organismen | publisher = Verlag von Georg Reimer | location = Berlin | pages = vol.1: i–xxxii, 1–574, pls I–II; vol. 2: i–clx, 1–462, pls I–VIII}}</ref> |
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Larik 167: | Larik 167: | ||
* [[Tetanduran jamu lan bumbu]] |
* [[Tetanduran jamu lan bumbu]] |
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== Referensi == |
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{{reflist}} |
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==Pranala njaba== |
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{{Sister project links|Plants|wikt=Category:Plants|b=Category:Botany|q=Plants|s=Category:Botany|commons=Category:Plantae|n=no|v=Category:Plant sciences|species=Plantae}} |
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{{Wikibooks|Dichotomous Key|Plantae}} |
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* {{cite journal|author=Jones, T. M., Reid, C. S., Urbatsch, L. E|title=Visual study of divisional Plantae|url=http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/}} (requires [[Microsoft Silverlight]]) |
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* {{EOL}} |
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* {{cite journal|author=Chaw, S.-M.|url=http://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf|title=Molecular Phylogeny of Extant Gymnosperms and Seed Plant Evolution: Analysis of Nuclear 18s rRNA Sequences|journal=Molec. Biol. Evol.|volume=14|issue=1|pages=56–68|year=1997 |pmid=9000754|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025702|display-authors=etal}} |
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* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/INA.html Index Nominum Algarum] |
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* [http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/phylogeny/cronq88.html Interactive Cronquist classification] |
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* [http://www.prota.org/uk/About+Prota/ Plant Resources of Tropical Africa] |
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* [http://tolweb.org/Green_plants Tree of Life] |
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;Database botani lan vegetasi |
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* [http://www.aluka.org/action/doBrowse?sa=1&sa_sel= African Plants Initiative database] |
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* [http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/databases/ Australia] |
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* [http://www.chilebosque.cl/ Chilean plants at ''Chilebosque''] |
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* [http://www.efloras.org/index.aspx e-Floras (Flora of China, Flora of North America and others)] |
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* [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/FE/fe.html Flora Europaea] |
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* [http://www.floraweb.de/ Flora of Central Europe] {{de icon}} |
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* [http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 Flora of North America] |
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* [http://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/botanical_name/list_of_japanese_wild_plants_abelia_buxus.htm List of Japanese Wild Plants Online] |
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* [http://www.ntbg.org/plants/choose_a_plant.php Meet the Plants-National Tropical Botanical Garden] |
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* [http://www.wildflower.org/ Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Native Plant Information Network at University of Texas, Austin] |
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* [http://www.theplantlist.org/ The Plant List] |
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* [http://plants.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture] not limited to continental US species |
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{{Botani}} |
{{Botani}} |
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Larik 176: | Larik 199: | ||
{{Alam}} |
{{Alam}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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Balik menyang: [[Kaca Utama]] |
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[[Kategori:Biologi]] |
[[Kategori:Biologi]] |
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[[Kategori:Flora & Fauna]] |
[[Kategori:Flora & Fauna]] |
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[[Kategori:Tetanduran]] |
[[Kategori:Tetanduran| ]] |
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{{biologi-stub}} |
{{biologi-stub}} |
Révisi kala 10 Oktober 2016 02.36
Tetanduran Kalamangsa: 520 Ma Kambrium tekan saiki, nanging pirsani teks | |
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Klasifikasi ngèlmiah | |
Dhomain: | Eukaryota |
Unranked: | Archaeplastida |
Karajan: | Plantae Haeckel, 1866[1] |
Divisi | |
Tetanduran dharat (Embryophyta)
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Tetanduran iku ing èlmu Biologi maknané organisme sing kagolong Regnum Plantae, ing antarané: kabèh tetanduran mawa pembuluh, sing semu lan sing sejati (lumut ati, lumut, paku-pakuan uga tetanduran wewiji). Ing vèrsi taksonomi tetanduran tinentu, alga ijo uga klebu ing karajan (regnum) iki. Tetanduran iku jinis organisme autotrof sing manfaataké klorofil kanggo komponèn pangowah ènèrgi foton saka cahya srengéngé dadi ènèrgi kimiawi sing wujudé gula. Prosès pangalihan iki diarani prosès fotosintesis. Amarga sifaté sing autotrof, tetanduran iku ana ing posisi angka siji ing ranté aliran ènèrgi liwat organisme urip (ranté panganan). Amarga werna ijo dominan banget ing anggota karajan iki, mula jeneng liya sing dianggo ya iku Viridiplantae ("tetanduran ijo"). Jeneng liyané ya iku Metaphyta.
Klasifikasi tetanduran mangsa kapungkur nglebokaké uga kabèh jinis alga lan fungi (kalebu jamur lendhir) minangka anggotané. Kritik-kritik sing muncul sabanjuré agawé fungi dipisahaké saka tetanduran. Senadyan stasioner, fungi asipat saprotrof, antuk ènèrgi saka sisa-sisa bahan organik. Saliyané iku, dhindhing sèl fungi ora kasusun saka bahan sing padha karo tetanduran lan malahan mèmper kéwan. Sebagéan gedhé alga banjur wiwit dipisahaké saka kaanggotaan tetanduran amarga ora nduwèni diferensiasi jaringan lan ora ngembangaké klorofil minangka pigmen panangkap ènèrgi.
Panggunaan tèknik-tèknik biologi molekuler marang filogeni tetanduran pranyata mènèhi dhukungan pamisahan iki.
Dhéfinisi
Nalika sawijining tetanduran dikarepaké minangka grup organisme tinamtu utawa taxon, biasané ngarujuk marang salah siji konsèp. Panglompokané ya iku:
Jeneng | Lingkup | Katrangan |
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Tetanduran dharat, uga ditepungi minangka Embryophyta utawa Metaphyta. | Plantae sensu strictissimo | Klompok iki kalebu liverworts, hornworts, mosses, lan vascular plant, lan uga fossil plants sing mèmper karo klompok iki. |
Green plants – uga ditepungi minangka Viridiplantae, Viridiphyta utawa Chlorobionta | Plantae sensu stricto | Klompok iki kalebu tetanduran dharat plus manéka klompok alga ijo, kalebu stonewort. |
Archaeplastida, Plastida utawa Primoplantae | Plantae sensu lato | Kompok iki kalebu tetanduran ijo ig dhuwur plus Rhodophyta (alga abang) lan Glaucophyta (alga glaucophyte). |
Cara liya ya iku liwat sawijiningcladogram, sing nuduhaké hubungan evolusionèr. Sajarah évolusi tetanduran durung ditata sacara pepak, nanging salah siji sing wis ditampa ya iku.[2] Those which have been called "plants" are in bold.
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groups traditionally called "algae" |
Ragam
Watara 350,000 spesies saka tetanduran sing ana wektu iki. Taun 2004, watara 287,655 spesies wis ditepungi, ing antarané 258,650 ya iku awujud tetanduran ngembang, 16,000 bryophyta, 11,000 pakis lan 8,000 alga ijo.
Klompok informal | Jeneng divisi | Jeneng umum | Cacahing spesies |
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Ganggang ijo | Chlorophyta | ganggang ijo (chlorophyta) | 3,800 [3] |
Charophyta | ganggang ijo (desmids & charophytes) | 4,000 - 6,000 [4] | |
Bryophyta | Marchantiophyta | liverworts | 6,000 - 8,000 [5] |
Anthocerotophyta | hornworts | 100 - 200 [6] | |
Bryophyta | mosses | 12,000 [7] | |
Pteridophyta | Lycopodiophyta | club mosses | 1,200 [8] |
Pteridophyta | ferns, whisk ferns & horsetails | 11,000 [8] | |
Tetanduran wewiji | Cycadophyta | cycads | 160 [9] |
Ginkgophyta | ginkgo | 1 [10] | |
Pinophyta | conifers | 630 [8] | |
Gnetophyta | gnetophytes | 70 [8] | |
Magnoliophyta | flowering plants | 258,650 [11] |
Pirsani uga
Referensi
- ↑ Haeckel G (1866). Generale Morphologie der Organismen. Berlin: Verlag von Georg Reimer. kc. vol.1: i–xxxii, 1–574, pls I–II, vol. 2: i–clx, 1–462, pls I–VIII.
- ↑ Miturut Rogozin, I.B.; Basu, M.K.; Csürös, M.; Koonin, E.V. (2009), "Analysis of Rare Genomic Changes Does Not Support the Unikont–Bikont Phylogeny and Suggests Cyanobacterial Symbiosis as the Point of Primary Radiation of Eukaryotes", Genome Biology and Evolution, 1: 99–113, doi:10.1093/gbe/evp011, PMC 2817406, PMID 20333181
{{citation}}
: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=
ignored (pitulung) and Becker, B.; Marin, B. (2009), "Streptophyte algae and the origin of embryophytes", Annals of Botany, 103 (7): 999–1004, doi:10.1093/aob/mcp044, PMID 19273476{{citation}}
: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=
ignored (pitulung); see also the slightly different cladogram in Lewis, Louise A.; McCourt, R.M. (2004), "Green algae and the origin of land plants", Am. J. Bot., 91 (10): 1535–1556, doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535{{citation}}
: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=
ignored (pitulung). - ↑ Van den Hoek, C., D. G. Mann, & H. M. Jahns, 1995. Algae: An Introduction to Phycology. pages 343, 350, 392, 413, 425, 439, & 448 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-30419-9
- ↑ Van den Hoek, C., D. G. Mann, & H. M. Jahns, 1995. Algae: An Introduction to Phycology. pages 457, 463, & 476. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-30419-9
- ↑ Crandall-Stotler, Barbara. & Stotler, Raymond E., 2000. "Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta". page 21 in A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds.), Bryophyte Biology. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-66097-1
- ↑ Schuster, Rudolf M., The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, volume VI, pages 712-713. (Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1992). ISBN 0-914868-21-7.
- ↑ Goffinet, Bernard (2004). "Systematics of the Bryophyta (Mosses): From molecules to a revised classification". Monographs in Systematic Botany. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 98: 205–239.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (pitulung) - ↑ a b c d Raven, Peter H., Ray F. Evert, & Susan E. Eichhorn, 2005. Biology of Plants, 7th edition. (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company). ISBN 0-7167-1007-2.
- ↑ Gifford, Ernest M. & Adriance S. Foster, 1988. Morphology and Evolution of Vascular Plants, 3rd edition, page 358. (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company). ISBN 0-7167-1946-0.
- ↑ Taylor, Thomas N. & Edith L. Taylor, 1993. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, page 636. (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall). ISBN 0-13-651589-4.
- ↑ International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:Summary Statistics
Pranala njaba
Andharan saka Wikibausastra | |
Médhia saka Commons | |
Cuplikan saka Wikiquote | |
Tèks saka Wikisource | |
Buku tèks saka Wikibooks | |
Matèri sinau saka Wikiversity | |
Taksonomi saka Wikispecies |
- Jones, T. M., Reid, C. S., Urbatsch, L. E. "Visual study of divisional Plantae".
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(pitulung)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (requires Microsoft Silverlight) - Tetuwuhan ing Encyclopedia of Life
- Chaw, S.-M.; et al. (1997). "Molecular Phylogeny of Extant Gymnosperms and Seed Plant Evolution: Analysis of Nuclear 18s rRNA Sequences" (PDF). Molec. Biol. Evol. 14 (1): 56–68. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025702. PMID 9000754.
- Index Nominum Algarum
- Interactive Cronquist classification
- Plant Resources of Tropical Africa
- Tree of Life
- Database botani lan vegetasi
- African Plants Initiative database
- Australia
- Chilean plants at Chilebosque
- e-Floras (Flora of China, Flora of North America and others)
- Flora Europaea
- Flora of Central Europe (ing basa Basa Jerman)
- Flora of North America
- List of Japanese Wild Plants Online
- Meet the Plants-National Tropical Botanical Garden
- Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Native Plant Information Network at University of Texas, Austin
- The Plant List
- United States Department of Agriculture not limited to continental US species
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