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Kutha Hamad

Saka Wikipédia Jawa, bauwarna mardika basa Jawa
Hamad City
مدينة حمد السكنية
Neighbourhood of Khan Yunis
Hamad in August 2024 during evacuations
Hamad in August 2024 during evacuations
Peparab:
  • Hamad
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Palestine grid83/83
CountryPalestine
GovernorateKhan Yunis Governorate
CityKhan Yunis
Opened2016
DiyasaHamad bin Khalifa Al Thani
Pamaréntahan
 • BodyMinistry of Public Work and Housing
Laladan
 • GunggungCithakan:Infobox settlement/dunam
Demonym(s)Palestinians
Zona wektuEET (UTC+2)
 • Usum panas (DST)+3 (UTC)

Kutha Hamad utawa Kutha Hamad ( Arabic  ; lit. ' ) yaiku sawijining kompleks apartemen ing lingkungan sisih lor-kulon Khan Yunis, Jalur Gaza, Palestina . Dijenengi miturut jeneng dermawane, Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani saka Qatar, kompleks iki dibayangake minangka solusi perumahan kanggo kulawarga Palestina kanthi penghasilan menengah nganti ngisor. Ing taun 2024, Kutha Hamad dadi papan perang ing perang Gaza . Akeh bangunan ing kompleks kasebut rusak amarga perang kasebut.

Latar mburi

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Salah sawijining akibat saka konflik dawa Jalur Gaza karo Israel yaiku krisis perumahan sing terus-terusan. Akibate perang Palestina taun 1948, akeh saka 700.000 wong Palestina sing mlayu utawa diusir saka omahe teka ing Jalur Gaza minangka pengungsi . Sawise Hamas munggah pangkat ing taun 2007, blokade Jalur Gaza sing ditindakake Israel mbatesi impor bahan bangunan. [1] Operasi militer ing taun 2009 lan 2012 ndadekake 70.000 unit omah ora bisa dienggoni. [1] Saliyane tantangan kasebut, Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa nemokake manawa kapadhetan penduduk ing taun 2020 yaiku 5,800 per square kilometre (15,000 per square mile), [1] kanthi tingkat kelahiran tahunan 60.000. [1] Minangka proyek perumahan Jalur Gaza skala paling gedhe sing digagas sawise konflik kasebut, Kutha Hamad sebagian sukses ngatasi kekurangan perumahan iki nalika nambah ewonan lapangan kerja kanggo ekonomi lokal. [1] [1] Nanging, pungkasane gagal ing misi utama kanggo nyedhiyakake omah sing terjangkau kanggo penduduk Jalur Gaza sing kesusahan. [1]

Sajarah

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Wilayah kompleks kasebut minangka lokasi bekas pemukiman Israel Katif lan Netzer Hazani . [2] Pemukiman kasebut ditinggal ing taun 2005, bebarengan karo kabeh blok pemukiman Gush Katif, minangka akibat saka pemisahan Israel saka Gaza . [3] [4] Tanah kasebut banjur dadi milik administras Inisiatif kanggo nggawe Kutha Hamad iki minangka akibat langsung saka kunjungan Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir Qatar, menyang Jalur Gaza ing taun 2012. [2] Kunjungan kasebut, sing pertama dening kepala negara menyang Jalur Gaza wiwit pejuang Hamas ngrebut kendali ing taun 2007, dikutuk dening Israel minangka kayane menehi legitimasi marang organisasi teror . [2] Pamrentah Qatar lan Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum lan Perumahan Gaza (MPWH) njupuk tanggung jawab bebarengan kanggo ngatur proyek kasebut, [1] karo Komite Qatar kanggo Rekonstruksi Gaza sing dibentuk ing wektu iki. [1] Al Thani, sing mbayangake proyek kasebut minangka solusi perumahan kanggo wong Palestina berpenghasilan menengah nganti ngisor, [5] masang watu pondasi kanggo kompleks kasebut lan nyedhiyakake $150 yuta kanggo mbiayai konstruksine. [2] [6] Ide dheweke yaiku ngedol apartemen kanthi biaya, nalika uga nyedhiyakake rencana pembayaran sing gampang. [5] Sangang puluh persen saka rencana konstruksi digunakake maneh saka proyek sing padha ing Kutha Gaza . [1] Bahan konstruksi meh ora bisa diimpor amarga blokade Jalur Gaza, mula wong Qatar ngupaya nggawa bahan kasebut liwat tapel wa\tes karo Mesir . [2] Nanging, ing taun 2013, owah-owahan kepemimpinan Mesir nyebabake watesan sing ketat ing Perlintasan Perbatasan Rafah lan tindakan keras marang terowongan penyelundupan sing digunakake kanggo ngimpor bahan menyang Gaza, sing ngalangi konstruksi kanthi signifikan. [1] Kutha Hamad diresmikake ing taun 2016, kanthi sewu unit pertama dialokasikan kanggo kulawarga sing kelangan omah amarga Perang Gaza 2014. [6] [a] Sawise penundaan sing nglibatake sengketa tanah karo suku Badui lokal, [1] ing Februari 2017 Ismail Haniyeh — wakil ketua Biro Politik Hamas — ngaturake pidato ing upacara peresmian fase kapindho proyek kasebut, nalika dheweke ngumumake tambahan 1.060 apartemen. [9] Fase katelu, sing bakal nyakup 800,120 square metres (0.30893 sq mi) lan kalebu papan dolanan lan papan parkir mobil, isih ana ing tahap perencanaan. Telung dalan utama sing cedhak karo kompleks kasebut wis didandani lan dikembangake. [1]i Otoritas Palestina . [10]


Perang Israel-Gaza

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Wong-wong sing ngungsi saka Hamad ing wulan Agustus 2024

Tanggal 2 Desember 2023, sawise mandheg perang sajrone seminggu ing perang Gaza, Pasukan Pertahanan Israel (IDF) wiwit ngebom target ing Khan Yunis, kalebu ing Kutha Hamad. [11] IAF nglakokake limang serangan udara ing kompleks kasebut sajrone rong menit. [6] Bom-bom nggebug siji bangunan sawise liyane, sebagian gedhe ngrusak bangunan kasebut. [6] Warga dielingake supaya ninggalake wilayah kasebut liwat selebaran sadurunge serangan diwiwiti. [12]

Tanggal 3 Maret 2024, sawise nglakokake serangkaian serangan ing Deir al-Balah sing cedhak, IDF wiwit ngepung Kutha Hamad . Ing wektu iki, lingkungan kasebut dadi papan perlindungan kanggo ewonan pengungsi tambahan sing wis ngungsi amarga operasi IDF ing Gaza sisih lor. [13] IDF nggawe pos pemeriksaan ing lingkungan kasebut lan ngarahake warga supaya ngungsi menyang Al-Mawasi utawa Deir al-Balah. [14] Total sèket target ing distrik kasebut lan ing tetanggan al-Qarara kena serangan udara lan artileri sajrone nem menit. [15] Sajrone sewelas dina perang sing kedadeyan, unit pengintai khusus Egoz, Maglan, Shayetet 13 lan Givati kanthi metodis ngliwati sisa-sisa bangunan ing kompleks kasebut, ngresiki lantai demi lantai. [16] Ing salah sawijining bangunan, para prajurit nemokake senjata sing diwetokake dening tentara Kolonel Yonatan Steinberg, bebarengan karo barang-barang pribadi wong Israel sing diculik ing awal perang. [16] [17] Para komandan IDF sing nglawan para pejuang elit Nukhba ing lingkungan kasebut ngumumake yen iku minangka zona perang paling angel ing perang kasebut. [16] Kutha Hamad dadi reruntuhan amarga operasi IDF ing kana. [18] Warga kompleks kasebut sing bali menyang kana ing wulan April kanggo pindhah maneh menyang omahe sing rusak parah nerangake yen "iku luwih apik tinimbang tenda ... Kita ora duwe kutha maneh, mung reruntuhan. Ora ana sing isih ana ... Ora ana tembok utawa jendela. Umume menara diledakake kabeh." [19]

Katrangan

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Kutha Hamad dumunung ing sisih lor-kulon Khan Yunis, jejer karo Deir al-Balah. [13] Iki dumadi saka telung ewu apartemen sing dipérang dadi sèket telu blok apartemen warna pasir. [5] [20] Saben bangunan dumadi saka lantai dasar lan limang lantai ing ndhuwuré, kanthi papat apartemen ing saben lantai. [1] Apartemen kasebut ana telung ukuran: 100 square metres (1,100 sq ft) , 115 square metres (1,240 sq ft) lan 130 square metres (1,400 sq ft) . Sanajan kompleks kasebut nduweni sekolah dhewe, masjid, toko, lan area taman, [6] [9] sawetara warga nyathet kekurangan klinik kesehatan, pasar panganan, lan kantor polisi. Pelapor liyane nyebutake sistem listrik sing kurang standar lan lawang lan jubin sing berkualitas ala, uga saluran pembuangan. Sawetara warga nglaporake ora kenal karo fasilitas modern kaya kompor lan mesin cuci. [1]

Syarat kelayakan

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Senajan kompleks iki wiwitane dimaksudake minangka solusi omah kanggo kulawarga Palestina kanthi penghasilan menengah nganti ngisor sing kena pengaruh tunawisma, ana pernyataan sing digawe suwe-suwe yen pelamar sing nuduhake kemampuan kanggo mbayar omah diwenehi akses istimewa dening MPWH. [1] Kompleks iki, sing wis diterangake minangka "mewah" [21] "bergengsi" [6] lan "makmur", [16] mung duwe sèket unit sing dialokasikan kanggo wong-wong sing pancen ora mampu. [1] MPWH mbutuhake pelamar kanggo mbayar awal $ 10, banjur bisa nggawe uang muka $ 1.000, bebarengan karo cicilan saben wulan $ 170. Wawancara pribadi lan pamriksan latar mburi dibutuhake, kanthi siji penjamin dibutuhake kanggo karyawan pemerintah lan loro kanggo pelamar sing kerja mandiri. Biaya rata-rata apartemen yaiku $ 40.000 [1] kanthi pembayaran kudu ditindakake liwat Bank Komersial utawa Bank Nasional Islam sing dikontrol Hamas. [1] Pembayaran awis kanthi lengkap bakal nyuda biaya dadi $ 32.000. [1] Katon luwih disenengi aktivis partai lan pejabat pemerintah. [1] Kelompok profesional kayata guru, insinyur, lan kulawarga lan kanca-kancane katon padha kumpul ing sekitar bangunan tartamtu. Salah sawijining warga sing religius kasil meksa tangga teparone sing kurang teliti kanggo mbusak bangku beton saka area kebon amarga dheweke kepengin ningkatake segregasi gender ing antarane para mudha ing kompleks kasebut. [1] Sanajan pangarep-arep awal yen apartemen kudu diwenehake langsung marang kulawarga sing omahe rusak ora nate kelakon, sawise kahanan politik lan ekonomi saya parah, MPWH setuju kanggo nyuda pembayaran saben wulan dadi $ 130, lan nundha pembayaran sajrone rong taun. [1]

  1. ↑ It is estimated that some 200,000 housing units were totally or partially destroyed as a result of the 2014 Gaza War alone;[7] in a study concluded in January 2015, MPWH determined that 11,000 housing units in the Gaza Strip had been completely destroyed, 6,800 suffered severe damage, 5,700 had major damage, and 147,000 had minor damage; of those, 17,800 were classified as uninhabitable.[8]

Referensi

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Elkahlout 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Fisher, Gabe (23 October 2012). "Qatari Ruler Uses Historic Gaza Visit to Call On Palestinian Factions to Unite". The Times of Israel. Dibukak ing 22 May 2024.
  3. ↑ Arfa, Orit (23 July 2015). "10 Years Since Losing Their Home - And Almost Their Religion". The Jerusalem Post. Dibukak ing 22 May 2024.
  4. ↑ "Israel's Disengagement from Gaza (2005) | Withdrawal, Map, & Hamas | Britannica". www.britannica.com (ing basa Inggris). Dibukak ing 22 May 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 Halabi, Einav (11 May 2023). "על שם האמיר: חיסול ב"עיר העניים" בעזה שנבנתה כמתנה מקטאר" [Named For the Emir: Targeted Killing In Gaza's 'City of the Poor' Built As Gift From Qatar]. Ynet (ing basa Ibrani). Dibukak ing 22 May 2024. The population that lives in the complex is considered to be relatively young and not involved in terrorist activities. Masalah sitiran: Tenger <ref> ora trep; jeneng "Named" diwedharaké ping bola-bali déné isiné béda
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Israeli Strike Destroys Prestige Qatar-funded Gaza Complex". France 24. 2 December 2023. Dibukak ing 21 May 2024. Masalah sitiran: Tenger <ref> ora trep; jeneng "Strike" diwedharaké ping bola-bali déné isiné béda
  7. ↑ Elkahlout 2020, kc. 317.
  8. ↑ Elkahlout 2020, kc. 320.
  9. 1 2 Osmo, Liad; Levy, Elior (11 February 2017). "Qatari-funded Gaza Neighborhood Advances". Ynet (ing basa Inggris). Dibukak ing 28 May 2024. Masalah sitiran: Tenger <ref> ora trep; jeneng "Gift" diwedharaké ping bola-bali déné isiné béda
  10. ↑ "Timeline of Conflict Between Israel and Palestinians in Gaza". Reuters. 7 October 2023. Dibukak ing 24 May 2024.
  11. ↑ Shurafa, Wafaa; Mroue, Bassem; Frankel, Julia (1 December 2023). "Israeli Airstrikes Hit Gaza After Truce Ends, Sirens Warning of Hamas Rockets Heard". PBS. Deir al-Balah. Associated Press. Dibukak ing 21 May 2024.
  12. ↑ El-Bursh, Adnan; Gribben, Paul (2 December 2023). "In Pictures: Development Near Southern City Hit By Israeli Strikes". BBC. Dibukak ing 21 May 2024.
  13. 1 2 "צה"ל מכתר את 'מדינת חמד' בצפון מערב חאן יונס" [IDF Encircles 'Madinat Hamad' in Northwest Khan Yunis]. Srugim (ing basa Ibrani). 3 March 2024. Dibukak ing 23 May 2024. Masalah sitiran: Tenger <ref> ora trep; jeneng "Encircles" diwedharaké ping bola-bali déné isiné béda
  14. ↑ "Iran Update, March 3, 2024". Critical Threats. Dibukak ing 23 May 2024.
  15. ↑ Varshalomidze, Tamila (3 March 2024). "Residents Trapped in Khan Younis's Hamad City and al-Qarara Appeal For Evacuation". Al Jazeera. Dibukak ing 21 May 2024.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Greenwood, Hanan (13 March 2024). "Where Terrorists Hide In Luxury Homes: A Visit To the Qatari-built Hamas Stronghold". Israel Hayom. Dibukak ing 23 May 2024. Masalah sitiran: Tenger <ref> ora trep; jeneng "Terrorists" diwedharaké ping bola-bali déné isiné béda
  17. ↑ Toledano, Elhanan (10 March 2024). "בלב השכונה היוקרתית בחאן יונס: אותר הנשק של אל"ם יהונתן שטיינברג הי"ד" [In the Heart of Khan Yunis' Luxury Neighbourhood: Colonel Yonatan Steinberg's Weapon Was Found]. jdn.co.il (ing basa Ibrani). Dibukak ing 23 May 2024. The weapon of the Nahal Brigade commander who was killed at the beginning of the war, Colonel Yonatan Steinberg, was found in recent days by the commando brigade in 'Hamad City' in Khan Yunis. Along with the weapon of the senior officer, the fighters located effects of Israeli abductees.
  18. ↑ Bohbot, Amir (24 March 2024). "How the IDF Dismantled Gaza's Qatari-funded Terror Neighborhood". The Jerusalem Post. Dibukak ing 30 June 2024. Hamas senior officials and their families moved into this new and opulent neighborhood, which then turned into ruins after the IDF entered as part of the ground operation to dismantle Hamas terror infrastructure in the area.
  19. ↑ "Khan Younis 'Smells Like Death' as Palestinians Return to Devastated Homes". Al Jazeera. 8 April 2024. Dibukak ing 27 May 2024.
  20. ↑ Lipkin, Sapir (2 December 2023). "תקיפות אינטנסיביות בח'אן יונס, חוסל מפקד גדוד שג'אעייה" [Intense Attacks in Khan Yunis, Shuja'iyya Battalion Commander Killed]. Keshet 12 (ing basa Ibrani). Dibukak ing 23 May 2024. The project includes more than fifty buildings with a height of five storeys each, including about three thousand housing units.
  21. ↑ "פעולה לילית משמעותית: צה"ל הפציץ בשכונת יוקרה בה גרים בכירי חמאס" [Significant Night Operation: IDF Bombs Luxury Neighborhood Where Senior Hamas Officials Live]. Maariv (ing basa Ibrani). 3 March 2024. Dibukak ing 22 May 2024.

Sumber

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Pranala njaba

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Cithakan:Khan Yunis Governorate

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