Wayang kulit

Pagelaran wayang kulit dimainaké dhalang kondhang ing Indonesia, Ki Manteb Sudharsono. Lakoné Gathotkaca Winisuda.

Wayang Kulit iku sajinising pagelaran wayang sing nrapaké bonékah-bonékah saka kulit. Jinis wayang iki kang paling disenengi ing Tanah Jawa. Wayang iki digawe seka kulit kang ditatah lan dientha kaya déné manungsa. Umumé wayang kulit nggunaake lakon Wayang Purwa, nanging ana uga kang nganggo Crita Menak lan Babad Tanah Jawa, crita agama (Kristen, Buddha), perjuwangan, lan maneka warna crita liyané.

Wayang kulit dimainké ing layar putih kang sinebut kelir. Dene wayang-wayang kuwi ditancepaké ing debog lan ana ing sisih tengen lan kiwa dhalang. Gamelan kang ana ing sisih mburi ngiringi pagelaran iki. Pagelaran wayang wis diakoni déning UNESCO ing tanggal 7 November 2003, dadi karya kabudayan kang édi péni ing babagan crita dongéng lan warisan sing berharga banget (Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity). Suwaliké, UNESCO nyuwun supaya Indonesia njaga (preserve) warisan kuwi.

Panyebaran

Wayang iki ora mung sumebar ing Jawa waé, nanging uga ing tlatah liya ing Nuswantara. Wayang kulit sumebar ing tanah Jawa lan uga perangan Nusantara, nanging wayang iki luwih disenengi dening wong Jawa Tengah lan saperangan Jawa Wetan. Ing antarane panggonan siji lan liyane nduwe gagrag dhewe-dhewe, sing paling gedhe yaiku Gagrag Ngayogjakarta karo Gagrag Surakarta. Gagrag Banyumas lan Gagrag Pesisiran uga kondhang ing tlatahe dhewe.

Ing jaman saiki, pagelaran wayang antuk owah-owahan. Campursari lan dhagelan mlebu ing antarane pagelaran mau. Amarga wayang uga wis mlebu dadi acara televisi, suwene pagelaran kang asline sewengi sok dikurangi dadi sawetara jam thok.

wayang kulit uga asring sinebut wayang purwa. sumber caritane yaiku saka kitab Mahabarata lan Ramayana kang ditulis dening mpu sedah,mpu panuluh, lan mpu kanwa.

Uba Rampe

Cempala	:	thuthukan dhalang kanggo ngiringi antawacana lan omongan ing lakon.
Kelir	:	layar putih kang dibeber kanggo mainke wayang.
Blencong	:	Senthir kanggo gawe wewayangan, ing jaman saiki ana kalane senthir disulih nganggo petromax utawa lampu listrik.
Kepyak	:	digawe seka kuningan kanggo iringane dhalang.
Kothak	:	wadhah wayang lan kanggo dithuthuk Cempala
Gedebog/debog	:	kanggo tancepan wayang.
Gamelan	:	kanggo ngiringi pagelaran.

Simpingan

Akehe wayang ing kothak ora padha ing antarane dhalang siji lan liyane. Ana kang kurang seka 180, ana uga kang nganti 400 wayang. Wayang mau ana kang ditata ing pakeliran sisih tengen lan kiwa, ana uga kang ing njero kothak.

Simpingan Kiwa

Ing antarané kang ditata ana ing sisih kiwa yaiku:

Buta Brahala/Ditya Balasrewu Kumbakarna Tremboko Bathara Gana Nilarudraka Bathara Kala Karungkala Bagaspati Yudhakalakresna Kala Pracona Maesasura Lembusura Gajendramuka Niwatakawaca Prahasta Wisnungkara Jambumangli Pancatnyana Arimba Suratimantra Sekipu Getahbanjaran Prabakesa Wisnungkara Brajawikalpa Brajalamatan Yamadipati Rajamala Dasamuka Triwikrama/kurda Dasamuka Sumali Rahwana Bomantara Wesiaji/Watuaji Brajadentha Brajamusthi

Indrajid/Meganandha Bukbis/Pratalamaryam Trisirah Trinetra Trikaya Triweneh Trimurdha Dewantaka Dewantumut Narantaka Sagsadewa Kangsa Duryudana Kurupati Setija/Bomanaraksura Bogadenta Sambu Prabu Baladewa kanthi maneka wanda (versi) Gendara/Prabu Suwala Sugriwa Subali Bathara Indra Prabu Basudewa Matswapati Dhestharastra Dasarata Drupada Salya Bismaka Kencakarupa Rupakencaka Basudewa Nom Gardapati Seta Utara Wratsangka Bismaka Setyajid

Resi Bisma Ugrasena Singamulangjaya Setyaki Sanga-Sanga/Jayasanga Arya Prabu Rukma Wibisana Supala Suwanda Adipati Karna Dhresthajumena Denthawilukrama Nakula Sadewa Trigantalpati/Suman Kumbayana Narasoma Narayana Lesmanamandrakumara/Sarojakusuma Bathara Panyarikan Bathara Mahadewa Samba Setyaka Warsakusuma Rukmarata Wisanggeni Pinten Tangsen Denawa Bajang/Sukasrana Bayi Denawa

Simpingan Tengen

Kang ditata ing sisih tengen diwiwiti seka wayang Brahala/Dewa Amral/Dewa Mambang dipungkasi nganggo wayang bayen.

Brahala/Dewa Amral/Dewa Mambang Prabu Tuguwasesa/Jaya Pusaka/Renggani Sura (versi Yogyakarta/Ki Timbul) Bathara Bayu Bima/Werkudara Dhandunwacana Ramabarghawa Pulasiya Bratasena/Dwijasena/Wijasena Jagal Abilawa/Billawa Guru Putra Bathara Brama Gandamana Bathara Tantra Danaraja/Danapati Antareja Gathutkaca Suryakaca Abiyasa Kurda (marah) Jaya Sumpena Sasikirana Antasena Bathara Baruna Puthut Guritna Wisnu Kapiwara Anoman Resi Mayangkara Bathara Guru Bathara Wisnu Kresna Kresna Dipayana (Prabu Abiyasa) Narasinga Ramawijaya Mahapunggung Watugunung Arjunasasrabahu Kuncara Kresna Kuncara Kresna Nom

Sentanu Bathara Kamajaya Dasarata Kresna Dipayana Palasara Manumayasa Pandu Dewanata Kariti/Katili/Wilikiti Sekutrem Puntadewa Yudhistira Abiyasa Nom Dewabrata Arjuna Dananjaya Leksmana Widagda Suryatmaja/Suryaputra Permadi Ciptaning Wijakangka Yama Widura Abimanyu Parikesit Dewasrani Bathara Surya Bathara Kamajaya Sakri Sucitra Sumantri Wrehatnala Sanjaya Pancawala Priyambada Irawan Sumitra Sidapaksa Jaya Sampurna Bambangan (srambahan)

Bathara Narada Arimbi Yaksi Bathari Durga Anjani Jembawati Setyaboma Rukmini Dresanala Erawati Surtikanthi Banowati Gendari Kunthi Drupadi Madrim Trijatha Bathari Uma Bathari Supraba Bathari Wilutama Dewi Amba sakadhang Bathari Sri Sinta Sumbadra Srikandhi Larasati/Rarasati Utari Pregiwa Pregiwati Sumpaniwati Siti Sundari Titisari Sang Hyang Wenang Dewa Ruci Wayang Bayen/putran

Wayang Dhudahan

Wayang dhudahan yaiku wayang kang ora melu disimping nanging mung disimpen ana sajroning kotak. Biasane wayang dhudahan kuwi klebu wayang sing kerap dilakokake dening Ki Dhalang. Contone wayang dhudahan :

1. Dhudahan Kurawa

• Patih Sengkuni
• Pandhita Durna
• Burisrawa
• Dursasana
• Kartamarma
• Jayadrata
• Durmagati, Durgempa, Durmuka, lan sapiturute
• Aswatama
• Citraksa
• Citraksi

2. Dhudahan Pandhita lan Dewa

• Begawan Abiyasa
• Begawan Sempani/Sapwani
• Resi Wisrawa
• Begawan Wilwuk
• Nagaraja
• Anantaboga
• Badawangananala

3.Dhudahan Raseksa (buta) Prepat

• Cakil
• Bragalba
• Buta Rambut Geni
• Buta Terong

4. Dhudahan Panakawan

• Semar
• Gareng
• Petruk
• Bagong
• Togog /Catugora
• Bilung /Sarawita
• Cantrik

5. Dhudahan Keparak

• Keparak/Emban ayu kembar
• Ampil-ampil
• Limbuk
• Cangik

6. Dhudahan Prajurit

• Patih Udawa
• Druwajaya
• Pragota
• Prabawa
• Patih Tuhayata
• Patih Saragupita
• Patih Adimanggala
• Patih Sabrangan
• Ampyak/Prampogan
• Wisata lan Wilmuka
• Demang Sarapadha/Cekruktuna
• Wadyabala Buta Pringgodani (Kalabendana, lsp)
• Wadyabala Buta Ngalengka (Anggisrana,Yuyu Rumpung, Wil Kathaksini lsp)
• Wadyabala Buta Kajiman/Bajulbarat
• Wayang Setanan
• Prajurit Kethek Tambak

7. Dhudahan Wanara

• Anila
• Anggada
• Jembawan
• Trigangga/Triyangga
• Kapi Anggeni
• Kapi Indrajanu
• Kapi Suwida
• Kapi Pramujabahu
• Kapi Kingkin
• Kapi Warjita/Cacingkanil
• Kapi Janulen
• Kapi Menda
• Kapi Cucak Rawun
• Kapi Saraba

8. Dhudahan Sato Kewan

• Gajah(Liman/Dwipangga/Diradha/Matengga.)
• Banteng (Andhaka)
• Macam (Simo/Sardhula)
• Ula (Sarpa/Taksaka)
• Celeng (wraha)
• Garudha
• Kidhang
• Landhak
• Jaran (Kudha)

9. Dhudahan Pusaka

• Kreta Kencana
• Maneka warna gegaman (Gadha, keris, jemparing, lsp)

Para Dhalang

• Timbul Hadi Prayitna
• Hadisugito
• Manteb Sudarsono
• Anom Suroto
• Enthus Susmono
• Narto Sabdo
• Joko Edan

Delengen Uga

• Wayang
• Wayang Purwa

Wacan

• Brandon, James (1970) On Thrones of Gold - Three Javanese Shadow Plays. Harvard University Press
• Clara van Groenendael, Victoria (1985) The Dalang Behind the Wayang. Dordrecht, Foris
• Keeler, Ward (1987) Javanese Shadow Plays, Javanese Selves. Princeton University Press
• Keeler, Ward (1992) Javanese Shadow Puppets. OUP
• Long, Roger (1982) Javanese shadow theatre: Movement and characterization in Ngayogyakarta wayang kulit. Umi Research Press
• Mellema, R.L. (1988) Wayang Puppets: Carving, Colouring, Symbolism. Amsterdam, Royal Tropical Institute, Bulletin 315.
• Mudjanattistomo (1976) Pedhalangan Ngayogyakarta. Yogyakarta (basa Jawa)
• Soedarsono (1984) Wayang Wong. Yogyakarta, Gadjah Mada University Press

Pranala njaba

• Historical Development of Puppetry: Scenic Shades (includes informations about wayang beber, kulit, klitik and golek)
• Seleh Notes article on identifying Central Javanese wayang kulit
• Wayang Orang (wayang wong) traditional dance, from Indonesia Tourism
• Wayang Klitik: a permanent exhibit of Puppetry Arts Museum
• Wayang Golek Photo Gallery, includes description, history and photographs of individual puppets by Walter O. Koenig
• Wayang Kulit: The Art form of the Balinese Shadow Play by Lisa Gold
• Wayang Puppet Theatre on the Indonesian site of UNESCO
• The Wayang Golek Wooden Stick Puppets of Java, Indonesia (commercial site)
• An overview of the Shadow Puppets tradition (with many pictures) in a site to Discover Indonesia
• Wayang Kulit exhibition at the Museum of International Folk Art
• e-wayang : create and colorize e-wayang