Wangun pamaréntahan
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Wangun pamaréntahan
Pérangan saka Pulitik series
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Wangun pamaréntahan kuwi istilah kang ngrujuk marang tatanan institusi pulitik kanggo nata negara lan kakuwasan negara liwat pulitik masarakat.[1] Padhanané antara liya kalebu "tipe rezim" lan "sistem pamaréntahan". Dhéfinisi iki isih lumaku senadyan pamaréntahan ora kasil jroning ngetrapaké kakuwasané. Tanpa ndeleng kwalitasé, sawijining pamaréntah kang gagal kuwi uga isih dianggep sawining wangun pamaréntahan. Gréja, prusahaan, klub, lan èntitas sangisoré tataran nasional liyané uga duwé wangun "pamaréntahan", ananging jroning artikel iki mung organisasi negara kang didhiskusèkaké.
Wolulas negara ign donya ora nyebutaké kanthi cetha wangun negarané jroning jeneng resmi negara (jeneng resmi Jamaica, contoné, mung "Jamaica" waé), nanging liyané duwé jeneng resmi kang mratélakaké wangun pamaréntahan, utawa saora-orané wangun pamaréntahan kang diperjuangaké:
- Australia, Bahama, lan Dominica kuwi sacara resmi sawijining persemakmuran utawa commonwealth.
- Luksemburg kuwi awangun Grand duchy.
- Uni Èmirat Arab kuwi kumpulan negara Muslim, saben èmirat duwèni hak dhéwé-dhéwé
- Rusia, Swiss, lan Saint Kitts & Nevis kuwi federasi.
- Libia kuwi jamahiriya
- Ana 33 karajan ing donya, nanging 18 kang bener-bener karajan, déné 15 liyané dikenal minangka realms. Jordan kuwi sacara khusus sawijining Karajan Hashemite, lan Inggris lan Irlandia Lor isih nonjolaké sajarahé dhéwé-dhéwé lan nyawiji dadi United Kingdom.
- Andorra, Liechtenstein, lan Monako kuwi arupa prinsipalitas
- Republik kuwi wangun pamarétahan kang paling akèh dianggo, paling sethithik sacara resminé, yakuwi déning 132 negara. Akèh kang netepaké sacara luwih spésifik. Contoné, Mesir lan Suriah kuwi sacara spésifik Republik Arab, Guyana sacara spésifik arupa Republik Koperasi, lan Aljazair ngeklim minangka Republik Demokratik & Populèr.
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[sunting] Delengen uga
- Rezim Pulitik
- Pamaréntahan
- Civics
- Comparative government
- Negara miturut sistem pamaréntahan
- Daftar wangun pamaréntahan
[sunting] Referensi
- ↑ http://assets.cambridge.org/052184/3162/excerpt/0521843162_excerpt.pdf Kopstein and Lichbach, 2005
[sunting] Wacan
- Boix, Carles (2003). Democracy and Redistribution. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Bunce, Valerie. 2003. “Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist Experience.” World Politics 55(2):167-192.
- Colomer, Josep M. (2003). Political Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Dahl, Robert Polyarchy Yale University Press (1971
- Heritage, Andrew, Editor-in-Chief. 2000. World Desk Reference
- Lijphart, Arend (1977). Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Linz, Juan. 2000. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
- Linz, Juan, and Stepan, Alfred. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southernn Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
- Lichbach, Mark and Alan Zukerman, eds. 1997. Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
- Luebbert, Gregory M. 1987. “Social Foundations of Political Order in Interwar Europe,” World Politics 39, 4.
- Moore, Barrington, Jr. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Cambridge: Beacon Press, ch. 7-9.
- Comparative politics : interests, identities, and institutions in a changing global order/edited by Jeffrey Kopstein, Mark Lichbach, 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
- O’Donnell, Guillermo. 1970. Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism. Berkeley: University of California.
- O’Donnell, Guillermo, Schmitter, Philippe C., and Whitehead, Laurence, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: comparative Perspectives. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Przeworski, Adam. 1992. Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America, New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, Michael, Cheibub, Jose, and Limongi, Fernando. 2000. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well Being in the World, 1950-1990. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Shugart, Mathhew and John M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics, New York, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992.
- Taagepera, Rein and Matthew Shugart. 1989. Seats and votes: The effects and determinants of electoral systems, Yale Univ. Press.jimmy
