Adam Smith

Kanggo panggunan séjé mangga mirsani Adam Smith (disambiguasi)

Adam Smith
Adam Smith
Lair/Miyos	5 Juni 1723 Kirkcaldy, Skotlandia
Tilar donya/Séda	17 Juli 1790 Edinburgh, Skotlandia

John Adam Smith (5 Juni 1723 – 17 Juli 1790), yakuwi sawijining filsuf bangsa Skotlandia kang dadi pelopor ngèlmu ékonomi modèren. Karyané kang misuwur yakuwi buku An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (dicekak The Wealth of Nations) minangka buku pisanan kang nggambaraké sajarah perkembangan industri lan padagangan ing Eropa sarta dhasar-dhasar perkembangan perdagangan bebas lan kapitalisme. Adam Smith dadi salah sijiné pelopor sistem ekonomi Kapitalisme. Sistem ekonomi iki muncul abad 18 ing Eropa Kulon lan ing abad 19 wiwit misuwur ing kana.

Kemakmuran Negara (Wealth of Nations) lan kang luwih cilik pengaruhé Teori Moral Sentimen, uwis dadi titik awal kanggo mbela lan ngritik wangun kapitalisme, kang paling penting jroning tulisan Marx lan ekonomi. Amarga kapitalisme laissez-faire sering dihubungaké karo kaegoisan sing ora kakontrol, banjur ana gerakan anyar kang nekanaké filosofi moral Smith, yakuwi kanthi fokus simpati marang manungsa.

Ana uga kontroversi bab asli lan orané Kemakmuran Negara Smith; sawetara ana kang nyangkal yèn karya Smith mung awujud tambahan biasa marang karya pemikir kaya David Hume lan Baron de Montesquieu. Lan, akèh teori-teori Smith mung nggambaraké trend sajarah ngadoh saka mercantilisme, nuju menyang perdagangan-bebas, kang wus berkembang ana ing sawetara dekade, lan wis nduwèni pengaruh kang nyata jroning kebijakan pamaréntah. Senajan mengkono, buku iki ngorganisasèaké pemikiran-pemikiran sacara luas, lan tetep dadi sawijining buku kang paling berpengaruh lan penting jroning bidhang ekonomi nganti saiki.

Pirsani uga: Sejarah Pemikiran Ekonomi

Biografi

Adam Smith dikenal kanthi teori ekonomi '"laissez-faire" kang ngumumaké perkumpulan ing abad 18 Eropa. Smith percaya marang hak kanggo mengaruhi kemajuan ekonomi diri pribadi kanthi bebas, tanpa dikendalèkaké déning perkumpulan lan/utawa negara. Teori iki nganti tekan proto-industrialisasi ing Eropa, lan ngowahi mayoritas kawasan Eropa dadi daerah perdagangan bebas, mujudaké kemungkinan anané pengusaha. Smith uga dikenal minangka "Bapak Ekonomi".

Pendidikan

Nalika yuswa 13 taun, Smith sekolah ing Universitas Glasgow. Ing kana Smith sinau filosofi moral dibimbing dening "wong sing ora entuk dilalekake" (Smith marabi kaya mangkono) Francis Hutcheson. Ing kene, Smith ngremabakakake kepenginanane kang kuwat ing kabebasan, akal sehat, lan kebebasan berpendapat. Taun 1740 Smith entuk bebungah Snell exhibition banjur sekolah menyang Kampus Balliol, Oxford. Smith ninggalake universitas kuwi taun 1746. Ing buku kang kaping V saka The Wealth of Nations, Smith ngomentari babagan kurange instruksi kualitas lan aktivitas intelektual kang sithik cacahe yen dibandhingake karo Skotlandia. Komentare iku ditujukake marang wong-wong kang diwenehi bebungah kasugihan saka kampus-kampus Oxford lan Cambridge. Ing kana Smith golek dhukungan saka para profesor, ora adhedhasar kaprigelane kanggo golek murid. Kasunyatane, wong-wong kang menyaru minangka men of letters uripe bisa luwih ayem tentrem tinimbang menteri ing Church of England.

Karir ing Edinburgh lan Glasgow

Taun 1748 Smith miwiti kuliah umum ing Edinburgh kanthi bimbingan Lord Kames. Saperangan kuliahe nyinggung retorika lan belles-letters, nanging bakalane Smith bakal njupuk subyek saka "kemajuan dari kesejahteraan," lan bakale, ing tengah utawa pungkasane abad kaping 20, ing pisanan dheweke njelasake filosofi ekonomi saka "sistem kang cetha lan sederhana saka kabebasan alamiah".

Karya Besar

• The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759)
• An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)
• Essays on Philosophical Subjects (diterbitkan setelah 1795)
• Lectures on Jurisprudence (diterbitkan setelah 1976)

Uga Pirsani

• Liberalisme
• Daftar pemikir liberal
• Hukum Adam Smith
• Kapitalisme
• Anders Chydenius
• Lihat juga artikel Adam Smith: Pasar dan Individu

Bibliografi

• James Buchan. The Authentic Adam Smith: His Life and Ideas (2006)
• Stephen Copley and Kathryn Sutherland, eds. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations: New Interdisciplinary Essays (1995)
• F. Glahe, ed. Adam Smith and the Wealth of Nations: 1776-1976 (1977)
• Knud Haakonssen. The Cambridge Companion to Adam Smith (2006)
• Samuel Hollander. The Economics of Adam Smith (University of Toronto Press) (1973)
• Muller, Jerry Z. Adam Smith in his Time and Ours: Designing the Decent Society. Princeton Univ. Press (1995)
• Muller, Jerry Z. The Mind and the Market: Capitalism in Western Thought. Anchor Books (2002)
• Frederick Rosen, Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill (Routledge Studies in Ethics & Moral Theory), 2003. ISBN 0-415-22094-7
• P. J. O'Rourke. On The Wealth of Nations (Books That Changed the World) (2006)
• Richard F. Teichgraeber. Free Trade and Moral Philosophy: Rethinking the Sources of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1986)
• Cithakan:A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature

Pranala Jaba

Wikisource basa Inggris ndarbeni kaca perkawis

Adam Smith

Umum

• (en) Karya-karya Adam Smith ing Proyèk Gutenberg
• Biography at the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics
• Life of Adam Smith by John Rae, at the Library of Economics and Liberty
• Adam Smith at The Online Library of Liberty
• The Celebrated Adam Smith by Murray N. Rothbard; full text of Chapter 16 of An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought, Vol. I and II, Edward Elgar, 1995; Mises Institute 2006
• Smith's works
• Brad deLong's Adam Smith page
• The Adam Smith Institute
• Grave of Adam Smith on the Famous Economists Grave Sites
• Adam Smith - Important Scots
• Reflections on Smith's ethicsPDF (129 KiB)
• Adam Smith on the 50 British Pound (Clydesdale Bank) banknote
• "The Betrayal of Adam Smith" by David C. Korten
• Adam Smith - A Primer by Eamonn Butler. Introduction to Smith's work, free download

Karya

• An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations at MetaLibri Digital Library (PDF format)
• The Theory of Moral Sentiments at MetaLibri Digital Library
• The Theory of Moral Sentiments at the Library of Economics and Liberty
• The Wealth of Nations at the Library of Economics and Liberty. Cannan edition. Definitive, fully searchable, free online
• The Wealth of Nations, ing Proyèk Gutenberg
• The Wealth of Nations from Mondo Politico Library - full text; formatted for easy on-screen reading
• The Wealth of Nations from the Adam Smith Institute - elegantly formatted for on-screen reading
• Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith. Glasgow edition, 7 volumes at the Online Library of Liberty. Definitive, free online

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